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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Interesting inequalities
sqing   4
N a minute ago by lbh_qys
Source: Own
Let $ a,b $ be real numbers . Prove that
$$-\frac{1}{12}\leq \frac{ab+a+b+1}{(a^2+3)(b^2+3)}\leq \frac{1}{4} $$$$-\frac{5}{96}\leq \frac{ab+a+b+2}{(a^2+4)(b^2+4)}\leq \frac{1}{5} $$$$-\frac{1}{16}\leq \frac{ab+a+b+1}{(a^2+4)(b^2+4)}\leq \frac{3+\sqrt 5}{32} $$$$-\frac{1}{18}\leq \frac{ab+a+b+3}{(a^2+3)(b^2+3)}\leq \frac{2+\sqrt[3] 2+\sqrt[3] {4}}{12} $$
4 replies
1 viewing
sqing
3 hours ago
lbh_qys
a minute ago
Romania National Olympiad 2014
davidmath7   1
N 6 minutes ago by sangsidhya
Let $n \in \mathbb{N} , n \ge 2$ and $ a_0,a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n \in \mathbb{C} ; a_n \not = 0 $. Then:

P. $|a_nz^n + a_{n-1}z^z{n-1} + \cdots + a_1z + a_0 | \le |a_n+a_0|$ for any $z \in \mathbb{C}, |z|=1$
Q. $a_1=a_2=\cdots=a_{n-1}=0$ and $a_0/a_n \in [0,\infty)$

Prove that $ P \Longleftrightarrow Q$
1 reply
davidmath7
Mar 22, 2018
sangsidhya
6 minutes ago
Number Theory Problem!
Dynic   0
8 minutes ago
(DTD) Find all pairs of positive number $(m,n)$ such that $m\leq n$ and exist $2n$ odd numbers $a_1,a_2,..._,a_n,b_1,b_2,...,b_n$ satisfied all conditions below:
i. $\sqrt[k]{a_1}+\sqrt[k]{a_2} + ... + \sqrt[k]{a_n} = \sqrt[k]{b_1}+\sqrt[k]{b_2} + ... + \sqrt[k]{b_m} $ for all positive number $k$
ii. $a_1 a_2...a_m = b_1 + b_2 + ... + b_n$
0 replies
Dynic
8 minutes ago
0 replies
A cyclic inequality
KhuongTrang   6
N an hour ago by arqady
Source: own-CRUX
IMAGE
Link
6 replies
KhuongTrang
Apr 2, 2025
arqady
an hour ago
No more topics!
Concurrence of angle bisectors
proglote   65
N Mar 30, 2025 by smbellanki
Source: Brazil MO #5
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $H$ is orthocenter. Let $D$ be the intersection of $BH$ and $AC$ and $E$ be the intersection of $CH$ and $AB$. The circumcircle of $ADE$ cuts the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $F \neq A$. Prove that the angle bisectors of $\angle BFC$ and $\angle BHC$ concur at a point on $BC.$
65 replies
proglote
Oct 20, 2011
smbellanki
Mar 30, 2025
Concurrence of angle bisectors
G H J
Source: Brazil MO #5
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proglote
958 posts
#1 • 6 Y
Y by Davi-8191, mathematicsy, jdong2006, Jufri, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $H$ is orthocenter. Let $D$ be the intersection of $BH$ and $AC$ and $E$ be the intersection of $CH$ and $AB$. The circumcircle of $ADE$ cuts the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $F \neq A$. Prove that the angle bisectors of $\angle BFC$ and $\angle BHC$ concur at a point on $BC.$
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Luis González
4146 posts
#2 • 12 Y
Y by proglote, ayan_mathematics_king, Naruto.D.Luffy, iceylemon157, myh2910, MatteD, jdong2006, rg_ryse, third_one_is_jerk, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Clearly, the reflection $P$ of $H$ about the midpoint $M$ of $\overline{BC}$ is the antipode of $A$ WRT $\odot(ABC).$ If $PH$ cuts $\odot(ABC)$ again at $F',$ then $\angle AF'H \equiv \angle AF'P=90^{\circ},$ i.e. $F' \in \odot(ADE)$ $\Longrightarrow$ $F \equiv F'.$ Since $MD,ME$ are tangents of $\odot(AED)$ at $D,E,$ then $FDHE$ is harmonic $\Longrightarrow$ $FE \cdot HD=FD \cdot HE,$ but $\triangle FBC$ and $\triangle FED$ are similar, due to $\angle EFD=\angle EAD=\angle BFC$ and $\angle FDE=\angle FAE=\angle FCB$ $\Longrightarrow$ $\frac{_{FB}}{^{FC}}=\frac{_{FE}}{^{FD}}=\frac{_{HE}}{^{HD}}=\frac{_{HB}}{^{HC}}$ $\Longrightarrow$ bisectors of $\angle BFC$ and $\angle BHC$ meet on $BC.$
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Zhero
2043 posts
#3 • 6 Y
Y by rg_ryse, Adventure10, Mango247, and 3 other users
Let $P_1$ and $P_2$ be the points of intersection of the angle bisectors of $\angle BFC$ and $\angle BHC$ with $BC$, respectively. Since $F$ is the Miquel point of quadrilateral $EDCB$, we have $\triangle FEB \sim \triangle FDC$, so
\[ \frac{BP_1}{P_1 C} = \frac{FB}{FC} = \frac{EB}{DC} = \frac{\frac{EB}{BC}}{\frac{DC}{BC}} = \frac{\sin \angle ECB}{\sin \angle DBC} = \frac{\sin \angle HCB}{\sin \angle HBC} = \frac{HB}{HC} = \frac{BP_2}{P_2C}, \]
so $P_1 = P_2$, as desired.
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dragon96
3212 posts
#4 • 6 Y
Y by PNT, Akkuman, Adventure10, Mango247, poirasss, and 1 other user
Let H' be the reflection of H about BC and I the foot of A on BC. We start with two lemmas:

Lemma 1: AF, DE, and BC concur at a point Q.

Note that AFED, BCDE, and ACBF are all cyclic. Use the radical axis theorem.

Lemma 2: (B,C;Q,I) is a harmonic bundle.

From Ceva's Theorem with H as concurrency point, we get:

\[ -\frac{IC}{IB} = -\frac{DA}{CD}\cdot\frac{EB}{AE} \]

Similarly, Menelaus' Theorem about Q yields:

\[ \frac{QB}{QC} = -\frac{DA}{CD}\cdot\frac{EB}{AE} \]

Hence, we have that $\frac{QB}{QC} =  -\frac{IC}{IB}$, as desired.

Proof:

Let G be the intersection point of the angle bisector of <BHC and BC. We wish to show that HC/HB = FC/FB, so the result would follow by the Angle Bisector Theorem. This is equivalent to showing that H'C/H'B = FC/FB, or that cyclic quadrilateral FBH'C is harmonic. We consider point A on its circumcircle and project the four points onto line BC. From Lemma 1, AF intersects BC at Q. Applying Lemma 2 directly gives us the desired.
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hatchguy
555 posts
#5 • 4 Y
Y by CaptainCuong, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Clearly we have $\angle FBE = \angle FBA = \angle FCA = \angle FCD$ (1)

Also $\angle EFD = \angle EAD =\angle BAC =\angle BFC$ hence we have \[ \angle CFD+ \angle EFC = \angle EFD = \angle BFC = \angle EFC + \angle BFE\] and therefore $\angle BFE = \angle CFD$ (2)

From (1) and (2) we have $\triangle BFE \sim \triangle CFD => \frac{BF}{FC} =\frac{BE}{CD}$

But clearly, since $\triangle BHE \sim \triangle CHD$ we have $\frac{BE}{CD}=\frac{BH}{CH}$ and therefore \[ \frac{BF}{FC} =\frac{BE}{CD} =\frac{BH}{CH}\] and we are done.
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sunken rock
4380 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by StanleyST, Adventure10, Mango247
As before, $H, M, P$ are respectively the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$, midpoint of $BC$ and antipode of $A$, it is well known that $F,H,M,P$ are collinear and $BPCH$ is a parallelogram.
M being the midpoint of $BC$, it follows that the triangles $\triangle FBP, \triangle FCP$ have equal areas; as $sin \angle FBP=sin \angle FCP$, we shall get $BF\cdot BP=CF\cdot PC$; from the parallelogram property, $CP=BH, BP=CH$, hence $\frac{BF}{CF}=\frac{BH}{CH}$, done.

Best regards,
sunken rock
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r1234
462 posts
#7 • 3 Y
Y by harshmishra, Adventure10, Mango247
Also there's a proof by inversion.Let $X\equiv DE\cap BC$.Now we invert this figure WRT $A$ with power $AD.AB=k^{2}$.Note that $F$ goes to $X$.So $A,F,X$ are collinear.Now $BF=\frac {k^{2}DX}{AD.AX}$ and

$CF=\frac {k^{2}EX}{AE.AX}$. This gives $\frac {FB}{FC}=\frac {AD.XE}{AE.DX}$.Let $G\equiv AH\cap DE$.Since

$(XG;ED)=-1$, so we get $\frac {FB}{FC}=\frac {AD.EG}{AE.DG}$.Now its easy to get that $\frac {AD.EG}
{AE.DG}=\frac {BH}{CH}$.Hence the result follows.
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v_Enhance
6871 posts
#8 • 13 Y
Y by Durjoy1729, FadingMoonlight, Lcz, snakeaid, HamstPan38825, jdong2006, rg_ryse, harshmishra, rayfish, crazyeyemoody907, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Note that the circumcircle of $AED$ is simply the circle with diameter $AH$. Let $R$ be the midpoint of $AH$. Then $F$ is the reflection of $A$ across $RO$ by radical axis, where $O$ is the circumcenter of $ABC$.

