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k a June Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
4 hours ago
Congratulations to all the mathletes who competed at National MATHCOUNTS! If you missed the exciting Countdown Round, you can watch the video at this link. Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS or AMC 10 contests? How would you like to train for these math competitions in half the time? We have accelerated sections which meet twice per week instead of once starting on July 8th (7:30pm ET). These sections fill quickly so enroll today!

[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
[*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
[*]AMC 10 Problem Series[/list]
For those interested in Olympiad level training in math, computer science, physics, and chemistry, be sure to enroll in our WOOT courses before August 19th to take advantage of early bird pricing!

Summer camps are starting this month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have a transformative summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
[list][*]June 5th, Thursday, 7:30pm ET: Open Discussion with Ben Kornell and Andrew Sutherland, Art of Problem Solving's incoming CEO Ben Kornell and CPO Andrew Sutherland host an Ask Me Anything-style chat. Come ask your questions and get to know our incoming CEO & CPO!
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0 replies
jlacosta
4 hours ago
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
1 x 3 pieces in a 3 x 25 board,m max no of pieces placed
parmenides51   1
N 10 minutes ago by TheBaiano
Source: Lusophon 2018 CPLP P6
In a $3 \times 25$ board, $1 \times 3$ pieces are placed (vertically or horizontally) so that they occupy entirely $3$ boxes on the board and do not have a common point.
What is the maximum number of pieces that can be placed, and for that number, how many configurations are there?

original formulation
1 reply
1 viewing
parmenides51
Sep 13, 2018
TheBaiano
10 minutes ago
smallest a so that S(n)-S(n+a) = 2018, where S(n)=sum of digits
parmenides51   3
N 30 minutes ago by TheBaiano
Source: Lusophon 2018 CPLP P3
For each positive integer $n$, let $S(n)$ be the sum of the digits of $n$. Determines the smallest positive integer $a$ such that there are infinite positive integers $n$ for which you have $S (n) -S (n + a) = 2018$.
3 replies
parmenides51
Sep 13, 2018
TheBaiano
30 minutes ago
Ducks can play games now apparently
MortemEtInteritum   35
N 2 hours ago by pi271828
Source: USA TST(ST) 2020 #1
Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be fixed positive integers. There are $a+b+c$ ducks sitting in a
circle, one behind the other. Each duck picks either rock, paper, or scissors, with $a$ ducks
picking rock, $b$ ducks picking paper, and $c$ ducks picking scissors.
A move consists of an operation of one of the following three forms:

[list]
[*] If a duck picking rock sits behind a duck picking scissors, they switch places.
[*] If a duck picking paper sits behind a duck picking rock, they switch places.
[*] If a duck picking scissors sits behind a duck picking paper, they switch places.
[/list]
Determine, in terms of $a$, $b$, and $c$, the maximum number of moves which could take
place, over all possible initial configurations.
35 replies
MortemEtInteritum
Nov 16, 2020
pi271828
2 hours ago
2017 IGO Advanced P3
bgn   18
N 2 hours ago by Circumcircle
Source: 4th Iranian Geometry Olympiad (Advanced) P3
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$. Line $CO$ intersects the altitude from $A$ at point $K$. Let $P,M$ be the midpoints of $AK$, $AC$ respectively. If $PO$ intersects $BC$ at $Y$, and the circumcircle of triangle $BCM$ meets $AB$ at $X$, prove that $BXOY$ is cyclic.

