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k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
March is the month for State MATHCOUNTS competitions! Kudos to everyone who participated in their local chapter competitions and best of luck to all going to State! Join us on March 11th for a Math Jam devoted to our favorite Chapter competition problems! Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS? Be sure to check out our AMC 8/MATHCOUNTS Basics and Advanced courses.

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Do you have plans this summer? There are so many options to fit your schedule and goals whether attending a summer camp or taking online classes, it can be a great break from the routine of the school year. Check out our summer courses at AoPS Online, or if you want a math or language arts class that doesn’t have homework, but is an enriching summer experience, our AoPS Virtual Campus summer camps may be just the ticket! We are expanding our locations for our AoPS Academies across the country with 15 locations so far and new campuses opening in Saratoga CA, Johns Creek GA, and the Upper West Side NY. Check out this page for summer camp information.

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]March 5th (Wednesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, HCSSiM Math Jam 2025. Amber Verser, Assistant Director of the Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics, will host an information session about HCSSiM, a summer program for high school students.
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[*]March 11th (Tuesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS Chapter Discussion MATH JAM. AoPS instructors will discuss some of their favorite problems from the MATHCOUNTS Chapter Competition. All are welcome!
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0 replies
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Number Theory
MuradSafarli   5
N 10 minutes ago by tchange7575
Find all natural numbers \( a, b, c \) such that

\[
2^a \cdot 3^b + 1 = 5^c.
\]
5 replies
MuradSafarli
2 hours ago
tchange7575
10 minutes ago
USAMO 2001 Problem 6
MithsApprentice   20
N 11 minutes ago by Ritwin
Each point in the plane is assigned a real number such that, for any triangle, the number at the center of its inscribed circle is equal to the arithmetic mean of the three numbers at its vertices. Prove that all points in the plane are assigned the same number.
20 replies
MithsApprentice
Sep 30, 2005
Ritwin
11 minutes ago
Bijection on the set of integers
talkon   18
N 13 minutes ago by HamstPan38825
Source: InfinityDots MO 2 Problem 2
Determine all bijections $f:\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z$ satisfying
$$f^{f(m+n)}(mn) = f(m)f(n)$$for all integers $m,n$.

Note: $f^0(n)=n$, and for any positive integer $k$, $f^k(n)$ means $f$ applied $k$ times to $n$, and $f^{-k}(n)$ means $f^{-1}$ applied $k$ times to $n$.

Proposed by talkon
18 replies
+1 w
talkon
Apr 9, 2018
HamstPan38825
13 minutes ago
Functional Equations Marathon March 2025
Levieee   25
N 22 minutes ago by joeym2011
1. before posting another problem please try your best to provide the solution to the previous solution because we don't want a backlog of many problems
2.one is welcome to send functional equations involving calculus (mainly basic real analysis type of proofs) as long it is of the form $\text{"find all functions:"}$
25 replies
Levieee
Today at 1:03 AM
joeym2011
22 minutes ago
Inequality
anhduy98   5
N 32 minutes ago by JK1603JK
Source: Own
Given three real numbers $   a,b,c\ge 0   $ satisfying $:   a+b+c=3   $.Prove that:
$$\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge 3+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-3abc}{3}.$$
5 replies
anhduy98
Oct 28, 2024
JK1603JK
32 minutes ago
Nice and easy FE on R+
sttsmet   22
N 42 minutes ago by jasperE3
Source: EMC 2024 Problem 4, Seniors
Find all functions $ f: \mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$ such that $f(x+yf(x)) = xf(1+y)$
for all x, y positive reals.
22 replies
sttsmet
Dec 23, 2024
jasperE3
42 minutes ago
Existence of AP of interesting integers
DVDthe1st   33
N an hour ago by tchange7575
Source: 2018 China TST Day 1 Q2
A number $n$ is interesting if 2018 divides $d(n)$ (the number of positive divisors of $n$). Determine all positive integers $k$ such that there exists an infinite arithmetic progression with common difference $k$ whose terms are all interesting.
33 replies
1 viewing
DVDthe1st
Jan 2, 2018
tchange7575
an hour ago
A diophantine equation
crazyfehmy   13
N an hour ago by Primeniyazidayi
Source: Turkey Junior National Olympiad 2012 P1
Let $x, y$ be integers and $p$ be a prime for which

\[ x^2-3xy+p^2y^2=12p \]
Find all triples $(x,y,p)$.
13 replies
crazyfehmy
Dec 12, 2012
Primeniyazidayi
an hour ago
nf(f(n)) = f(n)^2, f : N->N
Zhero   19
N an hour ago by HamstPan38825
Source: ELMO Shortlist 2010, A1; also ELMO #4
Determine all strictly increasing functions $f: \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}$ satisfying $nf(f(n))=f(n)^2$ for all positive integers $n$.