Now place everything on the complex plane with $o=0$. Then $r=a+\frac{b+c}{2}$ and $f=\frac{r}{\bar r}\bar a$. We need to verify that $\left|\frac{f-b}{f-c}\right|^2 = \left|\frac{h-b}{h-c}\right|^2$ or \[ (f-b)(\bar f - \bar b)(a+b)(\bar a + \bar b) = (f-c)(\bar f - \bar c)(a+c)(\bar a + \bar c) \]
We will now make the simplifying assumption that $r \in \mathbb R$; this can be done by simply rotating the triangle. Thus, $r = \bar r$ and $f = \bar a$. Now the LHS of the above is equal to \begin{align*} LHS &= (1/a-b)(a-1/b)(a+b)(1/a+1/b) \\ &= \text{kaboom} \\ &= 4-2ba-2/ba+2b/a+2a/b-b^2-1/b^2-a^2-1/a^2 \\ &= 4-a^2-1/a^2 + (2/b-2b)a+(2b-2/b)/a - (b^2+1/b^2) \end{align*} Now the fact that $r=\bar r$ can be rearranged to \[ b-1/b = 1/c - c + (2/a-2a) \] and also \[ b^2+1/b^2 = (c^2+1/c^2) + (4/a^2+4a^2-8) + (4/a-4a)(1/c - c) = (c^2+1/c^2) + (4/a^2+4a^2-8) - (4c-4/c)(1/a) - (4/c-4c)(a) \]

Finally, \begin{align*} LHS =& 4-a^2-1/a^2 + (2/b-2b)a+(2b-2/b)/a - (b^2+1/b^2) \\
 =& 4-a^2-1/a^2 + (2c-2/c+4/a-4a)a + (2/c-2c+4a-4/a)/a \\ & - (c^2+1/c^2) - (4/a^2+4a^2-8) + (c-1/c)(4/a) + (c-1/c)(4a) \\ 
=& 4-a^2-1/a^2 + ((2c-2/c)+(4/c-4c))a + ((2/c-2c)+(4c-4/c))/a \\& + (4/a-4a)a + (4a-4/a)/a - (4/a^2+4a^2-8) \\ =&  4-a^2-1/a^2 + (2/c-2c)a+(2c-2/c)/a - (c^2+1/c^2) \\ =& RHS \end{align*}
and I can now start on my English homework we are done.

(For the record, the above calculations were all done by hand.)
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SCP
1502 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
dragon96 wrote:
Hence, we have that $\frac{QB}{QC} =  -\frac{IB}{IC}$

It has to be this, you missed in the Ceva theorem.
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cnyd
394 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Here is my solution.

From the chasing angle ,we find that ; $\angle BFH=\angle HBC$ and $\angle HFC=\angle HCB$

It means $BC$ tangents of circumcircles of $\triangle BHF$ and $\triangle HFC$

Therefore,$HF$ bisects $BC$.

If we use sinus theorem in $\triangle BHC$,we find that $\frac{BH}{HC}=\frac{BF}{FC}$

The rest is obvious.
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sayantanchakraborty
505 posts
#11 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Trigo Bashing!!!

Let $\angle{ABF}=\theta$.Applying the sine rule in $\triangle{AFE}$ and $\triangle{ABF}$ we have
$\frac{AF}{sin(C+\theta-B}=2RcosA \Rightarrow \frac{sin\theta}{sinC+\theta-B}=cosA$
$\Rightarrow tan\theta=\frac{sin(B-C)}{2cosBcosC}$.
Now $\frac{BF}{CF}=\frac{sin(C+\theta)}{sin(B-\theta)}=\frac{sinC+cosCtan\theta}{sinB-cosBtan\theta}=\frac{cosB}{cosC}$.
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jayme
9775 posts
#12 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Dear Mathlinkers,
sorry, I rewrite the problem wrt the point A…

1. ABC an acute triangle
2. (O) the circumcircle of ABC
3. M the midpoint of BC
4. B’, C’ the feet of the B, C-altitudes of ABC
5. F the second point of intersection of (O) with the circumcircle of AB’C’ (F, H and M are collinear, well known)

Prove : the F, H-inner bissector of FBC, HBC intersect on BC

An outline of my proof

1. (O’) the symmetric of (O) wrt BC
2. X the midpoint of the arc BC which doesn’t contai A
3. Y the second point of intersection of the H-inner bssector of HBC with (O’)
4. by an angle chasing, we prove that F, H, X and Y are concyclic
5. by a converse of the three chords theorem, we are done…

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
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IDMasterz
1412 posts
#13 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let the reflection of $H$ on $BC$ be $H'$. By direct application of radical axis theorem, $AF, DE, BC$ concur at the harmonic conjugate of $AH \cap BC = T$ wrt $BC$, hence $BFCH'$ is an harmonic quadrilateral, and clearly the angle bisectors of $\angle BFC, \angle BH'C$ will meet at $BC$, but then again, the angle bisector of $\angle B'HC$ meets the angle bisector of $\angle BHC$ at $BC$ as well due to reflexive properties.
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SmartClown
82 posts
#14 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Deadline
By easy angle chase we get $\triangle FDB \sim \triangle FEC$ so we have $\frac{FB}{FC}=\frac{BD}{CE}=\frac{BH}{CH}$ so we are finished.
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trumpeter
3332 posts
#15 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Solution
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