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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
nice problem
math10   8
N 9 minutes ago by TUAN2k8
Source: BMO 2008
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $0\leq a_1\leq a_2\leq\ldots\leq a_n\leq\pi$ and $b_1,b_2,\ldots ,b_n$ are real numbers for which the following inequality is satisfied :
\[\left|\sum_{i=1}^{n} b_i\cos(ka_i)\right|<\frac{1}{k}\]
for all $ k\in\mathbb{N}$. Prove that $ b_1=b_2=\ldots =b_n=0$.
8 replies
math10
Jul 28, 2009
TUAN2k8
9 minutes ago
Sintetic geometry problem
ICE_CNME_4   6
N 13 minutes ago by ICE_CNME_4
Source: Math Gazette Contest 2025
Let there be the triangle ABC and the points E ∈ (AC), F ∈ (AB), such that BE and CF are concurrent in O.
If {L} = AO ∩ EF and K ∈ BC, such that LK ⊥ BC, show that EKL = FKL.
6 replies
ICE_CNME_4
Yesterday at 9:30 PM
ICE_CNME_4
13 minutes ago
Arbitrary point on BC and its relation with orthocenter
falantrng   30
N 13 minutes ago by Mathgloggers
Source: Balkan MO 2025 P2
In an acute-angled triangle \(ABC\), \(H\) be the orthocenter of it and \(D\) be any point on the side \(BC\). The points \(E, F\) are on the segments \(AB, AC\), respectively, such that the points \(A, B, D, F\) and \(A, C, D, E\) are cyclic. The segments \(BF\) and \(CE\) intersect at \(P.\) \(L\) is a point on \(HA\) such that \(LC\) is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle \(PBC\) at \(C.\) \(BH\) and \(CP\) intersect at \(X\). Prove that the points \(D, X, \) and \(L\) lie on the same line.

Proposed by Theoklitos Parayiou, Cyprus
30 replies
falantrng
Apr 27, 2025
Mathgloggers
13 minutes ago
sum (a^2 + b^2)/2ab + 2(ab + bc + ca)/3 >=5
parmenides51   8
N 31 minutes ago by skellyrah
Source: 2023 Greece JBMO TST p3/ easy version of Shortlist 2022 A6 https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h3099025p28018726
Let $a, b,$ and $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 3$. Prove that
$$\frac{a^2 + b^2}{2ab} + \frac{b^2 + c^2}{2bc} + \frac{c^2 + a^2}{2ca} + \frac{2(ab + bc + ca)}{3} \ge 5 $$When equality holds?
8 replies
parmenides51
May 17, 2024
skellyrah
31 minutes ago
Sum of digits is 18
Ecrin_eren   12
N 44 minutes ago by Ecrin_eren
How many 5 digit numbers are there such that sum of its digits is 18
12 replies
Ecrin_eren
Yesterday at 1:10 PM
Ecrin_eren
44 minutes ago
f_n(x)=\sum sin(nx)/n
Urumqi   3
N 2 hours ago by wh0nix
$F_n(x)=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{\sin (kx)}{k}$, prove that for all $x \in (0,\pi), F_n(x)>0$.

Thanks.
3 replies
Urumqi
Today at 2:13 AM
wh0nix
2 hours ago
AP Exam Leaks
acorn1234512   0
2 hours ago
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0 replies
acorn1234512
2 hours ago
0 replies
Inequalities
sqing   0
4 hours ago
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 ,   2a +ab + 12a bc \geq 8. $ Prove that
$$  a+  (b+c)(a+1)+\frac{4}{5}  bc \geq 4$$$$  a+  (b+c)(a+0.9996)+ 0.77  bc \geq 4$$
0 replies
sqing
4 hours ago
0 replies
Looking for users and developers
derekli   4
N 4 hours ago by derekli
Guys I've been working on a web app that lets you grind high school lvl math. There's AMCs, AIME, BMT, HMMT, SMT etc. Also, it's infinite practice so you can keep grinding without worrying about finding new problems. Please consider helping me out by testing and also consider joining our developer team! :P :blush:

