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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Iran TST Starter
M11100111001Y1R   1
N 6 minutes ago by DeathIsAwe
Source: Iran TST 2025 Test 1 Problem 1
Let \( a_n \) be a sequence of positive real numbers such that for every \( n > 2025 \), we have:
\[
a_n = \max_{1 \leq i \leq 2025} a_{n-i} - \min_{1 \leq i \leq 2025} a_{n-i}
\]Prove that there exists a natural number \( M \) such that for all \( n > M \), the following holds:
\[
a_n < \frac{1}{1404}
\]
1 reply
M11100111001Y1R
Yesterday at 7:36 AM
DeathIsAwe
6 minutes ago
Concurrent lines, angle bisectors
legogubbe   0
14 minutes ago
Source: ???
Hi AoPS!

Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$, and $M$ an arbitrary point on side $BC$. The internal angle bisector of $\angle MAB$ meets the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ again at $P \neq A$, and the internal angle bisector of $\angle CAM$ meets it again at $Q \neq A$. Show that lines $AM$, $BQ$ and $CP$ are concurrent.
0 replies
legogubbe
14 minutes ago
0 replies
Fractional Inequality
sqing   33
N 18 minutes ago by Learning11
Source: Chinese Girls Mathematical Olympiad 2012, Problem 1
Let $ a_1, a_2,\ldots, a_n$ be non-negative real numbers. Prove that
$\frac{1}{1+ a_1}+\frac{ a_1}{(1+ a_1)(1+ a_2)}+\frac{ a_1 a_2}{(1+ a_1)(1+ a_2)(1+ a_3)}+$ $\cdots+\frac{ a_1 a_2\cdots a_{n-1}}{(1+ a_1)(1+ a_2)\cdots (1+ a_n)} \le 1.$
33 replies
sqing
Aug 10, 2012
Learning11
18 minutes ago
Geometry angle chasing olympiads
Foxellar   1
N 42 minutes ago by Ianis
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be a triangle such that \( \angle ABC = 120^\circ \). Points \( X, Y, Z \) lie on segments \( BC, CA, AB \), respectively, such that lines \( AX, BY, \) and \( CZ \) are the angle bisectors of triangle \( ABC \). Find the measure of angle \( \angle XYZ \).
1 reply
Foxellar
an hour ago
Ianis
42 minutes ago
Iran Inequality
mathmatecS   17
N 44 minutes ago by Learning11
Source: Iran 1998
When $x(\ge1),$ $y(\ge1),$ $z(\ge1)$ satisfy $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2,$ prove in equality.
$$\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}$$
17 replies
mathmatecS
Jun 11, 2015
Learning11
44 minutes ago
Problem 4
codyj   87
N an hour ago by ezpotd
Source: IMO 2015 #4
Triangle $ABC$ has circumcircle $\Omega$ and circumcenter $O$. A circle $\Gamma$ with center $A$ intersects the segment $BC$ at points $D$ and $E$, such that $B$, $D$, $E$, and $C$ are all different and lie on line $BC$ in this order. Let $F$ and $G$ be the points of intersection of $\Gamma$ and $\Omega$, such that $A$, $F$, $B$, $C$, and $G$ lie on $\Omega$ in this order. Let $K$ be the second point of intersection of the circumcircle of triangle $BDF$ and the segment $AB$. Let $L$ be the second point of intersection of the circumcircle of triangle $CGE$ and the segment $CA$.

Suppose that the lines $FK$ and $GL$ are different and intersect at the point $X$. Prove that $X$ lies on the line $AO$.

Proposed by Greece
87 replies
codyj
Jul 11, 2015
ezpotd
an hour ago
IMO96/2 [the lines AP, BD, CE meet at a point]
Arne   47
N 2 hours ago by Bridgeon
Source: IMO 1996 problem 2, IMO Shortlist 1996, G2
Let $ P$ be a point inside a triangle $ ABC$ such that
\[ \angle APB - \angle ACB = \angle APC - \angle ABC.
\]
Let $ D$, $ E$ be the incenters of triangles $ APB$, $ APC$, respectively. Show that the lines $ AP$, $ BD$, $ CE$ meet at a point.
47 replies
Arne
Sep 30, 2003
Bridgeon
2 hours ago
A sharp one with 3 var (3)
mihaig   4
N 3 hours ago by aaravdodhia
Source: Own
Let $a,b,c\geq0$ satisfying
$$\left(a+b+c-2\right)^2+8\leq3\left(ab+bc+ca\right).$$Prove
$$a^2+b^2+c^2+5abc\geq8.$$
4 replies
mihaig
Yesterday at 5:17 PM
aaravdodhia
3 hours ago
Cup of Combinatorics
M11100111001Y1R   1
N 3 hours ago by Davdav1232
Source: Iran TST 2025 Test 4 Problem 2
There are \( n \) cups labeled \( 1, 2, \dots, n \), where the \( i \)-th cup has capacity \( i \) liters. In total, there are \( n \) liters of water distributed among these cups such that each cup contains an integer amount of water. In each step, we may transfer water from one cup to another. The process continues until either the source cup becomes empty or the destination cup becomes full.

