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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
IMO ShortList 2002, algebra problem 3
orl   25
N 14 minutes ago by Mathandski
Source: IMO ShortList 2002, algebra problem 3
Let $P$ be a cubic polynomial given by $P(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d$, where $a,b,c,d$ are integers and $a\ne0$. Suppose that $xP(x)=yP(y)$ for infinitely many pairs $x,y$ of integers with $x\ne y$. Prove that the equation $P(x)=0$ has an integer root.
25 replies
orl
Sep 28, 2004
Mathandski
14 minutes ago
Inequality on APMO P5
Jalil_Huseynov   41
N 18 minutes ago by Mathandski
Source: APMO 2022 P5
Let $a,b,c,d$ be real numbers such that $a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=1$. Determine the minimum value of $(a-b)(b-c)(c-d)(d-a)$ and determine all values of $(a,b,c,d)$ such that the minimum value is achived.
41 replies
Jalil_Huseynov
May 17, 2022
Mathandski
18 minutes ago
APMO 2016: one-way flights between cities
shinichiman   18
N 32 minutes ago by Mathandski
Source: APMO 2016, problem 4
The country Dreamland consists of $2016$ cities. The airline Starways wants to establish some one-way flights between pairs of cities in such a way that each city has exactly one flight out of it. Find the smallest positive integer $k$ such that no matter how Starways establishes its flights, the cities can always be partitioned into $k$ groups so that from any city it is not possible to reach another city in the same group by using at most $28$ flights.

Warut Suksompong, Thailand
18 replies
shinichiman
May 16, 2016
Mathandski
32 minutes ago
Circles intersecting each other
rkm0959   9
N 38 minutes ago by Mathandski
Source: 2015 Final Korean Mathematical Olympiad Day 2 Problem 6
There are $2015$ distinct circles in a plane, with radius $1$.
Prove that you can select $27$ circles, which form a set $C$, which satisfy the following.

For two arbitrary circles in $C$, they intersect with each other or
For two arbitrary circles in $C$, they don't intersect with each other.
9 replies
rkm0959
Mar 22, 2015
Mathandski
38 minutes ago
No more topics!
Something nice
KhuongTrang   33
N May 7, 2025 by NguyenVanHoa29
Source: own
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
33 replies
KhuongTrang
Nov 1, 2023
NguyenVanHoa29
May 7, 2025
Something nice
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: own
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Nov 19, 2023, 11:59 PM
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mihaig
7367 posts
#2
Y by
Beauty. But difficult
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#19 • 5 Y
Y by MihaiT, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Non sense post.
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#31 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Something not relevant
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arqady
30252 posts
#32 • 1 Y
Y by teomihai
KhuongTrang wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$a\sqrt{bc+1}+b\sqrt{ca+1}+c\sqrt{ab+1}\ge 2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
Because $$\sum_{cyc}a\sqrt{bc+1}=\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2bc+a^2+2ab\sqrt{(bc+1)(ac+1)}}\geq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2+2ab)}=a+b+c\geq2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by arqady, Nov 19, 2023, 6:25 AM
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#34 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Something not relevant
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sqing
42198 posts
#35
Y by
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{a+b+abc}+\sqrt{b+c+abc}+\sqrt{c+a+abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#43 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Something not relevant
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#59 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+bc}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+ca}{b+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{c+1}}\le 1+\sqrt{2}. }$$
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mudok
3379 posts
#60 • 1 Y
Y by arqady
arqady wrote:
KhuongTrang wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$a\sqrt{bc+1}+b\sqrt{ca+1}+c\sqrt{ab+1}\ge 2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
Because $$\sum_{cyc}a\sqrt{bc+1}=\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2bc+a^2+2ab\sqrt{(bc+1)(ac+1)}}\geq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2+2ab)}=a+b+c\geq2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
We can directly use: $\sum a\sqrt{bc+1}\ge \sum a$ :lol:
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#65 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{15a+1} +\sqrt{15b+1} +\sqrt{15c+1}\ge 3\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{1+2(ab+bc+ca)}. }$$
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arqady
30252 posts
#66
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{15a+1} +\sqrt{15b+1} +\sqrt{15c+1}\ge 3\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{1+2(ab+bc+ca)}. }$$
Holder with $(3a+1)^3$ and $uvw$.
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#72 • 5 Y
Y by ehuseyinyigit, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+bc}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+ca}{b+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{c+1}}\le 1+\sqrt{2}. }$$

