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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Parallelograms and concyclicity
Lukaluce   14
N a minute ago by YaoAOPS
Source: EGMO 2025 P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incentre $I$ and $AB \neq AC$. Let lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P \neq B$ and $Q \neq C$, respectively. Consider points $R$ and $S$ such that $AQRB$ and $ACSP$ are parallelograms (with $AQ \parallel RB, AB \parallel QR, AC \parallel SP$, and $AP \parallel CS$). Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $RB$ and $SC$. Prove that points $R, S, T$, and $I$ are concyclic.
14 replies
+2 w
Lukaluce
5 hours ago
YaoAOPS
a minute ago
Turbo's en route to visit each cell of the board
Lukaluce   8
N 8 minutes ago by BR1F1SZ
Source: EGMO 2025 P5
Let $n > 1$ be an integer. In a configuration of an $n \times n$ board, each of the $n^2$ cells contains an arrow, either pointing up, down, left, or right. Given a starting configuration, Turbo the snail starts in one of the cells of the board and travels from cell to cell. In each move, Turbo moves one square unit in the direction indicated by the arrow in her cell (possibly leaving the board). After each move, the arrows in all of the cells rotate $90^{\circ}$ counterclockwise. We call a cell good if, starting from that cell, Turbo visits each cell of the board exactly once, without leaving the board, and returns to her initial cell at the end. Determine, in terms of $n$, the maximum number of good cells over all possible starting configurations.

Proposed by Melek Güngör, Turkey
8 replies
Lukaluce
5 hours ago
BR1F1SZ
8 minutes ago
Mock 22nd Thailand TMO P10
korncrazy   3
N 11 minutes ago by korncrazy
Source: own
Prove that there exists infinitely many triples of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that $a>b>c,\,\gcd(a,b,c)=1$ and $$a^2-b^2,a^2-c^2,b^2-c^2$$are all perfect square.
3 replies
korncrazy
Yesterday at 6:57 PM
korncrazy
11 minutes ago
best source for inequalitys
Namisgood   2
N 22 minutes ago by Namisgood
I need some help do I am beginner and have completed Number theory and almost all of algebra (except inequalitys) can anybody suggest a book or resource from where I can study inequalitys
2 replies
Namisgood
Yesterday at 8:18 AM
Namisgood
22 minutes ago
No more topics!
Interesting problem of a triangle (equal chords)
Pascual2005   9
N Jan 3, 2024 by ArmandoYunke
Source: 10th Iberoamerican 1995 pr. B2
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at the points $D$, $E$, $F$ respectively. Let the line $AD$ intersect this incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $X$ (apart from $D$). Assume that this point $X$ is the midpoint of the segment $AD$, this means, $AX = XD$. Let the line $BX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Y$ (apart from $X$), and let the line $CX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Z$ (apart from $X$). Show that $EY = FZ$.
9 replies
Pascual2005
Mar 30, 2004
ArmandoYunke
Jan 3, 2024
Interesting problem of a triangle (equal chords)
G H J
Source: 10th Iberoamerican 1995 pr. B2
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Pascual2005
1160 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at the points $D$, $E$, $F$ respectively. Let the line $AD$ intersect this incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $X$ (apart from $D$). Assume that this point $X$ is the midpoint of the segment $AD$, this means, $AX = XD$. Let the line $BX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Y$ (apart from $X$), and let the line $CX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Z$ (apart from $X$). Show that $EY = FZ$.
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Thers's a fairly simple computational proof (about half a page or so), but here's a proof using a bit of projective geometry:

ED is the polar of C with respect to the incircle of ABC, so if CX and ED intersect at T then the points X, T, Z, C form a harmonic quadruple, and then so do the lines EX, ET, EZ, EC. These lines are intersected by line AD at X, D, Z' and A resectively, so these four points form a harmonic quadruple as well, so (XD/XA) : (Z'D/Z'A)=-1 (the segments are actually oriented segments), but since XDS/XA=-1, it means that Z'D/Z'A=1, which can only happen if Z' is the infinity point of the line AD, which means that EZ is parallel to AD. In the same way we show that FY is parallel to AD, so EZ and FY are parallel, so the quadrilateral EZYF is an isosceles trapezoid and the conclusion follows.