$a)$ Prove that from any configuration where each cup contains an integer amount of water, it is possible to reach a configuration in which each cup contains exactly 1 liter of water in at most \( \frac{4n}{3} \) steps.

$b)$ Prove that in at most \( \frac{5n}{3} \) steps, one can go from any configuration with integer water amounts to any other configuration with the same property.
1 reply
M11100111001Y1R
Yesterday at 7:24 AM
Davdav1232
3 hours ago
Bulgaria National Olympiad 1996
Jjesus   7
N 3 hours ago by reni_wee
Find all prime numbers $p,q$ for which $pq$ divides $(5^p-2^p)(5^q-2^q)$.
7 replies
Jjesus
Jun 10, 2020
reni_wee
3 hours ago
Can't be power of 2
shobber   31
N 3 hours ago by LeYohan
Source: APMO 1998
Show that for any positive integers $a$ and $b$, $(36a+b)(a+36b)$ cannot be a power of $2$.
31 replies
shobber
Mar 17, 2006
LeYohan
3 hours ago
Brilliant Problem
M11100111001Y1R   4
N 3 hours ago by IAmTheHazard
Source: Iran TST 2025 Test 3 Problem 3
Find all sequences \( (a_n) \) of natural numbers such that for every pair of natural numbers \( r \) and \( s \), the following inequality holds:
\[
\frac{1}{2} < \frac{\gcd(a_r, a_s)}{\gcd(r, s)} < 2
\]
4 replies
M11100111001Y1R
Yesterday at 7:28 AM
IAmTheHazard
3 hours ago
Own made functional equation
Primeniyazidayi   1
N 3 hours ago by Primeniyazidayi
Source: own(probably)
Find all functions $f:R \rightarrow R$ such that $xf(x^2+2f(y)-yf(x))=f(x)^3-f(y)(f(x^2)-2f(x))$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$
1 reply
Primeniyazidayi
May 26, 2025
Primeniyazidayi
3 hours ago
not fun equation
DottedCaculator   13
N 4 hours ago by Adywastaken
Source: USA TST 2024/6
Find all functions $f\colon\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ such that for all real numbers $x$ and $y$,
\[f(xf(y))+f(y)=f(x+y)+f(xy).\]
Milan Haiman
13 replies
1 viewing
DottedCaculator
Jan 15, 2024
Adywastaken
4 hours ago
Interesting problem of a triangle (equal chords)
Pascual2005   9
N Jan 3, 2024 by ArmandoYunke
Source: 10th Iberoamerican 1995 pr. B2
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at the points $D$, $E$, $F$ respectively. Let the line $AD$ intersect this incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $X$ (apart from $D$). Assume that this point $X$ is the midpoint of the segment $AD$, this means, $AX = XD$. Let the line $BX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Y$ (apart from $X$), and let the line $CX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Z$ (apart from $X$). Show that $EY = FZ$.
9 replies
Pascual2005
Mar 30, 2004
ArmandoYunke
Jan 3, 2024
Interesting problem of a triangle (equal chords)
G H J
Source: 10th Iberoamerican 1995 pr. B2
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Pascual2005
1160 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at the points $D$, $E$, $F$ respectively. Let the line $AD$ intersect this incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $X$ (apart from $D$). Assume that this point $X$ is the midpoint of the segment $AD$, this means, $AX = XD$. Let the line $BX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Y$ (apart from $X$), and let the line $CX$ meet the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at a point $Z$ (apart from $X$). Show that $EY = FZ$.
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Thers's a fairly simple computational proof (about half a page or so), but here's a proof using a bit of projective geometry:

ED is the polar of C with respect to the incircle of ABC, so if CX and ED intersect at T then the points X, T, Z, C form a harmonic quadruple, and then so do the lines EX, ET, EZ, EC. These lines are intersected by line AD at X, D, Z' and A resectively, so these four points form a harmonic quadruple as well, so (XD/XA) : (Z'D/Z'A)=-1 (the segments are actually oriented segments), but since XDS/XA=-1, it means that Z'D/Z'A=1, which can only happen if Z' is the infinity point of the line AD, which means that EZ is parallel to AD. In the same way we show that FY is parallel to AD, so EZ and FY are parallel, so the quadrilateral EZYF is an isosceles trapezoid and the conclusion follows.

