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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Thursday at 11:16 PM
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Thursday at 11:16 PM
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
trigonometric functions
VivaanKam   11
N 28 minutes ago by aok
Hi could someone explain the basic trigonometric functions to me like sin, cos, tan etc.
Thank you!
11 replies
VivaanKam
Apr 29, 2025
aok
28 minutes ago
Solution needed ASAP
UglyScientist   8
N an hour ago by deltapc
$ABC$ is acute triangle. $H$ is orthocenter, $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$, $L$ is the midpoint of smaller arc $BC$. Point $K$ is on $AH$ such that, $MK$ is perpendicular to $AL$. Prove that: $HMLK$ is paralelogram(Synthetic sol needed).
8 replies
UglyScientist
5 hours ago
deltapc
an hour ago
1201 divides sum of powers
V0305   1
N an hour ago by vincentwant
(Source: me) Prove that for all positive integers $n$, $1201 \mid 2^{2^n} + 59^{2^n} + 61^{2^n}$.
1 reply
V0305
2 hours ago
vincentwant
an hour ago
BMO 2024 SL C1
GreekIdiot   11
N an hour ago by cursed_tangent1434
Let $n$, $k$ be positive integers. Julia and Florian play a game on a $2n \times 2n$ board. Julia
has secretly tiled the entire board with invisible dominos. Florian now chooses $k$ cells.
All dominos covering at least one of these cells then turn visible. Determine the minimal
value of $k$ such that Florian has a strategy to always deduce the entire tiling.
11 replies
GreekIdiot
Apr 27, 2025
cursed_tangent1434
an hour ago
Cyclic quadrilateral and a tangent
a_507_bc   6
N an hour ago by User141208
Source: IMOC 2023 G6
Triangle $ABC$ has circumcenter $O$. $D$ is the foot from $A$ to $BC$, and $P$ is apoint on $AD$. The feet from $P$ to $CA, AB$ are $E, F$, respectively, and the foot from $D$ to $EF$ is $T$. $AO$ meets $(ABC)$ again at $A'$. $A'D$ meets $(ABC)$ again at $R$. If $Q$ is a point on $AO$ satisfying $\angle ABP = \angle QBC$, prove that $D, P, T, R$ lie on acircle and $DQ$ is tangent to it.
6 replies
a_507_bc
Sep 9, 2023
User141208
an hour ago
Geometry
blug   0
an hour ago
Source: own
Let $O$ be a point inside triangle $ABC$. Let $p, q$ be lines passint trough $O, AB, AC$. We denote $K=p\cap AB, L=p\cap AC, M=q\cap AC, N=q\cap AB$. Circumcircles of $NKO$ and $MOL$ intersect at $P\ne O$. Prove that
$$\angle BAC=\angle PKL+\angle PMN.$$
0 replies
blug
an hour ago
0 replies
Random modulos
m4thbl3nd3r   5
N 2 hours ago by Drakkur
Find all pair of integers $(x,y)$ s.t $x^2+3=y^7$
5 replies
m4thbl3nd3r
Apr 7, 2025
Drakkur
2 hours ago
XZ passes through the midpoint of BK, isosceles, KX = CX, angle bisector
parmenides51   5
N 2 hours ago by Kyj9981
Source: 1st Girls in Mathematics Tournament 2019 p5 (Brazil) / Torneio Meninas na Matematica (TM^2 )
Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $AB = AC$. Let $X$ and $K$ points over $AC$ and $AB$, respectively, such that $KX = CX$. Bisector of $\angle AKX$ intersects line $BC$ at $Z$. Show that $XZ$ passes through the midpoint of $BK$.
5 replies
parmenides51
May 25, 2020
Kyj9981
2 hours ago
Interesting geometry
polarLines   5
N 2 hours ago by Mathworld314
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle of side length $2$. Point $A'$ is chosen on side $BC$ such that the length of $A'B$ is $k<1$. Likewise points $B'$ and $C'$ are chosen on sides $CA$ and $AB$. with $CB'=AC'=k$. Line segments are drawn from points $A',B',C'$ to their corresponding opposite vertices. The intersections of these line segments form a triangle, labeled $PQR$. Prove that $\Delta PQR$ is an equilateral triangle with side length ${4(1-k) \over \sqrt{k^2-2k+4}}$.
5 replies
polarLines
May 20, 2018
Mathworld314
2 hours ago
Showing that certain number is divisible by 13
BBNoDollar   3
N 2 hours ago by Shan3t
Show that 3^(n+2) + 9^(n+1) + 4^(2n+1) + 4^(4n+1) is divisible by 13 for every n natural number.
3 replies
BBNoDollar
3 hours ago
Shan3t
2 hours ago
Diophantine Equation with prime numbers and bonus conditions
p.lazarov06   10
N 2 hours ago by mathbetter
Source: 2023 Bulgaria JBMO TST Problem 3
Find all natural numbers $a$, $b$, $c$ and prime numbers $p$ and $q$, such that:

$\blacksquare$ $4\nmid c$
$\blacksquare$ $p\not\equiv 11\pmod{16}$
$\blacksquare$ $p^aq^b-1=(p+4)^c$
10 replies
+1 w
p.lazarov06
May 7, 2023
mathbetter
2 hours ago
Concurrence in Cyclic Quadrilateral
GrantStar   39
N 2 hours ago by ItsBesi
Source: IMO Shortlist 2023 G3
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with $\angle BAD < \angle ADC$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the arc $CD$ not containing $A$. Suppose there is a point $P$ inside $ABCD$ such that $\angle ADB = \angle CPD$ and $\angle ADP = \angle PCB$.

