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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
6 variable inequality
ChuongTk17   3
N 43 minutes ago by ChuongTk17
Source: Own
Given real numbers a,b,c,d,e,f in the interval [-1;1] and positive x,y,z,t such that $$2xya+2xzb+2xtc+2yzd+2yte+2ztf=x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2$$. Prove that: $$a+b+c+d+e+f \leq 2$$
3 replies
ChuongTk17
Nov 29, 2024
ChuongTk17
43 minutes ago
Arbitrary point on BC and its relation with orthocenter
falantrng   25
N an hour ago by EeEeRUT
Source: Balkan MO 2025 P2
In an acute-angled triangle \(ABC\), \(H\) be the orthocenter of it and \(D\) be any point on the side \(BC\). The points \(E, F\) are on the segments \(AB, AC\), respectively, such that the points \(A, B, D, F\) and \(A, C, D, E\) are cyclic. The segments \(BF\) and \(CE\) intersect at \(P.\) \(L\) is a point on \(HA\) such that \(LC\) is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle \(PBC\) at \(C.\) \(BH\) and \(CP\) intersect at \(X\). Prove that the points \(D, X, \) and \(L\) lie on the same line.

Proposed by Theoklitos Parayiou, Cyprus
25 replies
falantrng
Apr 27, 2025
EeEeRUT
an hour ago
Hard inequality
JK1603JK   2
N an hour ago by arqady
Source: unknown?
Let $a,b,c\in R: abc\neq 0$ and $a+b+c=0$ then prove $$|\frac{a-b}{c}|+|\frac{b-c}{a}|+|\frac{c-a}{b}|\ge 6$$
2 replies
JK1603JK
2 hours ago
arqady
an hour ago
BMO 2024 SL A5
MuradSafarli   2
N an hour ago by ja.


Let \(\mathbb{R}^+ = (0, \infty)\) be the set of positive real numbers.
Find all non-negative real numbers \(c \geq 0\) such that there exists a function \(f : \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+\) with the property:
\[
f(y^2f(x) + y + c) = xf(x+y^2)
\]for all \(x, y \in \mathbb{R}^+\).