Carl Lian and Brian Hamrick.
19 replies
Zhero
Jul 5, 2012
HamstPan38825
an hour ago
RMM 2019 Problem 2
math90   77
N 2 hours ago by ihatemath123
Source: RMM 2019
Let $ABCD$ be an isosceles trapezoid with $AB\parallel CD$. Let $E$ be the midpoint of $AC$. Denote by $\omega$ and $\Omega$ the circumcircles of the triangles $ABE$ and $CDE$, respectively. Let $P$ be the crossing point of the tangent to $\omega$ at $A$ with the tangent to $\Omega$ at $D$. Prove that $PE$ is tangent to $\Omega$.

Jakob Jurij Snoj, Slovenia
77 replies
math90
Feb 23, 2019
ihatemath123
2 hours ago
Two circles concur on a line
math154   59
N 2 hours ago by Mathandski
Source: ELMO Shortlist 2012, G1; also ELMO #1
In acute triangle $ABC$, let $D,E,F$ denote the feet of the altitudes from $A,B,C$, respectively, and let $\omega$ be the circumcircle of $\triangle AEF$. Let $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ be the circles through $D$ tangent to $\omega$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Show that $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ meet at a point $P$ on $BC$ other than $D$.

Ray Li.
59 replies
math154
Jul 2, 2012
Mathandski
2 hours ago
functional equation
Anni   7
N 2 hours ago by HamstPan38825
Source: albanian TST 2008 bmo
Find all functions $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that
\[ f(x+f(y))=y+f(x+1),\]for all $x,y \in \mathbb R$.
7 replies
Anni
May 24, 2009
HamstPan38825
2 hours ago
"pseudo-Fibonnaci" sequence
pohoatza   11
N 2 hours ago by asdf334
Source: IMO Shortlist 2006, Algebra 3
The sequence $c_{0}, c_{1}, . . . , c_{n}, . . .$ is defined by $c_{0}= 1, c_{1}= 0$, and $c_{n+2}= c_{n+1}+c_{n}$ for $n \geq 0$. Consider the set $S$ of ordered pairs $(x, y)$ for which there is a finite set $J$ of positive integers such that $x=\textstyle\sum_{j \in J}{c_{j}}$, $y=\textstyle\sum_{j \in J}{c_{j-1}}$. Prove that there exist real numbers $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $M$ with the following property: An ordered pair of nonnegative integers $(x, y)$ satisfies the inequality \[m < \alpha x+\beta y < M\] if and only if $(x, y) \in S$.

Remark: A sum over the elements of the empty set is assumed to be $0$.
11 replies
pohoatza
Jun 28, 2007
asdf334
2 hours ago
IMO ShortList 2001, algebra problem 4
orl   35
N 2 hours ago by HamstPan38825
Source: IMO ShortList 2001, algebra problem 4
Find all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, satisfying \[
f(xy)(f(x) - f(y)) = (x-y)f(x)f(y)
\] for all $x,y$.
35 replies
orl
Sep 30, 2004
HamstPan38825
2 hours ago
Inequality em613
oldbeginner   9
N Jun 16, 2020 by NaPrai
Source: Own
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1$ prove that
\[\frac{1}{a+b+c+3}+\frac{1}{b+c+d+3}+\frac{1}{c+d+a+3}+\frac{1}{d+a+b+3}\le\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{24}\]
9 replies
oldbeginner
Apr 20, 2013
NaPrai
Jun 16, 2020
Inequality em613
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Own
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oldbeginner
3428 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1$ prove that
\[\frac{1}{a+b+c+3}+\frac{1}{b+c+d+3}+\frac{1}{c+d+a+3}+\frac{1}{d+a+b+3}\le\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{24}\]
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Sayan
2130 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by Limerent, Adventure10, Mango247
oldbeginner wrote:
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1$ prove that
\[\frac{1}{a+b+c+3}+\frac{1}{b+c+d+3}+\frac{1}{c+d+a+3}+\frac{1}{d+a+b+3}\le\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{24}\]
By AM-GM:
\[\sum\frac1{a+b+c+3} \le \frac16\sum\frac1{\sqrt[6]{abc}}=\frac16\sum\sqrt[6]a\]
By power mean inequality we have
\[\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}4\ge a+b+c+d \ge \sqrt[6]a+\sqrt[6]b+\sqrt[6]c+\sqrt[6]d\]
Z K Y
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sqing
41050 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1.$ Prove that$$\frac1{a^4+a^3+ a^2+a}+\frac1{b^4+b^3+b ^2+b}+\frac1{c^4+c^3+c^2+c }+\frac1{d^4+d^3+d ^2+d} \ge 1  $$$$\frac1{a +1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1 }+\frac1{d+1} \ge 2\left(\frac a { a^4+3}+\frac b { b^4+3}+\frac c{ c^4+3}+\frac d{ d^4+3}\right).$$Old?
Where?
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Victoria_Discalceata1
743 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
sqing wrote:
Old?
Where?
I would try and look in Vasc's old topics because they both follow by one of his inequalities: if $x_1,x_2,...,x_n>0$ are such that $\prod\limits_{i=1}^nx_i=1$ then $\sum\limits_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}x_i^{n-k}}\ge 1$.

