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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Rioplatense 2022 - Level 3 - Problem 3
407420   3
N 22 minutes ago by alfonsoramires
Let $n$ be a positive integer. Given a sequence of nonnegative real numbers $x_1,\ldots ,x_n$ we define the transformed sequence $y_1,\ldots ,y_n$ as follows: the number $y_i$ is the greatest possible value of the average of consecutive terms of the sequence that contain $x_i$. For example, the transformed sequence of $2,4,1,4,1$ is $3,4,3,4,5/2$.
Prove that
a) For every positive real number $t$, the number of $y_i$ such that $y_i>t$ is less than or equal to $\frac{2}{t}(x_1+\cdots +x_n)$.
b) The inequality $\frac{y_1+\cdots +y_n}{32n}\leq \sqrt{\frac{x_1^2+\cdots +x_n^2}{32n}}$ holds.
3 replies
407420
Dec 6, 2022
alfonsoramires
22 minutes ago
Inequality with a,b,c
GeoMorocco   1
N 39 minutes ago by Sedro
Source: Morocco Training
Let $a,b,c$ be positive real numbers. Prove that:
$$\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3}+\sqrt[3]{b^3+c^3}+\sqrt[3]{c^3+a^3}\geq \sqrt[3]{2}(a+b+c)$$
1 reply
GeoMorocco
4 hours ago
Sedro
39 minutes ago
pairwise coprime sum gcd
InterLoop   23
N an hour ago by TestX01
Source: EGMO 2025/1
For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < \dots < c_m$ be all the positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \ge 3$ such that
$$\gcd(N, c_i + c_{i+1}) \neq 1$$for all $1 \le i \le m - 1$.
23 replies
InterLoop
Yesterday at 12:34 PM
TestX01
an hour ago
problem 5
termas   73
N an hour ago by zuat.e
Source: IMO 2016
The equation
$$(x-1)(x-2)\cdots(x-2016)=(x-1)(x-2)\cdots (x-2016)$$is written on the board, with $2016$ linear factors on each side. What is the least possible value of $k$ for which it is possible to erase exactly $k$ of these $4032$ linear factors so that at least one factor remains on each side and the resulting equation has no real solutions?
73 replies
termas
Jul 12, 2016
zuat.e
an hour ago
No more topics!
Angle bissector
pbornsztein   11
N Mar 17, 2023 by PNT
Source: French TST 2004 pb.2; German contest (Bundeswettbewerb) 2003, 1st round
Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram. Let $M$ be a point on the side $AB$ and $N$ be a point on the side $BC$ such that the segments $AM$ and $CN$ have equal lengths and are non-zero. The lines $AN$ and $CM$ meet at $Q$.
Prove that the line $DQ$ is the bisector of the angle $\measuredangle ADC$.

Alternative formulation. Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram. Let $M$ and $N$ be points on the sides $AB$ and $BC$, respectively, such that $AM=CN\neq 0$. The lines $AN$ and $CM$ intersect at a point $Q$.
Prove that the point $Q$ lies on the bisector of the angle $\measuredangle ADC$.
11 replies
pbornsztein
May 25, 2004
PNT
Mar 17, 2023
Angle bissector
G H J
Source: French TST 2004 pb.2; German contest (Bundeswettbewerb) 2003, 1st round
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pbornsztein
3004 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram. Let $M$ be a point on the side $AB$ and $N$ be a point on the side $BC$ such that the segments $AM$ and $CN$ have equal lengths and are non-zero. The lines $AN$ and $CM$ meet at $Q$.
Prove that the line $DQ$ is the bisector of the angle $\measuredangle ADC$.