2 replies
MuradSafarli
Apr 27, 2025
ja.
an hour ago
Inequalities
sqing   5
N 5 hours ago by pooh123
Let $a,b,c> 0$ and $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1.$ Prove that
$$  (1-abc) (1-a)(1-b)(1-c)  \ge 208 $$$$ (1+abc) (1-a)(1-b)(1-c)  \le -224 $$$$(1+a^2b^2c^2) (1-a)(1-b)(1-c)  \le -5840 $$
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sqing
Jul 12, 2024
pooh123
5 hours ago
Amc 10 mock
Mathsboy100   4
N 5 hours ago by pooh123
let \[\lfloor  x   \rfloor\]denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x . What is the sum of the squares of the real numbers x for which \[  x^2 - 20\lfloor x \rfloor + 19 = 0  \]
4 replies
Mathsboy100
Oct 9, 2024
pooh123
5 hours ago
Inequalities
sqing   0
5 hours ago
Let $ a,b,c>0 . $ Prove that
$$ \left(1 +\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right )\geq 4\left(\frac{a+b}{b+c}+ \frac{b+c}{a+b}\right)$$$$ \left(1 +\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right )\geq \frac{32}{9}\left(\frac{a+b}{b+c}+ \frac{c+a}{a+b}\right)$$$$ \left(1 +\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right )\geq  \frac{8}{3}\left(  \frac{a+b}{b+c}+ \frac{b+c}{c+a}+ \frac{c+a}{a+b}\right)$$$$ \left(1 +\frac{a^2}{b^2}\right)\left(1+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\right)\left(1+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right )\geq \frac{8}{3}\left(  \frac{a^2+bc}{b^2+ca}+\frac{b^2+ca}{c^2+ab}+\frac{c^2+ab}{a^2+bc}\right)$$
0 replies
sqing
5 hours ago
0 replies
Purple Comet High School Math Meet 2024 P1
franklin2013   3
N 6 hours ago by codegirl2013
Joe ate one half of a fifth of a pizza. Gale ate one third of a quarter of that pizza. The difference in the amounts that the two ate was $\frac{1}{n}$ of the pizza, where $n$ is a positive integer. Find $n$.
3 replies
franklin2013
Yesterday at 11:20 PM
codegirl2013
6 hours ago
Cool vieta sum
Kempu33334   0
6 hours ago
Let the roots of \[\mathcal{P}(x) = x^{108}+x^{102}+x^{96}+2x^{54}+3x^{36}+4x^{24}+5x^{18}+6\]be $r_1, r_2, \dots, r_{108}$. Find \[\dfrac{r_1^6+r_2^6+\dots+r_{108}^6}{r_1^6r_2^6+r_1^6r_3^6+\dots+r_{107}^6r_{108}^6}\]without Newton Sums.
0 replies
Kempu33334
6 hours ago
0 replies
Inequality, tougher than it looks
tom-nowy   2
N Yesterday at 11:28 PM by pooh123
Prove that for $a,b \in \mathbb{R}$
$$ 2(a^2+1)(b^2+1) \geq 3(a+b). $$Is there an elegant way to prove this?
2 replies
tom-nowy
Apr 29, 2025
pooh123
Yesterday at 11:28 PM
Stylish Numbers
pedronis   3
N Yesterday at 10:58 PM by pedronis
A positive even integer $n$ is called stylish if the set $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ can be partitioned into $\frac{n}{2}$ pairs such that the sum of the elements in each pair is a power of $3$. For example, $6$ is stylish because the set $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$ can be partitioned as $\{1,2\}, \{3,6\}, \{4,5\}$, with sums $3$, $9$, and $9$ respectively. Determine the number of stylish numbers less than $3^{2025}$.
3 replies
pedronis
Apr 13, 2025
pedronis
Yesterday at 10:58 PM
Transformation of a cross product when multiplied by matrix A
Math-lover1   2
N Yesterday at 9:23 PM by Math-lover1
I was working through AoPS Volume 2 and this statement from Chapter 11: Cross Products/Determinants confused me.
[quote=AoPS Volume 2]A quick comparison of $|\underline{A}|$ to the cross product $(\underline{A}\vec{i}) \times (\underline{A}\vec{j})$ reveals that a negative determinant [of $\underline{A}$] corresponds to a matrix which reverses the direction of the cross product of two vectors.[/quote]
I understand that this is true for the unit vectors $\vec{i} = (1 \ 0)$ and $\vec{j} = (0 \ 1)$, but am confused on how to prove this statement for general vectors $\vec{v}$ and $\vec{w}$ although its supposed to be a quick comparison.

