ka April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.
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Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!
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Arbitrary point on BC and its relation with orthocenter
falantrng25
Nan hour ago
by EeEeRUT
Source: Balkan MO 2025 P2
In an acute-angled triangle , be the orthocenter of it and be any point on the side . The points are on the segments , respectively, such that the points and are cyclic. The segments and intersect at is a point on such that is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle at and intersect at . Prove that the points and lie on the same line.
Joe ate one half of a fifth of a pizza. Gale ate one third of a quarter of that pizza. The difference in the amounts that the two ate was of the pizza, where is a positive integer. Find .
A positive even integer is called stylish if the set can be partitioned into pairs such that the sum of the elements in each pair is a power of . For example, is stylish because the set can be partitioned as , with sums ,, and respectively. Determine the number of stylish numbers less than .
Transformation of a cross product when multiplied by matrix A
Math-lover12
NYesterday at 9:23 PM
by Math-lover1
I was working through AoPS Volume 2 and this statement from Chapter 11: Cross Products/Determinants confused me.
[quote=AoPS Volume 2]A quick comparison of to the cross product reveals that a negative determinant [of ] corresponds to a matrix which reverses the direction of the cross product of two vectors.[/quote]
I understand that this is true for the unit vectors and , but am confused on how to prove this statement for general vectors and although its supposed to be a quick comparison.
How do I prove this statement easily with any two 2D vectors?
Krithik has an unfair coin with a chance of landing heads when flipped. Krithik is playing a game where he starts with point. Every turn, he flips the coin, and if it lands heads, he gains point, and if it lands tails, he loses point. However, after the turn, if he has a negative number of points, his point counter resets to . Krithik wins when he earns points. Find the expected number of turns until Krithik wins.
Let be an isosceles triangle with Let be a point on the circumcircle of on minor arc Let intersect the extension of at Let be the midpoint of segment and let be the intersection of and Let the extension of intersect and the circumcircle of at and respectively. Given that and compute the length of
Prove they are on aline [about mixtilinear incircles]
Omid Hatami12
NDec 27, 2023
by shendrew7
Source: Iran 2002 3rd round
are on circle . is incenter of , is midpoint of arc . is a circle that is tangent to and and tangent to at .( is in )
Prove that and and are on a line.
are on circle . is incenter of , is midpoint of arc . is a circle that is tangent to and and tangent to at .( is in )
Prove that and and are on a line.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Omid Hatami, Oct 6, 2006, 10:28 AM
Here are a few observations which I won't prove for now:
(1) If (W) touches AB and AC in S, T respectively then I is the midpoint of ST.
(2) PS and PT are the bisectors of angles <APB, <APC respectively.
By using these we can prove what we want in the following manner:
PA is the symmedian corresponding to P in triangle PST, because it's the intersection of the tangents through S and T to the circumcircle of PST. This means that <APS=<IPT=><APT+<IPT=<SPT and because <APT=<TPC=><IPT+<TPC=<SPT=><IPC=<SPT and in the same manner we show that <IPB=<SPT=<IPC=> I is on the bisector of angle <BPC, which is equivalent to what we wanted to show at the beginning.
Let S' and T' be the points where PS and PT cut the circumcircle of ABC (respectively). The circle (C) is obtained from (W) by a homothety of center P and ratio PT'/PT=PS'/PS, so the tangent in T' to (C) corresponds to the tangent to (W) in T (which is AC) by this homothety, so they're parallel, so T' is the midpoint of the arc AC. In the same manner we show that S' is the midpoint of the arc AB and the conclusion follows.
The "standard" proof for (1) uses Casey's thm and the transversal theorem (at least that's what it's called in Romanian). I'll post it in a little while if I fail to find another (nicer, non-computational) one.
Let A' be the foot of the bisector of <A in triangle ABC.
From Casey's thm we get BS*AC+CT*AB=AS*BC (#). On the other hand, from the transversal thm we know that I is on ST iff (BS/SA)*A'C+(CT/TA)*A'B=(A'I/IA)*BC iff b*BS/SA+c*CT/TA=a which is true from (#) by division with AS=AT: AC*BS/AS+AB*CT/AT=BC (a, b, c are the sides of the triangle ABC, BC, CA, AB respectively).
Casey's theorem (there is a much more general form, using the notion of cycle instead of that of circle, but I won't post that, because I might make some mistakes):
Let C be a circle and with i from 1 to 4 circles internally tangent to C, arranged around C in the increasing order of the indexes (1->2->3->4). Take be the length of the external common tangent of and . Then the analogous of Ptolemy's thm takes place: .
The transversal theorem:
ABC is a triangle, D is a point on BC, P is a point on AD, M and N are points on AB and AC respectively. Then the line MN passes through P iff DC*BM/MA+BD*CN/NA=BC*DP/PA, where all the 2-letter combinations represent oriented segments.
You apply it for the circle W and the degenerate circles A, B, C. You can apply it for 2 circles and 2 points, 3 circles and a point ans other such cases. A point is nothing more than a degenerate circle.
Let us to present an alternative proof of the collinearity of the points based on the proof of the fact (1), mentioned by grobber in the above post #2#, which appeared in the topic Mixtilinear incircle of Leon.
We denote the points where is the circumcircle of the given triangle and it is easy to show that from where
So, because of from the trapezium we have that the point is the midpoint of the segment and then, we conclude that where is the circumcenter of
It is easy to show that where because of the incenter of is the orthocenter of the triangle as well.
So, from and because of we conclude that the line segment passes through the point as the symmetric point of with respect to and then ( from ), as the midpoint of the arc of
Hence, we conclude that the points are collinear and the proof is completed.
Dear Mathlinkers,
this result comes from Lauvernay (1892).
See: http://perso.orange.fr/jl.ayme vol. 4 A new mixtilinear incircle adventure I, p. 17.
Sincerely
Jean-Louis
-invert, which sends to the excentral touchpoint , to the -excenter , and to the intersection point of the -external bisector and . It suffices to show that are concyclic now, but this is obvious.
Label the touch points to ,, and as ,, and , and the midpoints of arcs and as and . Homothety tells us and collinear. Pascal on then tells us that collinear, and noting implies .
Thus and are a median and symmedian, respectively, of , so . As a result, it's clear that will pass through the top point of .