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jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
Thailand MO 2025 P3
Kaimiaku   2
N a few seconds ago by lbh_qys
Let $a,b,c,x,y,z$ be positive real numbers such that $ay+bz+cx \le az+bx+cy$. Prove that $$ \frac{xy}{ax+bx+cy}+\frac{yz}{by+cy+az}+\frac{zx}{cz+az+bx} \le \frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}$$
2 replies
2 viewing
Kaimiaku
an hour ago
lbh_qys
a few seconds ago
Burapha integer
EeEeRUT   1
N 16 minutes ago by ItzsleepyXD
Source: TMO 2025 P1
For each positive integer $m$, denote by $d(m)$ the number of positive divisors of $m$. We say that a positive integer $n$ is Burapha integer if it satisfy the following condition
[list]
[*] $d(n)$ is an odd integer.
[*] $d(k) \leqslant d(\ell)$ holds for every positive divisor $k, \ell$ of $n$, such that $k < \ell$
[/list]
Find all Burapha integer.
1 reply
+1 w
EeEeRUT
34 minutes ago
ItzsleepyXD
16 minutes ago
Algebra inequalities
TUAN2k8   1
N 18 minutes ago by lbh_qys
Source: Own
Is that true?
Let $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$ be real numbers such that $0 \leq a_i \leq 1$ for all $1 \leq i \leq n$.
Prove that: $\sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} (a_i-a_j)^2 \leq \frac{n}{2}$.
1 reply
1 viewing
TUAN2k8
an hour ago
lbh_qys
18 minutes ago
Quadrilateral with Congruent Diagonals
v_Enhance   37
N 36 minutes ago by Ilikeminecraft
Source: USA TSTST 2012, Problem 2
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with $AC = BD$. Diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ meet at $P$. Let $\omega_1$ and $O_1$ denote the circumcircle and the circumcenter of triangle $ABP$. Let $\omega_2$ and $O_2$ denote the circumcircle and circumcenter of triangle $CDP$. Segment $BC$ meets $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ again at $S$ and $T$ (other than $B$ and $C$), respectively. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of minor arcs $\widehat {SP}$ (not including $B$) and $\widehat {TP}$ (not including $C$). Prove that $MN \parallel O_1O_2$.
37 replies
v_Enhance
Jul 19, 2012
Ilikeminecraft
36 minutes ago
No more topics!
Addition on the IMO
naman12   138
N Apr 5, 2025 by NicoN9
Source: IMO 2020 Problem 1
Consider the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$. The point $P$ is in the interior of $ABCD$. The following ratio equalities hold:
\[\angle PAD:\angle PBA:\angle DPA=1:2:3=\angle CBP:\angle BAP:\angle BPC\]Prove that the following three lines meet in a point: the internal bisectors of angles $\angle ADP$ and $\angle PCB$ and the perpendicular bisector of segment $AB$.

Proposed by Dominik Burek, Poland
138 replies
naman12
Sep 22, 2020
NicoN9
Apr 5, 2025
Addition on the IMO
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: IMO 2020 Problem 1
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AngeloChu
471 posts
#146
Y by
construct a circle around $ABP$
let it intersect $AD$ at $Q$, and $BC$ at $R$
a simple angle chase yields that $DQP=2*QAP$ and $QAP=QPA$, and $QPD=DQP$
therefore, $QDP$ is isosceles and since $QP$ is a chord, the angle bisector of $ADP$ is the perpendicular bisector of $QP$ and intersects this center of the circle $(ABP)$
similarly, the angle bisector of $BCP$ is the perpendicular bisector of $PR$ and intersects this center of the circle $(ABP)$
then, since $AB$ is a chord, it also passes through the center of the circle $(ABP)$
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Markas
150 posts
#147
Y by
Let $\angle PAD = \alpha$ and $\angle PBC = \beta$. Denote O as the circumcenter of $\triangle APB$. Now $\angle AOB = 360 - 2\angle APB = 360 - 2(180 - 2\alpha - 2\beta) = 4\alpha + 4\beta$ $\Rightarrow$

$\angle OAB = \angle OBA = \frac{180 - 4\alpha - 4\beta}{2} = 90 - 2\alpha - 2\beta$ $\Rightarrow$ $\angle OAP = \angle OAB + \angle BAP = 90 - 2\alpha - 2\beta + 2\beta = 90 - 2\alpha$. Now from AO = OP, we have that $\angle OAP = \angle OPA = 90 - 2\alpha$ $\Rightarrow$ $\angle OAD + \angle OPD = \angle OAP + \angle PAD + \angle OPA + \angle APD =  90 - 2\alpha + \alpha + 90 - 2\alpha + 3\alpha = 180^\circ$ $\Rightarrow$ AOPD is cyclic.