Alternative formulation. Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram. Let $M$ and $N$ be points on the sides $AB$ and $BC$, respectively, such that $AM=CN\neq 0$. The lines $AN$ and $CM$ intersect at a point $Q$.
Prove that the point $Q$ lies on the bisector of the angle $\measuredangle ADC$.
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Valentin Vornicu
7301 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $P$ be the intersection point between $AN$ and $CM$, and let $AN$ intersect $CD$ in $Q$ (I supposed that $AB<BC$, otherwise we switch letters, but it's the same proof).
Then $DP$ is the interior angle bisector if and only if (the bisector theorem)
\[ \frac{ AP}{PQ} = \frac{AD}{DQ} \quad (1)  \]
But the triangles $AMP$ and $QPC$ are similar, thus
\[ \frac{AP}{PQ} = \frac{AM}{CQ} = \frac{CN} {CQ } = \frac{AD}{DQ} \] where the last equality is derived from Thales for the triangle $QAD$ and the parallel $CN$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Valentin Vornicu, Oct 13, 2005, 12:17 PM
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pbornsztein
3004 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Adventure10, Mango247
You have one more...You are sharp :D
I wonder : Do you Valentin would be agree to participate to IMO as a french candidate :D ?

Pierre.
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Valentin Vornicu
7301 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I can't, I'm over the age limit :P, and when I had the limit I represented Romania :D
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pbornsztein
3004 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Pfffff.....really too bad.... :D

Pierre.
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darij grinberg
6555 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Valentin Vornicu wrote:
(good thing Darij isn't awake now, so I can post first :P:P)

Actually, I was awake but I am currently not too active on the forum since I'm at the Oberwolfach IMO training seminar. (We are actually forbidden to use Internet at all, but nobody cares.)

The problem was posed on the first round of the BWM 2003. I had solved it in December 2002, but to that time I was not yet "the" synthetic geometer I am now, and I solved it using the Sine Law... so, Valentin, your solution is better. See also the synthetic solutions at the official Bundeswettbewerb website, http://bundeswettbewerb-mathematik.de/aufgaben/aufgaben.htm#Loesungen Loesungen 2003.1 (in German).

Darij
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math_sipo
75 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
i v got the sam sol that posted valentin :)
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grobber
7849 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
pbornsztein wrote:
Alternative formulation. Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram. Let $M$ and $N$ be points on the sides $AB$ and $BC$, respectively, such that $AM=CN\neq 0$. The lines $AN$ and $CM$ intersect at a point $Q$.
Prove that the point $Q$ lies on the bisector of the angle $\measuredangle ADC$.

We can always use a homographic transformation :D:

The map $M\mapsto N$ is homographic between the lines $AB,CB$ (with points $A,C$ considered as origins on these lines respectively). The locus of the point $Q$ is then determined by any three points on this locus. We can choose the cases when $Q$ lies on $CB,AB$ and the line at infinity. These cases are solved easily and we find that $Q$ lies on the desired bisector.

This is totally overkill, so I'll definitely think about it a bit longer :).
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rustam
348 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
the easist is mine: only use the law of sines for 4 triangels
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shobber
3498 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Here is my proof:
Let $P$ be the intersection of $PQ$ and $AC$. Then:
$\frac{AP}{CP}=\frac{\triangle{ADQ}}{\triangle{CDQ}}=\frac{\triangle{ADQ}}{\triangle{CNQ}}\cdot\frac{\triangle{CNQ}}{\triangle{AMQ}}\cdot\frac{\triangle{AMQ}}{\triangle{CDQ}}$
$=\frac{AD\cdot AQ}{CN \cdot QN}\cdot \frac{CQ \cdot QN}{AQ\cdot MQ}\cdot \frac{AM\cdot QM}{CQ \cdot MQ}$
$=\frac{AD}{CD}$.

Cheers! :D
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Tafi_ak
309 posts
#12
Y by
Let $X=MC\cap AD$. Notice that $\triangle XAM\sim\triangle XDC$, $\triangle XAQ\sim\triangle CNQ$. So \[ \frac{XQ}{QC}=\frac{XA}{CN}=\frac{XA}{AM}=\frac{XD}{DC} \]Now done by angle bisector theorem.
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PNT
320 posts
#14
Y by
Let $P=DQ\cap AB$ we show $AP=AD$ or since $AP=AM+MP$ and $AD=BC=BN+NC$ we only need to prove $MP=BN$.
By Menelaus on $\triangle MBC$ (Points $A,Q$ and $N$ are collinear) we have $$\frac{QC}{MQ}= \frac{AB}{NB} $$Note that $\triangle QMP\sim \triangle QCD$ so $\frac{QC}{MQ} = \frac{DC}{MP} $
Therefore $MP=BN$
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This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by PNT, Mar 29, 2023, 8:53 PM
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