We have $$\frac{1}{x^4+x^3+x^2+x}\ge\frac{5}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{x^3+x^2+x+1}-\frac{1}{6}$$and $$\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{2x}{x^4+3}\ge\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{x^3+x^2+x+1}-\frac{1}{6}$$
Z K Y
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sqing
41050 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Thank you very much.
We have$$\frac{1}{x^4+x^3+x^2+x}\ge\frac{1}{(1+x^\frac{5}{2})^2}$$$$\frac1{a^4+a^3+ a^2+a}+\frac1{b^4+b^3+b ^2+b}+\frac1{c^4+c^3+c^2+c }+\frac1{d^4+d^3+d ^2+d} $$$$\ge\frac{1}{(1+a^\frac{5}{2})^2}+\frac{1}{(1+b^\frac{5}{2})^2}+\frac{1}{(1+c^\frac{5}{2})^2}+\frac{1}{(1+d^\frac{5}{2})^2}\ge 1  $$(Lijvzhi)
For $x_1,x_2,...,x_n>0, \prod\limits_{i=1}^nx_i=1.$ Prove that$$\sum\limits_{i=1}^n\frac1{a^4_i+a^3_i+ a^2_i+a_i} \ge \sum\limits_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{(1+a^\frac{5}{2}_i)^2} \ge 1  $$h
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sqing
41050 posts
#6
Y by
sqing wrote:
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1.$ Prove that$$\frac1{a^4+a^3+ a^2+a}+\frac1{b^4+b^3+b ^2+b}+\frac1{c^4+c^3+c^2+c }+\frac1{d^4+d^3+d ^2+d} \ge 1  $$
Let $a,b,c,d>0$ such that $a+b+c+d=4$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a^3+a^2+a+1}+\frac{1}{b^3+b^2+b+1}+\frac{1}{c^3+c^2+c+1}+\frac{1}{d^3+d^2+d+1}\geq1.$$
Z K Y
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sqing
41050 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
sqing wrote:
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1.$ Prove that$$\frac1{a^4+a^3+ a^2+a}+\frac1{b^4+b^3+b ^2+b}+\frac1{c^4+c^3+c^2+c }+\frac1{d^4+d^3+d ^2+d} \ge 1  $$$$\frac1{a +1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1 }+\frac1{d+1} \ge 2\left(\frac a { a^4+3}+\frac b { b^4+3}+\frac c{ c^4+3}+\frac d{ d^4+3}\right).$$Old?
Where?
For $a, b, c, d>0, abcd=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{a}{a^3+3}+\frac{b}{b^3+3}+\frac{c}{c^3+3}+\frac{d}{d^3+3}\le \frac{a}{3a+1}+\frac{b}{3b+1}+\frac{c}{3c+1}+\frac{d}{3d+1}\le1 $$$$\frac1{a +3}+\frac1{b+3}+\frac1{c+3 }+\frac1{d+3} \leq 1$$SXTX,(4)2020
here
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Limerent
39 posts
#10
Y by
Sayan wrote:
By power mean inequality we have
\[\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}4\ge a+b+c+d \ge \sqrt[6]a+\sqrt[6]b+\sqrt[6]c+\sqrt[6]d\]

How did you get $a+b+c+d \ge \sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}+\sqrt[6]{c}+\sqrt[6]{d}$?
Z K Y
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sqing
41050 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
For $a, b, c, d>0,$ prove that
$$\frac{ab}{(s-c)(s-d)}+\frac{ac}{(s-b)(s-d)}+\frac{ad}{(s-b)(s-c)}+\frac{bc}{(s-a)(s-d)}+\frac{bd}{(s-a)(s-c)}+\frac{cd}{(s-a)(s-b)}\leq\frac{2}{3}$$W here $s=a+b+c+d.$
SXTX,(5)2020
ZDSX,(11)2020
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NaPrai
433 posts
#12
Y by
Limerent wrote:
Sayan wrote:
By power mean inequality we have
\[\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}4\ge a+b+c+d \ge \sqrt[6]a+\sqrt[6]b+\sqrt[6]c+\sqrt[6]d\]

How did you get $a+b+c+d \ge \sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}+\sqrt[6]{c}+\sqrt[6]{d}$?

By Power-mean and AM-GM, we have $$\sum_{cyc}a \ge \frac{1}{4^5}\left(\sum_{cyc}\sqrt[6]{a}\right)^6 \ge \sum_{cyc}\sqrt[6]{a}$$
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