Link: https://stellarlearning.app/competitive
4 replies
derekli
Today at 12:57 AM
derekli
4 hours ago
Summation
Saucepan_man02   2
N 5 hours ago by P162008
$\sum_{r=1}^{\infty}\frac{12r^2+1}{64r^6-48r^4+12r^2-1}$
2 replies
Saucepan_man02
Mar 6, 2025
P162008
5 hours ago
Geometry Basic
AlexCenteno2007   4
N 6 hours ago by giratina3
Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle such that $AC=BC$. Let $P$ be a dot on the $AC$ side.
The tangent to the circumcircle of $ABP$ at point $P$ intersects the circumcircle of $BCP$ at $D$. Prove that CD$ \parallel$AB
4 replies
AlexCenteno2007
Apr 28, 2025
giratina3
6 hours ago
Geometry
AlexCenteno2007   2
N 6 hours ago by AlexCenteno2007
Let ABC be an acute triangle and let D, E and F be the feet of the altitudes from A, B and C respectively. The straight line EF and the circumcircle of ABC intersect at P such that F is between E and P, the straight lines BP and DF intersect at Q. Show that if ED = EP then CQ and DP are parallel.
2 replies
AlexCenteno2007
Apr 28, 2025
AlexCenteno2007
6 hours ago
Inequalities
sqing   4
N Today at 2:47 AM by sqing
Let $ a,b \geq 0 $ and $ a-b+a^3-b^3=2  $.Prove that$$  a^2+ab+b^2 \geq 1 $$Let $ a,b \geq 0 $ and $ a+b+a^3+b^3=2  $.Prove that$$    a^2-ab+b^2  \leq 1 $$
4 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 3:02 AM
sqing
Today at 2:47 AM
2025 CMIMC team p7, rephrased
scannose   13
N Yesterday at 11:35 PM by golden_star_123
In the expansion of $(x^2 + x + 1)^{2024}$, find the number of terms with coefficient divisible by $3$.
13 replies
scannose
Apr 18, 2025
golden_star_123
Yesterday at 11:35 PM
GCD of a sequence
oVlad   7
N Apr 21, 2025 by grupyorum
Source: Romania EGMO TST 2017 Day 1 P2
Determine all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers with the following property: all of the terms of the sequence $(a^n+b^n+1)_{n\geqslant 1}$ have a greatest common divisor $d>1.$
7 replies
oVlad
Apr 21, 2025
grupyorum
Apr 21, 2025
GCD of a sequence
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Romania EGMO TST 2017 Day 1 P2
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oVlad
1742 posts
#1
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Determine all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers with the following property: all of the terms of the sequence $(a^n+b^n+1)_{n\geqslant 1}$ have a greatest common divisor $d>1.$
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kokcio
69 posts
#2
Y by
Assume that $d$ divides $a+b+1, a^2+b^2+1, a^3+b^3+1$. Then we know that $ab=\frac{(a+b)^2-(a^2+b^2)}{2}\equiv1\mod d$, so $a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)\equiv2\mod d$, so $d$ divides $2+1=3$, which means $d=3$, because we want $d>1$. But if $3$ divides $a+b+1$ and $a^2+b^2+1$, then we have to have that $a,b\equiv1\mod3$, and then obciosuly $3$ divides $a^n+b^n+1$ for all $n$. Hence, the answer is $(a,b)=(3k+1,3l+1)$ for some non-negative integers $k,l$.
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Rohit-2006
237 posts
#3
Y by
No you are wrong.....first of all if the parity of $k$ and $l$ are same then obviously your answer is wrong. Actually the answer would be $(a,b)=(1,1),(2k+1,2l),(2k,2l+1)$ I guess. Trying to prove.....
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Rohit-2006
237 posts
#4
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Now it can be solved easily.....$a=b$ case is trivial which gives us $a=b=1$....and the rest as follows
Attachments:
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kokcio
69 posts
#5
Y by
I forgot about $2$.
If $a+b$ is odd then one of this numbers has to be even and one odd and then this pair works in this problem ($d=2$ or $d=6$).
Therefore, pairs which satisfy conditions of this problem are $(2k,2l+1),(2k+1,2l),(3k+1,3l+1)$.
We will have in this cases $d\in\{2,3,6\}$.
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kokcio
69 posts
#6
Y by
Rohit-2006 wrote:
Now it can be solved easily.....$a=b$ case is trivial which gives us $a=b=1$....and the rest as follows

This is incorrect. If $a=b$, then we can have $a=b=3k+1$ and $d=3$.
Z K Y
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Rohit-2006
237 posts
#7
Y by
Oh yeah right.....wait trying tomorrow....though instead of the equality case....you can easily see that $d$ doesn't necessarily divide that part....
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Rohit-2006, Apr 21, 2025, 7:11 PM
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grupyorum
1417 posts
#8
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Let $p$ be a prime such that $p\mid a^n+b^n+1$ for $n\ge 1$. Using
\[
a^3+b^3+1 - 3ab = (a+b+1)(a^2+b^2+1-ab-a-b)
\]we get $p\mid 3ab$. Suppose first that $p\mid a$ (the case $p\mid b$ is symmetric). Then, $p\mid a+b+1$ forces $b\equiv -1\pmod{p}$ which together with $p\mid a^2+b^2+1\equiv 2\pmod{p}$ forces $p=2$. So, $(a,b)=(2k,2\ell-1),(2\ell-1,2k)$, where $k,\ell\ge 1$ are arbitrary are both solution families.

Assume now $p\nmid ab$. Then $p=3$ and $a+b\equiv 2\pmod{3}$. Since $3\nmid ab$, we must have $a\equiv b\equiv 1\pmod{3}$, giving the family $(3k+1,3\ell+1)$ where $k,\ell\ge 0$ are arbitrary.
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