Proposed by Ali Daeinabi - Hamid Pardazi
18 replies
bgn
Sep 15, 2017
Circumcircle
2 hours ago
Euler line of incircle touching points /Reposted/
Eagle116   6
N 3 hours ago by pigeon123
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incentre $I$ and circumcentre $O$. Let $D,E,F$ be the touchpoints of the incircle with $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ respectively. Prove that $OI$ is the Euler line of $\vartriangle DEF$.
6 replies
Eagle116
Apr 19, 2025
pigeon123
3 hours ago
Parallel lines on a rhombus
buratinogigle   1
N 3 hours ago by Giabach298
Source: Own, Entrance Exam for Grade 10 Admission, HSGS 2025
Given the rhombus $ABCD$ with its incircle $\omega$. Let $E$ and $F$ be the points of tangency of $\omega$ with $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. On the edges $CB$ and $CD$, take points $G$ and $H$ such that $GH$ is tangent to $\omega$ at $P$. Suppose $Q$ is the intersection point of the lines $EG$ and $FH$. Prove that two lines $AP$ and $CQ$ are parallel or coincide.
1 reply
buratinogigle
4 hours ago
Giabach298
3 hours ago
Orthocenter lies on circumcircle
whatshisbucket   90
N 3 hours ago by bjump
Source: 2017 ELMO #2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with orthocenter $H,$ and let $M$ be the midpoint of $\overline{BC}.$ Suppose that $P$ and $Q$ are distinct points on the circle with diameter $\overline{AH},$ different from $A,$ such that $M$ lies on line $PQ.$ Prove that the orthocenter of $\triangle APQ$ lies on the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC.$

Proposed by Michael Ren
90 replies
whatshisbucket
Jun 26, 2017
bjump
3 hours ago
Hagge-like circles, Jerabek hyperbola, Lemoine cubic
kosmonauten3114   0
4 hours ago
Source: My own
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be a scalene oblique triangle with circumcenter $O$ and orthocenter $H$, and $P$ ($\neq \text{X(3), X(4)}$, $\notin \odot(ABC)$) a point in the plane.
Let $\triangle{A_1B_1C_1}$, $\triangle{A_2B_2C_2}$ be the circumcevian triangles of $O$, $P$, respectively.
Let $\triangle{P_AP_BP_C}$ be the pedal triangle of $P$ with respect to $\triangle{ABC}$.
Let $A_1'$ be the reflection in $P_A$ of $A_1$. Define $B_1'$, $C_1'$ cyclically.
Let $A_2'$ be the reflection in $P_A$ of $A_2$. Define $B_2'$, $C_2'$ cyclically.
Let $O_1$, $O_2$ be the circumcenters of $\triangle{A_1'B_1'C_1'}$, $\triangle{A_2'B_2'C_2'}$, respectively.

Prove that:
1) $P$, $O_1$, $O_2$ are collinear if and only if $P$ lies on the Jerabek hyperbola of $\triangle{ABC}$.
2) $H$, $O_1$, $O_2$ are collinear if and only if $P$ lies on the Lemoine cubic (= $\text{K009}$) of $\triangle{ABC}$.
0 replies
kosmonauten3114
4 hours ago
0 replies
Incenter perpendiculars and angle congruences
math154   84
N 4 hours ago by zuat.e
Source: ELMO Shortlist 2012, G3
$ABC$ is a triangle with incenter $I$. The foot of the perpendicular from $I$ to $BC$ is $D$, and the foot of the perpendicular from $I$ to $AD$ is $P$. Prove that $\angle BPD = \angle DPC$.

Alex Zhu.
84 replies
math154
Jul 2, 2012
zuat.e
4 hours ago
Tangency of circles with "135 degree" angles
Shayan-TayefehIR   4
N 4 hours ago by Mysteriouxxx
Source: Iran Team selection test 2024 - P12
For a triangle $\triangle ABC$ with an obtuse angle $\angle A$ , let $E , F$ be feet of altitudes from $B , C$ on sides $AC , AB$ respectively. The tangents from $B , C$ to circumcircle of triangle $\triangle ABC$ intersect line $EF$ at points $K , L$ respectively and we know that $\angle CLB=135$. Point $R$ lies on segment $BK$ in such a way that $KR=KL$ and let $S$ be a point on line $BK$ such that $K$ is between $B , S$ and $\angle BLS=135$. Prove that the circle with diameter $RS$ is tangent to circumcircle of triangle $\triangle ABC$.

