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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Hard inequality
JK1603JK   2
N 7 minutes ago by sqing
Source: unknown?
Let $a,b,c>0$ and $a^2+b^2+c^2=2(a+b+c).$ Find the minimum $$P=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)$$
2 replies
JK1603JK
5 hours ago
sqing
7 minutes ago
The antipolar lines with respect to a fixed point of a pencil of conics
lxhoanghsgs   1
N 20 minutes ago by Ritwin
Source: Well-known online.
The following problem is well-known online, but as far as I am aware of, there is no synthetic proof of this result. Should anybody know about this result, please give me more information on this (e.g., names of the theorems (if any), or proofs). Thank you in advance!

"Suppose that $A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4$ are four given points on the plane, so that no three of them are collinear. Let $S$ be the set of conics passing through $A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4$. Consider a fixed point $P$, for each $\mathcal{C}\in S$, suppose there are distinct points $A_{\mathcal{C}}, B_{\mathcal{C}}, C_{\mathcal{C}}, D_{\mathcal{C}} \in \mathcal{C}$, so that $P\in  A_{\mathcal{C}}B_{\mathcal{C}}, P\in C_{\mathcal{C}}D_{\mathcal{C}}$. Let $l_{\mathcal{C}}$ be the line joining the intersection of $A_{\mathcal{C}}C_{\mathcal{C}}$ and $B_{\mathcal{C}}D_{\mathcal{C}}$ with the intersection of $A_{\mathcal{C}}D_{\mathcal{C}}$ and $B_{\mathcal{C}}C_{\mathcal{C}}$.

1. Prove that the definition of $l_{\mathcal{C}}$ does not depend on the choice of $A_{\mathcal{C}}, B_{\mathcal{C}}, C_{\mathcal{C}}, D_{\mathcal{C}} \in \mathcal{C}$.
2. Prove that $l_{\mathcal{C}}$ passes through a fixed point when $\mathcal{C}$ varies."

The "Generalized problem" in #2 of this post is my attempt for synthetically proving this result, using only cross-ratios and Pascal's theorem.

Sincerely,
XH
1 reply
1 viewing
lxhoanghsgs
Today at 12:06 AM
Ritwin
20 minutes ago
$$f(1+xf(y))=yf(x+y)$$
haruboy15   12
N 21 minutes ago by Blackbeam999
Find all functions : $f:\mathbb{R^+}\rightarrow \mathbb{R^+}$ such that:
\[f(1+xf(y))=yf(x+y)\]
for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R^+}$
12 replies
haruboy15
Jan 4, 2013
Blackbeam999
21 minutes ago
Interesting inequality
sqing   4
N 26 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c>0  . $ Prove that
$$\frac{a}{b}+ \frac{kb^2}{c^2} + \frac{c}{a}\geq 5\sqrt[5]{\frac{k}{16}}$$Where $ k >0. $
$$\frac{a}{b}+ \frac{16b^2}{c^2} + \frac{c}{a}\geq 5$$$$\frac{a}{b}+ \frac{ b^2}{2c^2} + \frac{c}{a}\geq \frac{5}{2} $$
4 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 1:37 PM
sqing
26 minutes ago
Inversion exercise
Assassino9931   5
N an hour ago by Haris1
Source: Balkan MO Shortlist 2024 G5
Let $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle $ABC$, $D$ be the orthogonal projection of $A$ on $BC$, $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. Let $P$ and $Q$ are points on the minor arcs $\widehat{AB}$ and $\widehat{AC}$ of the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ respectively such that $PQ \parallel BC$. Show that the circumcircles of triangles $DPQ$ and $DMN$ are tangent if and only if $M$ lies on $PQ$.
5 replies
Assassino9931
Sunday at 10:29 PM
Haris1
an hour ago
diophantine abc = 2(a + b + c) with 0<a <=b <=c
parmenides51   3
N an hour ago by Namisgood
Source: Dutch NMO 2014 p1
Determine all triples $(a,b,c)$, where $a, b$, and $c$ are positive integers that satisfy