Prove that lines $AD, PM$, and $BC$ are concurrent.
39 replies
GrantStar
Jul 17, 2024
ItsBesi
2 hours ago
IMO Genre Predictions
ohiorizzler1434   22
N 2 hours ago by rhydon516
Everybody, with IMO upcoming, what are you predictions for the problem genres?


Personally I predict: predict
22 replies
ohiorizzler1434
Today at 6:51 AM
rhydon516
2 hours ago
Inequality
MathsII-enjoy   1
N 3 hours ago by arqady
A interesting problem generalized :-D
1 reply
MathsII-enjoy
4 hours ago
arqady
3 hours ago
weird permutation problem
Sedro   3
N Apr 21, 2025 by Sedro
Let $\sigma$ be a permutation of $1,2,3,4,5,6,7$ such that there are exactly $7$ ordered pairs of integers $(a,b)$ satisfying $1\le a < b \le 7$ and $\sigma(a) < \sigma(b)$. How many possible $\sigma$ exist?
3 replies
Sedro
Apr 20, 2025
Sedro
Apr 21, 2025
weird permutation problem
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Sedro
5845 posts
#1 • 1 Y
Y by KevinYang2.71
Let $\sigma$ be a permutation of $1,2,3,4,5,6,7$ such that there are exactly $7$ ordered pairs of integers $(a,b)$ satisfying $1\le a < b \le 7$ and $\sigma(a) < \sigma(b)$. How many possible $\sigma$ exist?
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Sedro
5845 posts
#2
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Bump. $\quad$
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alexheinis
10576 posts
#3
Y by
Interesting problem, I don't see a clever solution yet. Here is an idea for a recursive computation: write a permutation $\sigma$ on $[1,n]$ as a word with $1,\cdots,n$ in some order, hence $\sigma=15243$ is a permutation on 5 symbols. We write $f(\sigma)$ for the wellness of $\sigma$ namely the amount of pairs $k<l$ that appear in the same order in the word. Here $f(\sigma)=6$.
Also we write $g(n,k)$ for the number of $\sigma\in S_n$ with wellness $k$. Hence we want to determine $g(7,7)$.

Now return to the orginal problem. Suppose we start with $k$ hence $k******$. The symbol k adds $7-k$ to the wellness hence now we count the permutations on $[1,7]\setminus \{k\}$ with wellness $k$. Since we do not consider the symbol $k$ anymore, we may as well count the number of permutations on $[1,6]$ with wellness $k$. This equals $g(6,k)$.
Hence we have $g(7,7)=\sum_{k=1}^7 g(6,k)$.
Now we can do the same again to find $g(6,k)$. If the first symbol is $i$ then it contributes $6-i$ to the wellness hence $6-i\le k\iff i\ge 6-k$. We find $g(6,k)=\sum_{i=6-k}^6 g(5,k+i-6)$. The lower bound may be $\le 0$, in that case we start counting at $i=1$. This reduces the problem to finding the numbers $g(5,k)$. Etc.

For an explicit computation it is easier to start with $g(1,k),g(2,k)$ and then work your way upwards.
Remark: the wellness counts the complement of the number of inversions.
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Sedro
5845 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by KevinYang2.71
@above, I explored the recursive approach somewhat but I found it very computationally intensive. Here is a fairly slick solution that depends heavily on the numbers chosen in the problem statement but to my knowledge does not generalize nicely.

We proceed with a constructive approach and finish by using generating functions and an ROU filter. The key is to note that we can characterize any permutation $\sigma$ of $1,2,3,4,5,6,7$ by a unique $7$-tuple of integers $(a_1,\dots, a_7)$ such that $0\le a_i < 7-i$ for all valid $i$, where each $a_i$ represents the number of pairs of integers $1\le i < j \le 7$ satisfying $\sigma(i) < \sigma(j)$. Thus, we seek the number of $7$-tuples $(a_1,\dots, a_7)$ such that $0\le a_i < 7-i$ for all valid $i$ and $a_1+\cdots + a_7 = 7$.

Now, we phrase this quantity in terms of generating functions -- we want the coefficient of $x^7$ in the expansion of $g(x) = (1)(1+x)\cdots (1+x+\cdots +x^6)$. But notice that $e^{2\pi i /7}$ is a root of $g(x)$. Hence, the sum of the coefficients of the terms of $g(x)$ with degree divisible by $7$ is $\tfrac{1}{7}\cdot g(1) = 720$. Observe that the coefficients of $x^0$ and $x^{21}$ are trivially each $1$, and the coefficients of $x^{7}$ and $x^{14}$ are equal due to symmetry. Thus, the coefficient of $x^7$ is simply $\tfrac{720-2}{2} = \boxed{359}$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Sedro, Apr 21, 2025, 5:09 PM
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