Proposed by Mehran Talaei
4 replies
Shayan-TayefehIR
May 19, 2024
Mysteriouxxx
4 hours ago
Line bisects a segment
buratinogigle   1
N 4 hours ago by cj13609517288
Source: Own, Entrance Exam for Grade 10 Admission, HSGS 2025
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB = AC$. A circle $(O)$ is tangent to sides $AC$ and $AB$, and $O$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Points $E$ and $F$ lie on sides $AC$ and $AB$, respectively, such that segment $EF$ is tangent to circle $(O)$ at point $P$. Let $H$ and $K$ be the orthocenters of triangles $OBF$ and $OCE$, respectively. Prove that line $OP$ bisects segment $HK$.
1 reply
buratinogigle
5 hours ago
cj13609517288
4 hours ago
A weird problem
jayme   1
N 5 hours ago by jayme
Dear Mathlinkers,

1. ABC a triangle
2. 0 the circumcircle
3. I the incenter
4. 1 a circle passing througn B and C
5. X, Y the second points of intersection of 1 wrt BI, CI
6. 2 the circumcircle of the triangle XYI
7. M, N the symetrics of B, C wrt XY.

Question : if 2 is tangent to 0 then, 2 is tangent to MN.

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
1 reply
jayme
Today at 6:52 AM
jayme
5 hours ago
Three collinear points
buratinogigle   1
N 5 hours ago by Giabach298
Source: Own, Entrance Exam for Grade 10 Admission, HSGS 2025
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with points $E$ and $F$ lying on rays $AC$ and $AB$, respectively, such that $AE = AF$. On the line $EF$, choose points $M$ and $N$ such that $CM \perp CA$ and $BN \perp BA$. Let $K$ and $L$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $M$ and $N$ to line $BC$, respectively. Let $J$ be the intersection point of lines $LF$ and $KE$. Prove that the reflection of $J$ over line $EF$ lies on the line connecting $A$ and the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$.
1 reply
buratinogigle
5 hours ago
Giabach298
5 hours ago
Circumcenter is equidistant from the midpoints
buratinogigle   0
5 hours ago
Source: Own, Entrance Exam for Grade 10 Admission, HSGS 2025
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with points $E$ and $F$ lying on rays $AC$ and $AB$, respectively, such that $AE = AF$. On the line $EF$, let points $M$ and $N$ be chosen so that $CM \perp CA$ and $BN \perp BA$. Prove that the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$ is equidistant from the midpoints of segments $EM$ and $FN$.
0 replies
buratinogigle
5 hours ago
0 replies
NEPAL TST DAY 2 PROBLEM 2
Tony_stark0094   6
N Apr 16, 2025 by cursed_tangent1434
Kritesh manages traffic on a $45 \times 45$ grid consisting of 2025 unit squares. Within each unit square is a car, facing either up, down, left, or right. If the square in front of a car in the direction it is facing is empty, it can choose to move forward. Each car wishes to exit the $45 \times 45$ grid.

Kritesh realizes that it may not always be possible for all the cars to leave the grid. Therefore, before the process begins, he will remove $k$ cars from the $45 \times 45$ grid in such a way that it becomes possible for all the remaining cars to eventually exit the grid.

What is the minimum value of $k$ that guarantees that Kritesh's job is possible?

$\textbf{Proposed by Shining Sun. USA}$
6 replies
Tony_stark0094
Apr 12, 2025
cursed_tangent1434
Apr 16, 2025
NEPAL TST DAY 2 PROBLEM 2
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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Tony_stark0094
69 posts
#1 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Kritesh manages traffic on a $45 \times 45$ grid consisting of 2025 unit squares. Within each unit square is a car, facing either up, down, left, or right. If the square in front of a car in the direction it is facing is empty, it can choose to move forward. Each car wishes to exit the $45 \times 45$ grid.

Kritesh realizes that it may not always be possible for all the cars to leave the grid. Therefore, before the process begins, he will remove $k$ cars from the $45 \times 45$ grid in such a way that it becomes possible for all the remaining cars to eventually exit the grid.