$a \le b \le c$ and $abc = 2(a + b + c)$.
3 replies
parmenides51
Sep 7, 2019
Namisgood
an hour ago
find all functions
DNCT1   3
N an hour ago by Blackbeam999
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R^+}\rightarrow \mathbb{R^+}$ such that
$$f(2f(x)+2y)=f(2x+y)+y\quad\forall x,y,\in\mathbb{R^+} $$
3 replies
DNCT1
Oct 10, 2020
Blackbeam999
an hour ago
Cool inequality
giangtruong13   3
N an hour ago by arqady
Source: Hanoi Specialized School’s Practical Math Entrance Exam (Round 2)
Let $a,b,c$ be real positive numbers such that: $a^2+b^2+c^2=4abc-1$. Prove that: $$a+b+c \geq \sqrt{abc}+2$$
3 replies
giangtruong13
Yesterday at 4:08 PM
arqady
an hour ago
function
BuiBaAnh   12
N 2 hours ago by tom-nowy
Problem: Find all functions $f$: $Z->Z$ such that:
$f(xf(y)+f(x))=2f(x)+xy$ for all x,y E $Z$
12 replies
BuiBaAnh
Dec 26, 2014
tom-nowy
2 hours ago
IMO ShortList 2008, Number Theory problem 3
April   24
N 2 hours ago by sansgankrsngupta
Source: IMO ShortList 2008, Number Theory problem 3
Let $ a_0$, $ a_1$, $ a_2$, $ \ldots$ be a sequence of positive integers such that the greatest common divisor of any two consecutive terms is greater than the preceding term; in symbols, $ \gcd (a_i, a_{i + 1}) > a_{i - 1}$. Prove that $ a_n\ge 2^n$ for all $ n\ge 0$.

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian, Iran
24 replies
April
Jul 9, 2009
sansgankrsngupta
2 hours ago
Find points with sames integer distances as given
nAalniaOMliO   1
N 2 hours ago by Rohit-2006
Source: Belarus TST 2024
Points $A_1, \ldots A_n$ with rational coordinates lie on a plane. It turned out that the distance between every pair of points is an integer. Prove that there exist points $B_1, \ldots ,B_n$ with integer coordinates such that $A_iA_j=B_iB_j$ for every pair $1 \leq i \leq j \leq n$
N. Sheshko, D. Zmiaikou
1 reply
nAalniaOMliO
Jul 17, 2024
Rohit-2006
2 hours ago
Coincide
giangtruong13   2
N 2 hours ago by giangtruong13
Source: Hanoi Specialized School's Math Test (Round 2 - Phase 1)
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid inscribed in circle $(O)$, $AD||BC, AD < BC$. Let $P$ is the symmetric point of $A$ across $BC$, $AP$ intersects $BC$ at $K$. Let $M$ is midpoint of $BC$ and $H$ is orthocenter of triangle $ABC$. On $BD$ take a point $F$ so that $AF||HM$. Prove that: $ FK,AC,PD$ coincide
2 replies
giangtruong13
Sunday at 4:05 PM
giangtruong13
2 hours ago
Interesting number theory
giangtruong13   3
N 2 hours ago by giangtruong13
Source: Hanoi Specialized School’s Practical Math Entrance Exam (Round 2)
Let $a,b$ be integer numbers $\geq 3$ satisfy that:$a^2=b^3+ab$. Prove that:
a) $a,b$ are even
b) $4b+1$ is a perfect square number
c) $a$ can’t be any power $\geq 1$ of a positive integer number
3 replies
giangtruong13
Yesterday at 4:15 PM
giangtruong13
2 hours ago
Arbitrary point on BC and its relation with orthocenter
falantrng   22
N 2 hours ago by Rotten_
Source: Balkan MO 2025 P2
In an acute-angled triangle \(ABC\), \(H\) be the orthocenter of it and \(D\) be any point on the side \(BC\). The points \(E, F\) are on the segments \(AB, AC\), respectively, such that the points \(A, B, D, F\) and \(A, C, D, E\) are cyclic. The segments \(BF\) and \(CE\) intersect at \(P.\) \(L\) is a point on \(HA\) such that \(LC\) is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle \(PBC\) at \(C.\) \(BH\) and \(CP\) intersect at \(X\). Prove that the points \(D, X, \) and \(L\) lie on the same line.