Problem. Given non-negative real numbers satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b+1}}\le 2\sqrt{a+b+c}. }$$Equality holds iff $a=b=1,c=0$ or $a=b\rightarrow 0,c\rightarrow +\infty$ and any cyclic permutations.
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arqady
30252 posts
#73
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given non-negative real numbers satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b+1}}\le 2\sqrt{a+b+c}. }$$Equality holds iff $a=b=1,c=0$ or $a=b\rightarrow 0,c\rightarrow +\infty$ and any cyclic permutations.
Because $$\sum_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}\leq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a+b)\sum_{cyc}\frac{1}{c+1}}\leq2\sqrt{a+b+c}.$$:-D
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bellahuangcat
253 posts
#74
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$

what why does that look so easy and difficult at the same time lol
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ehuseyinyigit
837 posts
#75
Y by
That's the beauty of it
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bellahuangcat
253 posts
#76
Y by
ehuseyinyigit wrote:
That's the beauty of it

yeah ig
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arqady
30252 posts
#78
Y by
sqing wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{a+b+abc}+\sqrt{b+c+abc}+\sqrt{c+a+abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
The following inequality is also true.
Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be non-negative numbers such that $ab+ac+bc=1$. Prove that:
$$\sqrt{a+b+\frac{13}{14}abc}+\sqrt{b+c+\frac{13}{14}abc}+\sqrt{c+a+\frac{13}{14}abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#83 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=3.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}(ab+bc+ca)+5}\ge \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}.}$$
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kiyoras_2001
678 posts
#84
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=3.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}(ab+bc+ca)+5}\ge \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}.}$$
After homogenizing and squaring it becomes
\[\sum a^2+8\sum ab\ge 3\sum a\sum\sqrt{ab}.\]Changing \(a\to a^2, b\to b^2, c\to c^2\) it becomes a fourth degree inequality, so is linear in \(w^3\). Thus it remains to check only the cases \(c=0\) and \(b=c=1\) which is easy.
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#92 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $ab+bc+ca>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Mar 28, 2025, 1:21 AM
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jokehim
1028 posts
#93
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $a+b+c>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$

Assume that $a+b+c=1$ and set $M=a^2b+b^2c+c^2a,\ \ ab+bc+ca=q,\ \ abc=r.$ The inequality becomes$$10 M^2 - 16 M q + 12 M r - 8 q^3 + 8 q^2 - 51 q r + 63 r^2 + 10 r\ge 0$$ưhere$$\Delta_M=8 (40 q^3 - 8 q^2 + 207 q r - r (297 r + 50))<0$$which ends the proofs :D
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#94 • 4 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
#93 Could you please check your solution again, jokehim? I think this inequality is very hard to think of a proof in normal way.
Hope to see some ideas. Btw, it is obviously true by BW.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Mar 29, 2025, 12:05 AM
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jokehim
1028 posts
#95
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
#93 Could you please check your solution again, jokehim? I think this inequality is very hard to think of a proof in normal way.
Hope to see some ideas. Btw, it is obviously true by BW.
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be positive real variables with $a+b+c+2\sqrt{abc}=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{\sqrt{a+ab+b}}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}}+\frac{\sqrt{b+bc+c}}{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{c+ca+a}}{\sqrt{ca}+\sqrt{b}}\ge 3.$$Equality holds iff $a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}.$

I don't see what's wrong with my solution :|
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Nguyenhuyen_AG
3328 posts
#96
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $a+b+c>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$
We have the following estimate
\[\frac{12a(a+2b)}{4ab+bc+ca} \geqslant \frac{32a^3+3(33b+56c)a^2+3(26b^2+102bc+13c^2)a-4(4b+c)(b-2c)^2}{11[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]+51abc}.\]
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#109 • 5 Y
Y by arqady, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, TNKT
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be three non-negative real numbers with $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{\sqrt{b+c}}{a+\sqrt{bc+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{c+a}}{b+\sqrt{ca+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b}}{c+\sqrt{ab+1}}\ge \sqrt{2(a+b+c)}.$$When does equality hold?
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#113 • 4 Y
Y by NguyenVanHoa29, JK1603JK, Zuyong, TNKT
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be three non-negative real numbers with $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{9-8ab}+\sqrt{9-8bc}+\sqrt{9-8ca}\ge 7.$$When does equality hold?
See also MSE
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by KhuongTrang, May 3, 2025, 2:59 AM
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arqady
30252 posts
#114
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be three non-negative real numbers with $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{9-8ab}+\sqrt{9-8bc}+\sqrt{9-8ca}\ge 7.$$When does equality hold?
It's known.
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NguyenVanHoa29
9 posts
#115
Y by
Does mixing variables technique help here, dear arqady?
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arqady
30252 posts
#116
Y by
NguyenVanHoa29 wrote:
Does mixing variables technique help here, dear arqady?
Yes, of course! It was my first solution.
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KhuongTrang
731 posts
#117 • 3 Y
Y by NguyenVanHoa29, arqady, TNKT
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $ab+bc+ca>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\sqrt{\frac{4a^{2}+5(b-c)^{2}}{b^{2}+c^{2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{4b^{2}+5(c-a)^{2}}{c^{2}+a^{2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{4c^{2}+5(a-b)^{2}}{a^{2}+b^{2}}}\ge 3\sqrt{2}\cdot \sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}{ab+bc+ca}}.}$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,t,0\right)$ where $t>0.$
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NguyenVanHoa29
9 posts
#118
Y by
arqady wrote:
NguyenVanHoa29 wrote:
Does mixing variables technique help here, dear arqady?
Yes, of course! It was my first solution.

Can you show us your proof? Thanks
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arqady
30252 posts
#119
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NguyenVanHoa29 wrote:
Can you show us your proof? Thanks
See here
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NguyenVanHoa29
9 posts
#120
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May I ask how to prove the starting inequality? How does the following post link to it?
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N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a