Since AOPD is cyclic we have that $\angle OAP = \angle ODP = 90 - 2\alpha$. Since $\angle ADP = 180 - \angle DAP - \angle APD = 180 - 4\alpha$, then $\angle ADO = 180 - 4\alpha - \angle ODP = 180 - 4\alpha - (90 - 2\alpha) = 90 - 2\alpha$ $\Rightarrow$ $\angle ADO = \angle ODP = 90 - 2\alpha$ $\Rightarrow$ DO is the angle bisector of $\angle ADP$.

Similarly we will show BOPC is cyclic. From OP = OB, $\angle OPB = \angle OBP = \angle OBA + \angle ABP = 90 - 2\alpha - 2\beta + 2\alpha = 90 - 2\beta$. Now $\angle OPC + \angle OBC = \angle OPB + \angle BPC + \angle OBP + \angle PBC = 90 - 2\beta + 3\beta +  90 - 2\beta + \beta = 180^\circ$ $\Rightarrow$ BOPC is cyclic $\Rightarrow$ $\angle OPB = \angle OCB = 90 - 2\beta$. Also $\angle PCO = \angle PCB - \angle BCO = 180 - \angle CPB - \angle CBP - \angle BCO = 180 - 3\beta - \beta - (90 - 2\beta) = 90 - 2\beta$ $\Rightarrow$ $\angle PCO = \angle BCO = 90 - 2\beta$ $\Rightarrow$ CO is the angle bisector of $\angle PCB$.

From this it follows that $DO \cap CO = O$, where DO and CO are the angle bisectors of $\angle ADP$ and $\angle PCB$, respectively. The last thing we need is, to show that the perpendicular bisector of AB passes trough O, which is obvious since O is the circumcenter of $\triangle APB$ $\Rightarrow$ the internal bisectors of angles $\angle ADP$ and $\angle PCB$ and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB meet in a point, which is explicitly O - the circumcenter of $\triangle APB$ $\Rightarrow$ we are ready.
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cj13609517288
1916 posts
#148
Y by
Let $\alpha=\angle DAP$ and $\beta=\angle CBP$. Let $\omega=(ABP)$ meet $AD$ and $BC$ again at $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, respectively. Then $\angle Q_1BP=\angle Q_1AP=\alpha$, so $BQ_1$ bisects $\angle ABP$. Thus $Q_1$ is the midpoint of arc $AP$. Thus $\angle DQ_1P=2\alpha=\angle DPQ_1$, so the angle bisector of $\angle PDA$ is just the perpendicular bisector of $Q_1P$. Similarly, the angle bisector of $\angle PCB$ is just the perpendicular bisector of $Q_2P$. These three lines clearly meet at the center of $\omega$, so we are done. $\blacksquare$
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shendrew7
796 posts
#149
Y by
Consider the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABP$, which we claim is the desired concurrency point:
  • $O$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $AB$.
  • $O$ lies on $(BCP)$, as $\measuredangle BOP = 2 \measuredangle BAP = \measuredangle CBP + \measuredangle BPC = \measuredangle BCP$. Additionally, $BO = PO$ tells us $O$ is the midpoint of arc $BP$, which means $O$ lies on the bisector of $\angle PCB$.
  • $O$ lies on the bisector of $\angle ADP$ analogously. $\blacksquare$
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peace09
5419 posts
#150 • 3 Y
Y by bjump, OronSH, LeonidasTheConquerer
One of the better things I've drawn in a while :) (Edit: Oops I forgot CO below but it should be updated in the link!)
https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/4/d/d724117e3092b7f3b8c40fc5808d6064c5ed33.png
Denote the given angles by $\alpha,2\alpha,3\alpha$ and $\beta,2\beta,3\beta$ in the order they appear; and let the bisectors of $\angle PAB$ and $\angle PBA$ meet $BC$ and $AD$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. We have:
  • $\angle PAF=\angle PBF=\alpha\implies(PABF)$
  • $\angle FAP=\angle FPA=\alpha\implies FA=FP$
  • $\angle DFP=\angle DPF=2\alpha\implies DF=DP$
and
  • $\angle PBE=\angle PAE=\beta\implies(PABE)$
  • $\angle EBP=\angle EPB=\beta\implies EB=EP$
  • $\angle CEP=\angle CPE=2\beta\implies CE=CP$.
Then, the given lines are the perpendicular bisectors of $AB$, $EP$, and $FP$, which concur at the circumcenter of $(ABEFP)$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by peace09, Jun 21, 2024, 4:11 PM
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gracemoon124
872 posts
#151 • 5 Y
Y by peace09, dolphinday, OronSH, bjump, LeonidasTheConquerer
solved with help from peace09 (: thanks for the problem rec <3

We bisect and trisect the angles that are 2x or 3x another. This is supposed to suggest another center -- the circumcenter of $\triangle ABP$, which we'll name $O$.