Proposed by Theoklitos Parayiou, Cyprus
22 replies
falantrng
Sunday at 11:47 AM
Rotten_
2 hours ago
More cyclic quads and perpendiculars
Centy   6
N Jul 5, 2022 by ThePingu
Source: UK FST1 2006 - Question 1
Let $E$ be the intersection of the diagonals of the cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. Let $F$ and $G$ denote the respective midpoints of the sides $AB$ and $CD$. Prove that the line through $G$ which is perpendicular to $AC$, the line through $F$ which is perpendicular to $BD$ and the line through $E$ which is perpendicular to $AD$ are concurrent.
6 replies
Centy
Apr 12, 2006
ThePingu
Jul 5, 2022
More cyclic quads and perpendiculars
G H J
Source: UK FST1 2006 - Question 1
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Centy
260 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $E$ be the intersection of the diagonals of the cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. Let $F$ and $G$ denote the respective midpoints of the sides $AB$ and $CD$. Prove that the line through $G$ which is perpendicular to $AC$, the line through $F$ which is perpendicular to $BD$ and the line through $E$ which is perpendicular to $AD$ are concurrent.
Z K Y
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Arne
3660 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I don't think we really need $F$ and $G$ to be the midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$, I think the fact that $BF/AB = CG/CD$ is sufficient (so that's a more general condition). Am I right? (I'll post my solution later.)
Z K Y
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Centy
260 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Yes, you are indeed correct. The midpoint condition was unnecessary but it does make the question a little easier.
Z K Y
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xirti
607 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Hints:

Click to reveal hidden text
Z K Y
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Arne
3660 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My solution is quite different, I think.

(In my case the midpoint thingie didn't really make things easier. I was confused for a while about the midpoints, in fact.)

So, supposethat $F$ and $G$ are points on $AB$ and $CD$ such that $BF/AB = CG/CD$. Let $H$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $F$ to $BD$ and let $I$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $G$ to $AC$. Let $FH$ and $GI$ intersect at $S$. We only need to show that $SE \perp AD$. Notice that triangles $BHF$ and $CIG$ are similar. Hence we have (using similarity of triangles) that $BH/CI = BF/CG = AB/CD = BE/CE$. This implies that $BC \parallel HI$. Using the fact that $SHEI$ is cyclic, we get $\angle HSE = \angle HIE = \angle BCE = \angle BCA = \angle BDA$. The result follows. $\blacksquare$
Z K Y
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Centy
260 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Essentially the solution is all about similar triangles along $BD$ and $AC$. So your solutions aren't too different.

Here $X$ is the foot of the perpendicular on $BC$ from $F$ and $Y$ is the foot of the perpendicular on $AD$ from $G$. And $Z$ being the foot of the perpendicular from $E$ to $AD$. $FX$ and $GY$ cross at $P$.

The official solution talked about showing $AXYD$ is cyclic and angle chasing to get $\angle DEZ = \angle XEP$ showing $Z, E, P$ collinear.

I did something a little less elegant and showed the orthocentre $H$ of $\triangle AED$ was collinear to $E$ and $P$ because I did not spot the nice angle chase at the end and left everything to ratios of lengths along $AC$ and $BD$.

Still quite a nice, easy geometry question which a fair number of us got out eventually.
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ThePingu
30 posts
#7
Y by
Here's my solution which seems to be a little different from others.

Solution

Someone please check my solution :).

Regards,
ThePingu
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