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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
d | \overline{aabbcc} iff d | \overline{abc} where d is two digit number
parmenides51   1
N a minute ago by luphuc
Source: Czech-Polish-Slovak Junior Match 2013, Individual p4 CPSJ
Determine the largest two-digit number $d$ with the following property:
for any six-digit number $\overline{aabbcc}$ number $d$ is a divisor of the number $\overline{aabbcc}$ if and only if the number $d$ is a divisor of the corresponding three-digit number $\overline{abc}$.

Note The numbers $a \ne 0, b$ and $c$ need not be different.
1 reply
parmenides51
Mar 14, 2020
luphuc
a minute ago
Hard inequality
JK1603JK   1
N 27 minutes ago by xytunghoanh
Source: unknown?
Let $a,b,c>0$ and $a^2+b^2+c^2=2(a+b+c).$ Find the minimum $$P=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)$$
1 reply
JK1603JK
2 hours ago
xytunghoanh
27 minutes ago
Functional Equation
JSGandora   13
N 38 minutes ago by ray66
Source: 2006 Red MOP Homework Algebra 1.2
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfying
\[f(x+f(y))=x+f(f(y))\]
for all real numbers $x$ and $y$, with the additional constraint $f(2004)=2005$.
13 replies
JSGandora
Mar 17, 2013
ray66
38 minutes ago
Impossible divisibility
pohoatza   35
N 44 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: Romanian TST 3 2008, Problem 3
Let $ m,\ n \geq 3$ be positive odd integers. Prove that $ 2^{m}-1$ doesn't divide $ 3^{n}-1$.
35 replies
pohoatza
Jun 7, 2008
cursed_tangent1434
44 minutes ago
No more topics!
cyclic quadrilateral
AndrewTom   17
N Mar 11, 2023 by yofro
Source: BrMO 2014/2015, Round 1, question 5
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $F$ be the midpoint of the arc $AB$ of its circumcircle which does not contain $C$ or $D$. Let the lines $DF$ and $AC$ meet at $P$ and the lines $CF$ and $BD$ meet at $Q$. Prove that the lines $PQ$ and $AB$ are parallel.

See here: http://www.bmoc.maths.org/home/bmo1-2015.pdf
17 replies
AndrewTom
Nov 29, 2014
yofro
Mar 11, 2023
cyclic quadrilateral
G H J
Source: BrMO 2014/2015, Round 1, question 5
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AndrewTom
12750 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $F$ be the midpoint of the arc $AB$ of its circumcircle which does not contain $C$ or $D$. Let the lines $DF$ and $AC$ meet at $P$ and the lines $CF$ and $BD$ meet at $Q$. Prove that the lines $PQ$ and $AB$ are parallel.

See here: http://www.bmoc.maths.org/home/bmo1-2015.pdf
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TelvCohl
2312 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by AndrewTom, Adventure10, Mango247
My solution:

Easy to see the tangent passing through $ F $ is parallel to $ AB $ ,
so from Pascal theorem ( for $ FFDBAC $ ) we get $ PQ \parallel AB $ .

Q.E.D
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AndrewTom
12750 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
How do we prove that the tangent passing through $F$ is parallel to $AB$?
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TelvCohl
2312 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by AndrewTom, Adventure10, Mango247
AndrewTom wrote:
How do we prove that the tangent passing through $F$ is parallel to $AB$?

Just notice $ \triangle FAB $ is an isosceles triangle ( $ FA=FB $ ) :)
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AndrewTom
12750 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Thanks, TelvCohl.

Is it obvious that if the arc lengths $AF$ and $FB$ are equal then so are the chord lengths $AF$ and $FB$ are also equal? How would we prove this?
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cobbler
2180 posts
#6 • 6 Y
Y by disneyalice710, Adventure10, Mango247, and 3 other users
No need for Pascal's theorem; remember, BMO1 problems are designed to be solved using very rudimentary tools.

Note: For brevity, I will employ the symbol < in place of $\angle$.

Refer to attached diagram.
Since arc AF=FB we have (angles subtending same arc) <ADF=<FDB=<FCA=<BCF=a (say). Furthermore letting arcAD=2m and arcBC=2n we have (angles at circumference = half angles at center) <BDC=<BAC=n and <ACD=<ABD=m. Also (angles subtending same arc) <DAC=<DFC=<DBC=x (say). Therefore, since ABCD is cyclic we have <DAB+<BCD=180, i.e. m+n+2a+x=180. We want to prove that <QPC=<BAC=n and <PQD=<ABD=m.

Claim: It suffices to prove that quadrilateral PQCD is cyclic.
Proof: If PQCD is cyclic, it would follow that <QPC+<CPD+<QCD=180, and plugging the known values of <CPD and <QCD, and solving for <QPC, yields <QPC=n. Similarly for <PQD.