What is the minimum value of $k$ that guarantees that Kritesh's job is possible?

$\textbf{Proposed by Shining Sun. USA}$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Tony_stark0094, Apr 13, 2025, 3:12 AM
Reason: typo
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sansgankrsngupta
152 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
OG! I claim $k= 484$ is the answer:
Proof: I am lazy to write but its pretty natural.
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ND_
58 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
$k= 1012$ is the answer. To prove that it is minimal, consider the situation where cars in left 22 rows face right and right 22 rows face left, and top 22 cars in the middle row face down.

To prove that it suffices, we remove either all the left facing cars or right facing cars, whichever is less. Similarly, for up and down. So, we remove less than half of the cars, or less than 1012 cars. WLOG let us remove the up and right cars. We can clear the cars facing down in the bottom row first, then the left facing ones in the bottom row. So we can clear each row sequentially and hence clear the grid.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by ND_, Apr 13, 2025, 3:44 AM
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User_two
8 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
ND_ wrote:
$k= 990$ is the answer. To prove that it is minimal, consider the situation where cars in left 22 rows face right and right 23 rows face left.

Apparently, it is k=1012.
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Mathdreams
1472 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by cubres, khan.academy
My problem!

Grid combo is the best. :showoff:

Solution
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Mathdreams, Apr 12, 2025, 8:40 PM
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ThatApollo777
74 posts
#6
Y by
I am skill issue, why did this take 2 hours.

The answer is $\lfloor \frac{2025}{2} \rfloor = 1012$.

Part 1: Bounds can be achieved.
Pf: Fill the upper $1012 \cdot 2025$ with cars pointing down. Fill the lower $1012 \cdot 2025$ with cars pointing up. Fill the rightmost $1013$ cells of the remaining row with cars pointing left and the remaining $1012$ with cars pointing right. After removing the cars, every column must have all up cars or all down cars removed and the middle row must have all left or all right cars removed, doing a simple count this gives at least $1012$ cars must be removed.

Part 2: We can always succeed in $1012$ removals.
Pf: Remove either all cars that point (right or up) or (left or down), whichever is less cars. These will be less than $1012.5$. WLOG assume these are are the right or up cars. Now let any car that can move, move in any order. Since the distance of every car from the edge it will leave from strictly decreases this process must terminate. If any cars are left after that, take the car which is on cell with minimum value of sum of coordinates. Since it points left or down, it must be able to move contradicting the process has terminated.
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cursed_tangent1434
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#7 • 1 Y
Y by khan.academy
Extremely quick and easy. The answer is $\frac{n^2-1}{2}$ for any $n \times n$ grid for odd $n$. We start off by providing a construction.

In the rightmost column, park cars facing down and up alternately and it the other columns park cars along each row facing left and right alternately. In the rightmost column, we cannot leave any two cars facing opposite directions as they cannot reach the end of the board without bumping into each other, so atleast $\frac{n-1}{2}$ cars must be removed. In each row, no cars facing opposite directions can be remaining as they bump into each other. Thus, in each row either all the right-facing or left-facing cars must be removed, mandating a removal of at least
\[\frac{n(n-1)}{2} + \frac{n-1}{2} = \frac{n^2-1}{2}\]cars as desired.

For the bound, note that if the board only has one of right-facing and left-facing and one of up-facing and down-facing cars, they may eventually all leave the board. This is because, if WLOG only right-facing and down-facing cars are left, starting from the rightmost column, the right-facing cars of each row exit the board, leaving space for the down-facing cars to leave and continue until all the cars leave the board. Further, let $U$ , $D$ , $L$ and $R$ denote the number of cars facing each direction. Since,
\[(U+L)+(U+R)+(D+R)+(D+L) = 2n^2\]we have that,
\[\min\{U+L, U+R , D+R , D+L\} \le \left \lfloor \frac{2n^2}{4}  \right \rfloor = \frac{n^2-1}{2}\]which finishes the proof of the bound and we are done.
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