Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
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[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Quad formed by orthocenters has same area (all 7's!)
v_Enhance   37
N 13 minutes ago by lpieleanu
Source: USA January TST for the 55th IMO 2014
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral, and let $E$, $F$, $G$, and $H$ be the midpoints of $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, and $DA$ respectively. Let $W$, $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be the orthocenters of triangles $AHE$, $BEF$, $CFG$ and $DGH$, respectively. Prove that the quadrilaterals $ABCD$ and $WXYZ$ have the same area.
37 replies
v_Enhance
Apr 28, 2014
lpieleanu
13 minutes ago
USAMO 2002 Problem 3
MithsApprentice   20
N an hour ago by Mathandski
Prove that any monic polynomial (a polynomial with leading coefficient 1) of degree $n$ with real coefficients is the average of two monic polynomials of degree $n$ with $n$ real roots.
20 replies
MithsApprentice
Sep 30, 2005
Mathandski
an hour ago
NT equations make a huge comeback
MS_Kekas   3
N an hour ago by RagvaloD
Source: Ukrainian Mathematical Olympiad 2024. Day 1, Problem 11.1
Find all pairs $a, b$ of positive integers, for which

$$(a, b) + 3[a, b] = a^3 - b^3$$
Here $(a, b)$ denotes the greatest common divisor of $a, b$, and $[a, b]$ denotes the least common multiple of $a, b$.

Proposed by Oleksiy Masalitin
3 replies
MS_Kekas
Mar 19, 2024
RagvaloD
an hour ago
functional equation interesting
skellyrah   8
N 2 hours ago by BR1F1SZ
find all functions IR->IR such that $$xf(x+yf(xy)) + f(f(x)) = f(xf(y))^2  + (x+1)f(x)$$
8 replies
skellyrah
Yesterday at 8:32 PM
BR1F1SZ
2 hours ago
No more topics!
Easy problem from kyiv festival
rogue   6
N Mar 23, 2012 by TheStrayCat
Source: 5-th Kyiv math festival, 2006
See all the problems from 5-th Kyiv math festival here


Triangle $ABC$ and straight line $l$ are given at the plane. Construct using a compass and a ruler the straightline which is parallel to $l$ and bisects the area of triangle $ABC.$
6 replies
rogue
May 14, 2006
TheStrayCat
Mar 23, 2012
Easy problem from kyiv festival
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Source: 5-th Kyiv math festival, 2006
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rogue
554 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
See all the problems from 5-th Kyiv math festival here


Triangle $ABC$ and straight line $l$ are given at the plane. Construct using a compass and a ruler the straightline which is parallel to $l$ and bisects the area of triangle $ABC.$
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yetti
2643 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Lines dividing the triangle area in half are tangent to 3 hyperbolic segments, each having 2 triangle side lines as asyptotes, and each touching 2 medians at their midpoints, the 2 medians not passing through the intersection of asymptotes. First, draw 3 lines parallel to the given line through the triangle vertices. One of these lines goes through the triangle interior. Eliminate the hyperbola having the intersection of asymptotes at this vertex. The focal points of the remaining hyperbolas are particulary easy to construct, when the triangle $\triangle ABC$ is projected by a parallel projection into an isosceles right triangle $\triangle A'B'C'$ with the angle $\angle A' = 90^\circ.$ One focal point of the normal hyperbola with the asymptotes A'B', A'C' is the midpoint F of B'C', the other one a reflection F' of F in A'. One hyperbola vertex is on the ray A'F at $A'V = A'F \frac{\sqrt 2}{2}$, the other is a reflection V' of V in A'. Circle (A') centered at A' and with radius A'V = A'V' is the hyperbola pedal circle. A normal to the line $l'$ (obtained from $l$ by the used parallel projection) through the focus F meets the pedal circle (A') at points P, Q. Parallels to $l'$ through P, Q are hyperbola tangents. One is tangent to the other hyperbola branch and it does not cut the triangle at all. If the other one touches the hyperbola branch passing through the triangle $\triangle A'B'C'$ on the hyperbolic segment MN, where M, N are midpoints of B'- and C'- medians (i.e., the constructed parallel to $l'$ intersects the segments A'B', A'C'), it divides in half the triangle area.
Attachments:
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TheStrayCat
161 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My solution is somewhat easier. :)
It isn't difficult to prove that for at least one of the vertices (for example, $ B$) the line passing through this vertice and parallel to $ l$ contains points within the triangle and divides it into two parts. Let $ T$ be the point of intersection of this line and $ AC$, we assume that $ AT > TC$ (if $ AT = TC$ everything is clear), also let $ l_1$ be the line we need to construct.
Denote by $ X$ and $ Y$ the points of intersection $ l_1$ with $ AB$ and $ AC$ respectively. Apparently, $ 2*AX*AY = AB*AC$ and $ \frac {AX}{AY} = \frac {AB}{AT}$. Multiplying these two equations, we obtain $ 2AX^2 = \frac {AB^2 *AC}{AT}$, whence we can easily construct the length of $ AX$ and the line $ l_1$ therefore.
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SCP
1502 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
BlackMax wrote:
We obtain $ 2AX^2 = \frac {AB^2 *AC}{AT}$, whence we can easily construct the length of $ AX$ and the line $ l_1$ therefore.

I suppose we first make a way to construct the lengt of $AX$ at some way, but how would you place it parallel with $l_1$, can you write out your solution complete, so we can see if it is simpler?
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TheStrayCat
161 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
SCP wrote:
I suppose we first make a way to construct the lengt of $AX$ at some way, but how would you place it parallel with $l_1$, can you write out your solution complete, so we can see if it is simpler?

What exactly are you interested in, the way I construct $X$ or how to draw a parallel line? The latter is trivial when the line and one point is given. As to expressing $AX$, we know it equals $AX=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}AB\sqrt {\frac{AC}{AT}}$. Since we know how to construct a proportional segment if three others are given, and how to construct the geometrical mean, we rewrite the needed expression as $\frac{\sqrt{AB*AC}\sqrt{AB*AT}}{AT}$ and after a chain of transformations obtain a segment equivalent to $AX$.
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SCP
1502 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
BlackMax wrote:
$AX=\frac{\sqrt{AB*AC}\sqrt{AB*AT}}{AT}$

Yes, all you wrote, I agree, but you always tell, you can construct the length easily:
so you can construct length $\sqrt{AB*AC}$ and similar at an easy way (I don't know, but seems it will have an easy way, but how?) and how do you finish a length $xy/z$ if $x,y,z$ are already constructed?
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TheStrayCat
161 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
SCP wrote:
BlackMax wrote:
$AX=\frac{\sqrt{AB*AC}\sqrt{AB*AT}}{AT}$

Yes, all you wrote, I agree, but you always tell, you can construct the length easily:
so you can construct length $\sqrt{AB*AC}$ and similar at an easy way (I don't know, but seems it will have an easy way, but how?) and how do you finish a length $xy/z$ if $x,y,z$ are already constructed?

For example, if we have two segments with lengths $a$ and $b$, we can take another segment $AC=a+b$, the point $B$ on it such that $AB=a$, $BC=b$. Then by using $AC$ as the diameter to draw a circle containing $A$ and $C$ and intersecting it with a straight line through $B$ perpendicular to $AC$, we'll get two segments $\sqrt{ab}$ units long.

The second one uses the intercept theorem and drawing a parallel line through a given point.

Would I be at the contest writing the solution, I'd mention how they are obtained, just to stay on the safe side, but here I suppose that any user with basic experience in solving construction problems outside a school textbook must be familiar with common auxilliary lemmas.
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