[Moderator edit. See also http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=3496 for a stronger problem.]
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chaogold
38 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
By many similar triangles,
ZE/EX=CE/CX=CD/CX=ZD/DX
so,ZE/ZD=EX/DX=EX/AX
with <EZD=<EXA,
triangles EZD and EXA are similar
then we have <EAX=<EDZ
arcED -arcEX=arcED-arcZD
arcEX=arcZD
then EZ//DX
so we have FY//DX//EZ
then ZF=EY
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yetti
2643 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Let a = BC, b = CA, c = AB be the sides and s the semiperimeter of the triangle $\triangle ABC.$ Power of the vertex A to the incircle (I) is $AX \cdot AD = AF^2 = (s - a)^2.$ Since $AX = \frac{AD}{2},$ we get $AD^2 = 2(s - a)^2.$ BX is the B-median of the triangle $\triangle ABD,$

$BX^2 = \frac{2BA^2 + 2BD^2 - AD^2}{4} = \frac{2c^2 + 2(s - b)^2 - 2(s - a)^2}{4} =$

$= \frac{c^2 + b^2 - a^2 + (a + b + c)(a - b)}{2} = \frac{c^2 + c(a - b)}{2} = c (s - b)$

Power of the vertex B to the incircle (I) is $BY \cdot BX = BD^2 = (s - b)^2.$ Thus

$\frac{BY}{BX} = \frac{BY \cdot BX}{BX^2} = \frac{s - b}{c} = \frac{BF}{BA}$

It follows that $FY \parallel AD.$ In exactly the same way, we can show that $EZ \parallel AD.$ As a result, EFYZ is a cyclic trapezoid with bases $FY \parallel EZ,$ i.e., isosceles and with equal diagonals, hence $EF = YZ,\ EY = FZ.$
Attachments:
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Ashegh
858 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
what anice problem. :!:

it is easy by using harmonic.;)

$CE^2=CD^2=CZ.CX$, then it means that $(XZED)=-1$.

$BD^2=BF^2=BY.BX$, then it means that $(XYFD)=-1$.

from the first we find that $E(EDZX)=-1$

and from the second we conclude that $F(XYFD)=-1$

and because $AX=XD$, $ZE$ should be parallel to $AD$.

and again because $AX=XD$, $FY$ should be parallal to $AD$.

and it is concluded that :$EZ,FY$ are parallel.

then they forme an isoceles trapezoid in the incenter.

and it is clear that the diagonals of an isoceles trapezoid are equal to each other.

and it means that: $EY=FZ$

ask my later, each part u didnt figure out. ;)
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omjfv
29 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
I tried to do this problem using trigonometry and I failed. We need
to prove that $FY=EZ$ $\Leftrightarrow$ where $\mu = \eta$
$\mu=\angle FXY = \angle YFB$ and $\eta = \angle EXZ = \angle ZEC$.
Let $\varphi = \angle DAC$, $\theta = \angle BAD$, $\xi = \angle FBY$ $\nu = \angle ECZ$ and $s=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$. We have: \[AX AD=AE AE\]
\[AD = (s-a)\sqrt{2}\] From triangle ADC we get
\[\frac{\sin \varphi}{\sin \gamma}= \frac{CD}{AD}\]
\[\sin \varphi= \sqrt{2}\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\cos^{2}\frac{\gamma}{2}\]
Also we get \[\sin \theta = \sqrt{2}\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\cos^{2}\frac{\beta}{2}\] In triangle AXB: \[\frac{\sin \theta}{\sin \xi}= \frac{BX}{AX}\] From triangle BFY: \[\frac{\sin \mu}{\sin \xi}= \frac{BY}{FY}\] We have: \[BX BY = BD^{2}\] \[\sin \xi = \sqrt{2}\sin \mu \sin \frac{\beta}{2}\] Also we have \[\sin \nu = \sqrt{2}\sin \eta \sin \frac{\gamma}{2}\] From Ceva' s theorem we have
\[\frac{\sin \varphi}{\sin\theta}\frac{\sin \xi}{\sin \nu}=\frac{\sin(\beta-\xi)}{\sin(\gamma-\nu)}= \frac{CX}{BX}\]
We need to prove that $\sin \mu = \sin \eta$ but I don't know how to
finish my proof.
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Britishgoat
17 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $FD\cap XY=P$ and $YF\cap BC=T$ then using Pascal's theorem on hexagon $DDXYFF$ we obtain $A, P$ and $T$ are collinear, and because $BX$ is median of $\triangle ABD$, then using Ceva's theorem we get ratios that prove that $FY\parallel AD$. Similarly on the other side we would obtain $EZ\parallel AD$, so $EZ\parallel YF$ making $YFEZ$ an iscoceles trapezium. So the diagonals are congruent hence $EY=FZ$.
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hectorraul
361 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by myh2910
It is weird this solution did not appear so far.

Let $M$ be the midpoint of $FD$. We know that $XM\parallel AB$ and that $XB$ is the $X-$symmedian in $\triangle XFD$, then
\[
\angle BFY=\angle FXY=\angle MXD=\angle FAD
\]meaning that $FY\parallel AD$. Analogously $EZ\parallel AD$ and we are done.
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ArmandoYunke
5 posts
#10
Y by
here is my solution
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ArmandoYunke
5 posts
#11
Y by
why is an error that dont let me post latex? its says that new users cant post images
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