Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 17"
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+ | {{duplicate|[[2021 AMC 10A Problems#Problem 17|2021 AMC 10A #17]] and [[2021 AMC 12A Problems#Problem 17|2021 AMC 12A #17]]}} | ||
+ | |||
==Problem== | ==Problem== | ||
Trapezoid <math>ABCD</math> has <math>\overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CD},BC=CD=43</math>, and <math>\overline{AD}\perp\overline{BD}</math>. Let <math>O</math> be the intersection of the diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math>, and let <math>P</math> be the midpoint of <math>\overline{BD}</math>. Given that <math>OP=11</math>, the length of <math>AD</math> can be written in the form <math>m\sqrt{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>m+n</math>? | Trapezoid <math>ABCD</math> has <math>\overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CD},BC=CD=43</math>, and <math>\overline{AD}\perp\overline{BD}</math>. Let <math>O</math> be the intersection of the diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math>, and let <math>P</math> be the midpoint of <math>\overline{BD}</math>. Given that <math>OP=11</math>, the length of <math>AD</math> can be written in the form <math>m\sqrt{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>m+n</math>? | ||
<math>\textbf{(A) }65 \qquad \textbf{(B) }132 \qquad \textbf{(C) }157 \qquad \textbf{(D) }194\qquad \textbf{(E) }215</math> | <math>\textbf{(A) }65 \qquad \textbf{(B) }132 \qquad \textbf{(C) }157 \qquad \textbf{(D) }194\qquad \textbf{(E) }215</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Diagram== | ||
+ | [[File:2021 AMC 12A Problem 17 (Revised).png|center]] | ||
+ | ~MRENTHUSIASM (by Geometry Expressions) | ||
== Solution 1 == | == Solution 1 == | ||
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~mn28407 | ~mn28407 | ||
− | ==Solution 2 ( | + | ==Solution 2 (Similar Triangles, Areas, Pythagorean Theorem)== |
− | Since <math>\triangle BCD</math> is isosceles with | + | Since <math>\triangle BCD</math> is isosceles with base <math>\overline{BD},</math> it follows that median <math>\overline{CP}</math> is also an altitude. Let <math>OD=x</math> and <math>CP=h,</math> so <math>PB=x+11.</math> |
− | |||
− | |||
− | Let the brackets denote areas. Notice that <math>[ | + | Since <math>\angle AOD=\angle COP</math> by vertical angles, we get <math>\triangle AOD\sim\triangle COP</math> by AA, from which <math>\frac{AD}{CP}=\frac{OD}{OP},</math> or <cmath>AD=CP\cdot\frac{OD}{OP}=h\cdot\frac{x}{11}.</cmath> Let the brackets denote areas. Notice that <math>[AOD]=[BOC]</math> (By the same base and height, <math>[ACD]=[BDC].</math> Subtracting <math>[OCD]</math> from both sides gives <math>[AOD]=[BOC].</math>). Doubling both sides produces |
<cmath>\begin{align*} | <cmath>\begin{align*} | ||
− | 2[ | + | 2[AOD]&=2[BOC] \\ |
− | \frac{ | + | OD\cdot AD&=OB\cdot CP \\ |
− | x^2&= | + | x\left(\frac{hx}{11}\right)&=(x+22)h \\ |
− | (x | + | x^2&=11(x+22). |
− | |||
\end{align*}</cmath> | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
+ | Rearranging and factoring result <math>(x-22)(x+11)=0,</math> from which <math>x=22.</math> | ||
− | + | Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to right <math>\triangle CPB,</math> we obtain <cmath>h=\sqrt{43^2-33^2}=\sqrt{(43+33)(43-33)}=\sqrt{760}=2\sqrt{190}.</cmath> Finally, we conclude that <cmath>AD=h\cdot\frac{x}{11}=4\sqrt{190},</cmath> so the answer is <math>4+190=\boxed{\textbf{(D) }194}.</math> | |
~MRENTHUSIASM | ~MRENTHUSIASM | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 3 (Short)== | ||
+ | Let <math>CP = y</math> and <math>CP</math> is perpendicular bisector of <math>DB.</math> Let <math>DO = x,</math> so <math>DP = PB = 11+x.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | (1) <math>\triangle CPO \sim \triangle ADO,</math> so we get <math>\frac{AD}{x} = \frac{y}{11},</math> or <math>AD = \frac{xy}{11}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | (2) pythag on <math>\triangle CDP</math> gives <math>(11+x)^2 + y^2 = 43^2.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | (3) <math>\triangle BPC \sim \triangle BDA</math> with ratio <math>1:2,</math> so <math>AD = 2y.</math> (remember that <math>P</math> is the midpoint of <math>BD</math>) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Thus, <math>xy/11 = 2y,</math> or <math>x = 22.</math> And <math>y = \sqrt{43^2 - 33^2} = 2 \sqrt{190},</math> so <math>AD = 4 \sqrt{190}</math> and the answer is <math>\boxed{194}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ ccx09 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 4 - Extending the line== | ||