[Moderator edit. See also http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=3496 for a stronger problem.]
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chaogold
38 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
By many similar triangles,
ZE/EX=CE/CX=CD/CX=ZD/DX
so,ZE/ZD=EX/DX=EX/AX
with <EZD=<EXA,
triangles EZD and EXA are similar
then we have <EAX=<EDZ
arcED -arcEX=arcED-arcZD
arcEX=arcZD
then EZ//DX
so we have FY//DX//EZ
then ZF=EY
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yetti
2643 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Let a = BC, b = CA, c = AB be the sides and s the semiperimeter of the triangle $\triangle ABC.$ Power of the vertex A to the incircle (I) is $AX \cdot AD = AF^2 = (s - a)^2.$ Since $AX = \frac{AD}{2},$ we get $AD^2 = 2(s - a)^2.$ BX is the B-median of the triangle $\triangle ABD,$

$BX^2 = \frac{2BA^2 + 2BD^2 - AD^2}{4} = \frac{2c^2 + 2(s - b)^2 - 2(s - a)^2}{4} =$

$= \frac{c^2 + b^2 - a^2 + (a + b + c)(a - b)}{2} = \frac{c^2 + c(a - b)}{2} = c (s - b)$

Power of the vertex B to the incircle (I) is $BY \cdot BX = BD^2 = (s - b)^2.$ Thus

$\frac{BY}{BX} = \frac{BY \cdot BX}{BX^2} = \frac{s - b}{c} = \frac{BF}{BA}$

It follows that $FY \parallel AD.$ In exactly the same way, we can show that $EZ \parallel AD.$ As a result, EFYZ is a cyclic trapezoid with bases $FY \parallel EZ,$ i.e., isosceles and with equal diagonals, hence $EF = YZ,\ EY = FZ.$
Attachments:
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Ashegh
858 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
what anice problem. :!:

it is easy by using harmonic.;)

$CE^2=CD^2=CZ.CX$, then it means that $(XZED)=-1$.

$BD^2=BF^2=BY.BX$, then it means that $(XYFD)=-1$.

from the first we find that $E(EDZX)=-1$

and from the second we conclude that $F(XYFD)=-1$

and because $AX=XD$, $ZE$ should be parallel to $AD$.

and again because $AX=XD$, $FY$ should be parallal to $AD$.

and it is concluded that :$EZ,FY$ are parallel.

then they forme an isoceles trapezoid in the incenter.

and it is clear that the diagonals of an isoceles trapezoid are equal to each other.

and it means that: $EY=FZ$

ask my later, each part u didnt figure out. ;)
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omjfv
29 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
I tried to do this problem using trigonometry and I failed. We need
to prove that $FY=EZ$ $\Leftrightarrow$ where $\mu = \eta$
$\mu=\angle FXY = \angle YFB$ and $\eta = \angle EXZ = \angle ZEC$.
Let $\varphi = \angle DAC$, $\theta = \angle BAD$, $\xi = \angle FBY$ $\nu = \angle ECZ$ and $s=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$. We have: \[AX AD=AE AE\]
\[AD = (s-a)\sqrt{2}\] From triangle ADC we get
\[\frac{\sin \varphi}{\sin \gamma}= \frac{CD}{AD}\]
\[\sin \varphi= \sqrt{2}\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\cos^{2}\frac{\gamma}{2}\]
Also we get \[\sin \theta = \sqrt{2}\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\cos^{2}\frac{\beta}{2}\] In triangle AXB: \[\frac{\sin \theta}{\sin \xi}= \frac{BX}{AX}\] From triangle BFY: \[\frac{\sin \mu}{\sin \xi}= \frac{BY}{FY}\] We have: \[BX BY = BD^{2}\] \[\sin \xi = \sqrt{2}\sin \mu \sin \frac{\beta}{2}\] Also we have \[\sin \nu = \sqrt{2}\sin \eta \sin \frac{\gamma}{2}\] From Ceva' s theorem we have
\[\frac{\sin \varphi}{\sin\theta}\frac{\sin \xi}{\sin \nu}=\frac{\sin(\beta-\xi)}{\sin(\gamma-\nu)}= \frac{CX}{BX}\]
We need to prove that $\sin \mu = \sin \eta$ but I don't know how to
finish my proof.
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Britishgoat
17 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $FD\cap XY=P$ and $YF\cap BC=T$ then using Pascal's theorem on hexagon $DDXYFF$ we obtain $A, P$ and $T$ are collinear, and because $BX$ is median of $\triangle ABD$, then using Ceva's theorem we get ratios that prove that $FY\parallel AD$. Similarly on the other side we would obtain $EZ\parallel AD$, so $EZ\parallel YF$ making $YFEZ$ an iscoceles trapezium. So the diagonals are congruent hence $EY=FZ$.
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hectorraul
363 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by myh2910
It is weird this solution did not appear so far.

Let $M$ be the midpoint of $FD$. We know that $XM\parallel AB$ and that $XB$ is the $X-$symmedian in $\triangle XFD$, then
\[
\angle BFY=\angle FXY=\angle MXD=\angle FAD
\]meaning that $FY\parallel AD$. Analogously $EZ\parallel AD$ and we are done.
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ArmandoYunke
5 posts
#10
Y by
here is my solution
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ArmandoYunke
5 posts
#11
Y by
why is an error that dont let me post latex? its says that new users cant post images
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N Quick Reply
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