But a simple angle chase shows that <DPC=<DQC=a+x, and the result follows.
Attachments:
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djmathman
7938 posts
#7 • 3 Y
Y by cobbler, Adventure10, and 1 other user
All these solutions are too complicated :P

Note that $\angle PDQ=\tfrac12\widehat{FB}=\tfrac12\widehat{AF}=\angle PCQ$, whence quadrilateral $DPQC$ is cyclic. Now $PQ$ and $AB$ are both antiparallel to $CD$, so they must be parallel to each other. Done. (This is often referred to as the converse of Reim's theorem).
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AndrewTom
12750 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Thanks. Are there other ways of answering this question?

For example, can we prove this using vectors?
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v_Enhance
6876 posts
#9 • 3 Y
Y by AndrewTom, Adventure10, Mango247
AndrewTom wrote:
For example, can we prove this using vectors?
If you really want to, complex numbers works. For let $f=1$ and $a,b,c,d$ have their usual meanings, but noting $ab=1$. Using standard formulas gives \[ p = \frac{da+dc-ac-acd}{d-ac} \text{ and } q = \frac{c+acd-ad-cd}{ac-d} \] so \[ p-q = \frac{c-ac}{d-ac} \] which is easily verified to be pure imaginary.

However, I still think the Pascal solution is the "morally correct" solution. :)
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jayme
9787 posts
#10 • 3 Y
Y by AndrewTom, Adventure10, Mango247
Dear Mathlinkers,
all the proofs are in connection with a personnal point of view...
I like the Pascal's theorem,
and also the angle technic when it is used with art...
Sincerely
Jean-Louis
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disneyalice710
20 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by AndrewTom, Adventure10, Mango247
In my point of view, I think Thales theorem is enough beautiful to use, just notice that $APD$ is similar to $BQC$, then we have: $AP$/$BQ$= $AD$/$BC$. Moreover, triangle $AXD$ and $BXC$ are similar ($X$ is the intersection of $AC$ and $BD$), which implies $AD$/$BC$= $AX$/$XB$. So, $AX$/$BX$= $AP$/$BQ$ and we have $PQ$//$AB$_
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Dexenberg
143 posts
#12 • 4 Y
Y by AndrewTom, disneyalice710, Adventure10, Mango247
disneyalice710 wrote:
In my point of view, I think Thales theorem is enough beautiful to use, just notice that $APD$ is similar to $BQC$, then we have: $AP$/$BQ$= $AD$/$BC$. Moreover, triangle $AXD$ and $BXC$ are similar ($X$ is the intersection of $AC$ and $BD$), which implies $AD$/$BC$= $AX$/$XB$. So, $AX$/$BX$= $AP$/$BQ$ and we have $PQ$//$AB$_
Or $\dfrac{BQ}{QX}=\dfrac{BC}{CX}=\dfrac{DA}{DX}=\dfrac{AP}{PX}$ using that $(DP$ and $(CQ$ are bisectors and $AXD$ and $BXC$ are similar too...
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bigs
14 posts
#13 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let G be the midpoint of arc DC. Let the lines AG and DB meet at R and the lines BG and AC meet at S. Prove that PQRS is cyclic.
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PROF65
2016 posts
#14 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Angle chase yields $\widehat{DPC}=\widehat{DAC}+\widehat{ADF},\widehat{DQC}=\widehat{DBC}+\widehat{BCF}$ then $ PQDC$ is cyclic.Let $ D',C'$ points of intersections of $ DF$ and $AB,CF$ and $AB$
$\widehat{FD'C'}=\widehat{DFA}+\widehat{FAB},\widehat{FCD}=\widehat{FCA}+\widehat{ACD}$ thus $C'D'CD$ is cyclic therefore by angle chase or Reim's theorem the result follows
WCP
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bigs
14 posts
#15 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Reim's theorem? I mean thx.
I see the angles but I don't know Reim's theory.
Maybe (use your notation) A'B'C'D' is also cyclic? And we can find some more quadrangles...
What's the reason?
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by bigs, Feb 7, 2016, 2:10 PM
Reason: Thx
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Davidng
69 posts
#16 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My solution is somewhat simple: We know ABCD is a cyclic, thus angle ABD=ACD (1), we also have PQCD is a cylic since angle PDQ=PCQ, therefore angle PQD=PCD (2). From (1) and (2) angle ABD=PQD, therefore AB//PQ
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ninhduccuong
12 posts
#17 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
because $F$ is midpoint of arc $AB$ so arc $FA$ = arc $FB$
hence $\widehat{ADF}$=$\widehat{FDB}$=$\widehat{ACF}$=$\widehat{FCB}$
so $PQCD$ is cyclic
so $\widehat{QPC}$=$\widehat{QDC}$ (1)
$ABCD$ is cyclic so $\widehat{BAC}$=$\widehat{BDC}$ (2)
from (1)(2) hence $\widehat{BAC}$=$\widehat{QPC}$
$PQ // AB$
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yofro
3148 posts
#18
Y by
Note $\frac{\widehat{CD}-\widehat{AF}}{2}=\angle CPD = \frac{\widehat{CD}-\widehat{BF}}{2} = \angle CQD\implies (CQPD)$, so done by Reim's.
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