+ | Observe that <math>\triangle BPC</math> is congruent to <math>\triangle DPC</math>; both are similar to <math>\triangle BDA</math>. Let's extend <math>\overline{AD}</math> and <math>\overline{BC}</math> past points <math>D</math> and <math>C</math> respectively, such that they intersect at a point <math>E</math>. Observe that <math>\angle BDE</math> is <math>90</math> degrees, and that <math>\angle DBE \cong \angle PBC \cong \angle DBA \implies \angle DBE \cong \angle DBA</math>. Thus, by ASA, we know that <math>\triangle ABD \cong \triangle EBD</math>, thus, <math>AD = ED</math>, meaning <math>D</math> is the midpoint of <math>AE</math>. | ||
+ | Let <math>M</math> be the midpoint of <math>\overline{DE}</math>. Note that <math>\triangle CME</math> is congruent to <math>\triangle BPC</math>, thus <math>BC = CE</math>, meaning <math>C</math> is the midpoint of <math>\overline{BE}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math> are both medians of <math>\triangle ABE</math>. This means that <math>O</math> is the centroid of <math>\triangle ABE</math>; therefore, because the centroid divides the median in a 2:1 ratio, <math>\frac{BO}{2} = DO = \frac{BD}{3}</math>. Recall that <math>P</math> is the midpoint of <math>BD</math>; <math>DP = \frac{BD}{2}</math>. The question tells us that <math>OP = 11</math>; <math>DP-DO=11</math>; we can write this in terms of <math>DB</math>; <math>\frac{DB}{2}-\frac{DB}{3} = \frac{DB}{6} = 11 \implies DB = 66</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | We are almost finished. Each side length of <math>\triangle ABD</math> is twice as long as the corresponding side length <math>\triangle CBP</math> or <math>\triangle CPD</math>, since those triangles are similar; this means that <math>AB = 2 \cdot 43 = 86</math>. Now, by Pythagorean theorem on <math>\triangle ABD</math>, <math>AB^{2} - BD^{2} = AD^{2} \implies 86^{2}-66^{2} = AD^{2} \implies AD = \sqrt{3040} \implies AD = 4 \sqrt{190}</math>. <math>4+190 = \boxed{194, \textbf{D}}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ ihatemath123 | ||
== Video Solution (Using Similar Triangles, Pythagorean Theorem) == | == Video Solution (Using Similar Triangles, Pythagorean Theorem) == | ||
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~ pi_is_3.14 | ~ pi_is_3.14 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil== | ||
+ | https://youtube.com/watch?v=rtdovluzgQs | ||
==See also== | ==See also== |
Revision as of 19:51, 29 April 2021
- The following problem is from both the 2021 AMC 10A #17 and 2021 AMC 12A #17, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
Trapezoid has , and . Let be the intersection of the diagonals and , and let be the midpoint of . Given that , the length of can be written in the form , where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is ?
Diagram
~MRENTHUSIASM (by Geometry Expressions)
Solution 1
Angle chasing reveals that , therefore Additional angle chasing shows that , therefore Since is right, the Pythagorean theorem implies that
~mn28407
Solution 2 (Similar Triangles, Areas, Pythagorean Theorem)
Since is isosceles with base it follows that median is also an altitude. Let and so
Since by vertical angles, we get by AA, from which or Let the brackets denote areas. Notice that (By the same base and height, Subtracting from both sides gives ). Doubling both sides produces Rearranging and factoring result from which
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to right we obtain Finally, we conclude that so the answer is
~MRENTHUSIASM
Solution 3 (Short)
Let and is perpendicular bisector of Let so
(1) so we get or
(2) pythag on gives
(3) with ratio so (remember that is the midpoint of )
Thus, or And so and the answer is
~ ccx09
Solution 4 - Extending the line
Observe that is congruent to ; both are similar to . Let's extend and past points and respectively, such that they intersect at a point . Observe that is degrees, and that . Thus, by ASA, we know that , thus, , meaning is the midpoint of . Let be the midpoint of . Note that is congruent to , thus , meaning is the midpoint of
Therefore, and are both medians of . This means that is the centroid of ; therefore, because the centroid divides the median in a 2:1 ratio, . Recall that is the midpoint of ; . The question tells us that ; ; we can write this in terms of ; .
We are almost finished. Each side length of is twice as long as the corresponding side length or , since those triangles are similar; this means that . Now, by Pythagorean theorem on , .
~ ihatemath123
Video Solution (Using Similar Triangles, Pythagorean Theorem)
~ pi_is_3.14
Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil
https://youtube.com/watch?v=rtdovluzgQs
See also
2021 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 16 |
Followed by Problem 18 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2021 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 16 |
Followed by Problem 18 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.