How do I prove this statement easily with any two 2D vectors?
2 replies
Math-lover1
Tuesday at 10:29 PM
Math-lover1
Yesterday at 9:23 PM
unfair coin, points winning 2024 TMC AIME Mock #9
parmenides51   5
N Yesterday at 8:44 PM by Math-lover1
Krithik has an unfair coin with a $\frac13$ chance of landing heads when flipped. Krithik is playing a game where he starts with $1$ point. Every turn, he flips the coin, and if it lands heads, he gains $1$ point, and if it lands tails, he loses $1$ point. However, after the turn, if he has a negative number of points, his point counter resets to $1$. Krithik wins when he earns $8$ points. Find the expected number of turns until Krithik wins.
5 replies
parmenides51
Apr 26, 2025
Math-lover1
Yesterday at 8:44 PM
BrUMO 2025 Team Round Problem 15
lpieleanu   1
N Yesterday at 8:01 PM by vanstraelen
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be an isosceles triangle with $AB=AC.$ Let $D$ be a point on the circumcircle of $\triangle{ABC}$ on minor arc $AB.$ Let $\overline{AD}$ intersect the extension of $\overline{BC}$ at $E.$ Let $F$ be the midpoint of segment $AC,$ and let $G$ be the intersection of $\overline{EF}$ and $\overline{AB}.$ Let the extension of $\overline{DG}$ intersect $\overline{AC}$ and the circumcircle of $\triangle{ABC}$ at $H$ and $I,$ respectively. Given that $DG=3, GH=5,$ and $HI=1,$ compute the length of $\overline{AE}.$
1 reply
lpieleanu
Apr 27, 2025
vanstraelen
Yesterday at 8:01 PM
Prove they are on aline [about mixtilinear incircles]
Omid Hatami   12
N Dec 27, 2023 by shendrew7
Source: Iran 2002 3rd round
$A,B,C$ are on circle $\mathcal C$. $I$ is incenter of $ABC$ , $D$ is midpoint of arc $BAC$. $W$ is a circle that is tangent to $AB$ and $AC$ and tangent to $\mathcal C$ at $P$. ($W$ is in $\mathcal C$)
Prove that $P$ and $I$ and $D$ are on a line.
12 replies
Omid Hatami
Apr 9, 2004
shendrew7
Dec 27, 2023
Prove they are on aline [about mixtilinear incircles]
G H J
Source: Iran 2002 3rd round
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Omid Hatami
1275 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
$A,B,C$ are on circle $\mathcal C$. $I$ is incenter of $ABC$ , $D$ is midpoint of arc $BAC$. $W$ is a circle that is tangent to $AB$ and $AC$ and tangent to $\mathcal C$ at $P$. ($W$ is in $\mathcal C$)
Prove that $P$ and $I$ and $D$ are on a line.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Omid Hatami, Oct 6, 2006, 10:28 AM
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Here are a few observations which I won't prove for now:

(1) If (W) touches AB and AC in S, T respectively then I is the midpoint of ST.

(2) PS and PT are the bisectors of angles <APB, <APC respectively.

By using these we can prove what we want in the following manner:

PA is the symmedian corresponding to P in triangle PST, because it's the intersection of the tangents through S and T to the circumcircle of PST. This means that <APS=<IPT=><APT+<IPT=<SPT and because <APT=<TPC=><IPT+<TPC=<SPT=><IPC=<SPT and in the same manner we show that <IPB=<SPT=<IPC=> I is on the bisector of angle <BPC, which is equivalent to what we wanted to show at the beginning.
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grobber
7849 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Here's the proof of (2):

Let S' and T' be the points where PS and PT cut the circumcircle of ABC (respectively). The circle (C) is obtained from (W) by a homothety of center P and ratio PT'/PT=PS'/PS, so the tangent in T' to (C) corresponds to the tangent to (W) in T (which is AC) by this homothety, so they're parallel, so T' is the midpoint of the arc AC. In the same manner we show that S' is the midpoint of the arc AB and the conclusion follows.
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grobber
7849 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
The "standard" proof for (1) uses Casey's thm and the transversal theorem (at least that's what it's called in Romanian). I'll post it in a little while if I fail to find another (nicer, non-computational) one.
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grobber
7849 posts
#5 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Let A' be the foot of the bisector of <A in triangle ABC.

From Casey's thm we get BS*AC+CT*AB=AS*BC (#). On the other hand, from the transversal thm we know that I is on ST iff (BS/SA)*A'C+(CT/TA)*A'B=(A'I/IA)*BC iff b*BS/SA+c*CT/TA=a which is true from (#) by division with AS=AT: AC*BS/AS+AB*CT/AT=BC (a, b, c are the sides of the triangle ABC, BC, CA, AB respectively).

I guess it's not that long or ugly :).
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StRyKeR
123 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I can't find references to your Casey's theorem or transversal theorem...

Could you please post the above two theorems formally?
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grobber
7849 posts
#7 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Casey's theorem (there is a much more general form, using the notion of cycle instead of that of circle, but I won't post that, because I might make some mistakes):

Let C be a circle and $C_i$ with i from 1 to 4 circles internally tangent to C, arranged around C in the increasing order of the indexes (1->2->3->4). Take $C_iC_j$ be the length of the external common tangent of $C_i$ and $C_j$. Then the analogous of Ptolemy's thm takes place: $C_1C_2\cdot C_3C_4+C_1C_4\cdot C_2C_3=C_1C_3\cdot C_2C_4$.