If we let $\angle PAD = \alpha$ and $\angle CBP = \beta$, we have \[\angle PDA = 180-4\alpha = 180 - 2\angle ABP = 180-\angle AOP.\]Similarly, $\angle BCP = 180 - \angle BOP$. This means quadrilaterals $AOPD$ and $BOPC$ are cyclic.

Because $OA=OP$, $OD$ is the angle bisector of $\angle ADP$. Similarly, $OC$ is $\angle BCP$'s bisector. Thus, the two angle bisectors intersect at $O$, which lies on the perpendicular bisector of $AB$. $\square$
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Mr.Sharkman
500 posts
#152
Y by
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle PAD.$ We claim that this works. Notice that $POAD$ and $POBC$ are cyclic. Thus, we are done.
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Eka01
204 posts
#153
Y by
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\Delta ABP$. Then easy angle chase gives us that $AOPD$ and $BOPC$ are cyclic. Due to fact $5$, this means that $O$ passes through angle bisectors of $\angle PCB$ and $\angle ADP$ as desired.
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megahertz13
3183 posts
#154
Y by
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle{ABP}$. We will show that these three lines all pass through $O$.

First, $O$ clearly lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment $AB$.

Claim: $BOPC$ and $AOPD$ are cyclic.

Note that $$\angle{BCP}=180-\angle{CBP}-\angle{BPC}=180-2\cdot\angle{BAP}=180-\angle{BOP},$$so $BOPC$ is cyclic.

Similarly, $$\angle{ADP}=180-\angle{PAD}-\angle{DPA}=180-2\angle{PBA}=180-\angle{AOP},$$so $AOPD$ is cyclic.

Since $O$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $AP$ and $(DPA)$, we have $\angle{ADO}=\angle{ODP}$. Similarly, $\angle{PCO}=\angle{OCB}$, done.
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SimplisticFormulas
116 posts
#155
Y by
A classic example of a single construction tearing the question apart.

Let the given angle bisectors meet in $X$. Construct $M$, $N$ on $BC,AD$ with $BM=MP$ and $AN=NP$. Let $O$ be the circumcentre of $\triangle ABP$. Observe that
$\angle MBP=\angle  MPB= \frac{1}{2}\angle BAP$ and $\angle CMP= \angle CPM$ so $M \in \odot(ABP)$. Similarly, $N \in \odot(ABP)$. Note that the angle bisectors of $\angle PCB$ and $\angle PDA$ are the perpendicular bisectors of $MP$, $NP$, which meet, by definition, in $O$, which lies, by definition, on the perpendicular bisector of $AB$.
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CANTBANKAN
3 posts
#156
Y by
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABP$. Angle chasing implies that $\square OPBC$ and $\square OPAD$ are cyclic. The intersection of the internal bisectors of $\angle PDA$ and $\angle PCB$ is therefore $O$, which obviously lies on the perpendicular bisector of $AB$.
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Scilyse
387 posts
#157
Y by
itslumi wrote:
What a disaster.

And here we see the convictions of someone who has no taste.
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Ilikeminecraft
637 posts
#158
Y by
Let $O = (ADP)\cap(BPC).$ We get $\angle AOP = \angle AOD + \angle DOP = \angle APD + \angle DAP = 2\angle ABP.$ Thus, $O$ is circumcenter of $(ABP).$ Clearly, $\angle ODP = \angle OAP = \angle OPA = \angle ODA$ which finishes.
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endless_abyss
47 posts
#159
Y by
Nice! This is such a satisfying problem once you identify the intersection point!
:P

Let $Q$ be the circumcentre of $B A P$, we claim that

$D Q A P$ and $C Q B P$ are concyclic.

This follows from $\angle D A P = \angle D Q P$ and $\angle P B C = \angle P Q C$

Further, note that $\angle A Q P = 2 \angle A B P$
so, $\angle A Q D = 3x$,
$\angle Q A B = 90 - 2 x - 2 y$
so, $\angle A D Q = 90 - 2x = \angle Q D P$ and in triangle $C B P$ the angle chase follows similarly, so $Q$ is the desired concurrence point.

:starwars:
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NicoN9
156 posts
#160
Y by
My solution is similar to others, but I'll post it for fun anyways.

Let the internal bisector of $\angle PAB$, $\angle PCD$ and segment $CB$, $AD$ meet at $K$, $L$, respectively.


claim. five points $P$, $A$, $B$, $K$, $L$ are concyclic.
proof. We have\[
\angle PAK=\frac{1}{2} \angle PAB=\angle CBP=\angle KBP.
\]

We claim that $CK=CP$, which follows by \[
\angle CKP=\angle KBP+\angle KPB = 2\angle KBP=\angle BPC -\angle BPK=\angle CPK.
\]similarly $DP=DL$. Now it is suffice to show that the perpendicular bisector of three segments $AB$, $PK$, $PL$ are concurrent, which is obvious by the claim.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by NicoN9, Apr 5, 2025, 1:30 AM
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