The transversal theorem:

ABC is a triangle, D is a point on BC, P is a point on AD, M and N are points on AB and AC respectively. Then the line MN passes through P iff DC*BM/MA+BD*CN/NA=BC*DP/PA, where all the 2-letter combinations represent oriented segments.
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vinoth_90_2004
301 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Sorry, but i don't understand how you can apply Casey's Theorom to this situation? please explain ...
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grobber
7849 posts
#9 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
You apply it for the circle W and the degenerate circles A, B, C. You can apply it for 2 circles and 2 points, 3 circles and a point ans other such cases. A point is nothing more than a degenerate circle.
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vittasko
1327 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Let us to present an alternative proof of the collinearity of the points $ P,\ I,\ D,$ based on the proof of the fact (1), mentioned by grobber in the above post #2#, which appeared in the topic Mixtilinear incircle of Leon.

$ \bullet$ We denote the points $ B'\equiv (O)\cap BI,\ C'\equiv (O)\cap CI,$ where $ (O)$ is the circumcircle of the given triangle $ \bigtriangleup ABC$ and it is easy to show that $ B'C'\parallel ST,$ from $ \angle B'XC = \angle B'C'C + \angle ACC' = \frac {\angle B}{2} + \frac {\angle C}{2} = 90^{o} - \frac {\angle A}{2} = \angle ATS,$ where $ X\equiv AC\cap B'C'.$

So, because of $ IS = IT,$ from the trapezium $ B'C'ST,$ we have that the point $ Q\equiv B'C'\cap PI,$ is the midpoint of the segment $ B'C'$ and then, we conclude that $ OQ\perp B'C',$ where $ O$ is the circumcenter of $ \bigtriangleup ABC.$

$ \bullet$ It is easy to show that $ OQ = \frac {A'I}{2}$ $ ,(1)$ where $ A'\equiv (O)\cap AI,$ because of the incenter $ I$ of $ \bigtriangleup ABC,$ is the orthocenter of the triangle $ \bigtriangleup A'B'C'$ as well.

So, from $ (1)$ and because of $ OQ\parallel IA',$ we conclude that the line segment $ IQ,$ passes through the point $ D\equiv (O)\cap A'O,$ as the symmetric point of $ A'$ with respect to $ O$ and then ( from $ OA'\perp BC$ ), as the midpoint of the arc $ BAC$ of $ (O).$

Hence, we conclude that the points $ P,\ I,\ D,$ are collinear and the proof is completed.

Kostas Vittas.
Attachments:
t=5131.pdf (9kb)
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jayme
9787 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by pi37, Adventure10, Mango247
Dear Mathlinkers,
this result comes from Lauvernay (1892).
See: http://perso.orange.fr/jl.ayme vol. 4 A new mixtilinear incircle adventure I, p. 17.
Sincerely
Jean-Louis
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HamstPan38825
8857 posts
#12
Y by
$\sqrt{bc}$-invert, which sends $T$ to the excentral touchpoint $D$, $I$ to the $A$-excenter $I_A$, and $T$ to the intersection point of the $A$-external bisector and $\overline{BC}$. It suffices to show that $A, D, I_A, T$ are concyclic now, but this is obvious.
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shendrew7
794 posts
#13
Y by
Label the touch points to $AB$, $AC$, and $(ABC)$ as $K$, $L$, and $T$, and the midpoints of arcs $AB$ and $AC$ as $X$ and $Y$. Homothety tells us $TKX$ and $TLY$ collinear. Pascal on $BACXTY$ then tells us that $KIL$ collinear, and noting $\triangle AKI \cong \triangle ALI$ implies $IK = IL$.

Thus $TI$ and $TA$ are a median and symmedian, respectively, of $\triangle TKL$, so $\angle KTA = \angle ITL = \frac C2$. As a result, it's clear that $TI$ will pass through the top point of $(ABC)$. $\blacksquare$
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