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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Easy functional equation
fattypiggy123   15
N 17 minutes ago by ariopro1387
Source: Singapore Mathematical Olympiad 2014 Problem 2
Find all functions from the reals to the reals satisfying
\[f(xf(y) + x) = xy + f(x)\]
15 replies
1 viewing
fattypiggy123
Jul 5, 2014
ariopro1387
17 minutes ago
Iran TST Starter
M11100111001Y1R   5
N 18 minutes ago by DeathIsAwe
Source: Iran TST 2025 Test 1 Problem 1
Let \( a_n \) be a sequence of positive real numbers such that for every \( n > 2025 \), we have:
\[
a_n = \max_{1 \leq i \leq 2025} a_{n-i} - \min_{1 \leq i \leq 2025} a_{n-i}
\]Prove that there exists a natural number \( M \) such that for all \( n > M \), the following holds:
\[
a_n < \frac{1}{1404}
\]
5 replies
+1 w
M11100111001Y1R
May 27, 2025
DeathIsAwe
18 minutes ago
My journey to IMO
MTA_2024   2
N 31 minutes ago by Royal_mhyasd
Note to moderators: I had no idea if this is the ideal forum for this or not, feel free to move it wherever you want ;)

Hi everyone,
I am a random 14 years old 9th grader, national olympiad winner, and silver medalist in the francophone olympiad of maths (junior section) Click here to see the test in itself.
While on paper, this might seem like a solid background (and tbh it kinda is); but I only have one problem rn: an extreme lack of preparation (You'll understand very soon just keep reading :D ).
You see, when the francophone olympiad, the national olympiad and the international kangaroo ended (and they where in the span of 4 days!!!) I've told myself :"aight, enough math, take a break till summer" (and btw, summer starts rh in July and ends in October) and from then I didn't seriously study maths.
That was until yesterday, (see, none of our senior's year students could go because the bachelor's degree exam and the IMO's dates coincide). So they replaced them with us, junior students. And suddenly, with no previous warning, I found myself at the very bottom of the IMO list of participants. And it's been months since I last "seriously" studied maths.
I'm really looking forward to this incredible journey, and potentially winning a medal :laugh: . But regardless of my results I know it'll be a fantastic journey with this very large and kind community.
Any advices or help is more than welcome <3 .Thank yall for helping me reach and surpass a ton of my goals.
Sincerely.
2 replies
MTA_2024
38 minutes ago
Royal_mhyasd
31 minutes ago
Very odd geo
Royal_mhyasd   1
N 43 minutes ago by Royal_mhyasd
Source: own (i think)
Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AC>AB>BC$ and let $H$ be its orthocenter. Let $P$ be a point on the perpendicular bisector of $AH$ such that $\angle APH=2(\angle ABC - \angle ACB)$ and $P$ and $C$ are on different sides of $AB$, $Q$ a point on the perpendicular bisector of $BH$ such that $\angle BQH = 2(\angle ACB-\angle BAC)$ and $R$ a point on the perpendicular bisector of $CH$ such that $\angle CRH=2(\angle ABC - \angle BAC)$ and $Q,R$ lie on the opposite side of $BC$ w.r.t $A$. Prove that $P,Q$ and $R$ are collinear.
1 reply
Royal_mhyasd
an hour ago
Royal_mhyasd
43 minutes ago
Calculating sum of the numbers
Sadigly   5
N an hour ago by aokmh3n2i2rt
Source: Azerbaijan Junior MO 2025 P4
A $3\times3$ square is filled with numbers $1;2;3...;9$.The numbers inside four $2\times2$ squares is summed,and arranged in an increasing order. Is it possible to obtain the following sequences as a result of this operation?

$\text{a)}$ $24,24,25,25$

$\text{b)}$ $20,23,26,29$
5 replies
Sadigly
May 9, 2025
aokmh3n2i2rt
an hour ago
Swap to the symmedian
Noob_at_math_69_level   7
N an hour ago by awesomeming327.
Source: DGO 2023 Team P1
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be a triangle with points $U,V$ lie on the perpendicular bisector of $BC$ such that $B,U,V,C$ lie on a circle. Suppose $UD,UE,UF$ are perpendicular to sides $BC,AC,AB$ at points $D,E,F.$ The tangent lines from points $E,F$ to the circumcircle of $\triangle{DEF}$ intersects at point $S.$ Prove that: $AV,DS$ are parallel.

Proposed by Paramizo Dicrominique
7 replies
Noob_at_math_69_level
Dec 18, 2023
awesomeming327.
an hour ago
Find (AB * CD) / (AC * BD) & prove orthogonality of circles
Maverick   15
N an hour ago by Ilikeminecraft
Source: IMO 1993, Day 1, Problem 2
Let $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ be four points in the plane, with $C$ and $D$ on the same side of the line $AB$, such that $AC \cdot BD = AD \cdot BC$ and $\angle ADB = 90^{\circ}+\angle ACB$. Find the ratio
\[\frac{AB \cdot CD}{AC \cdot BD}, \]
and prove that the circumcircles of the triangles $ACD$ and $BCD$ are orthogonal. (Intersecting circles are said to be orthogonal if at either common point their tangents are perpendicuar. Thus, proving that the circumcircles of the triangles $ACD$ and $BCD$ are orthogonal is equivalent to proving that the tangents to the circumcircles of the triangles $ACD$ and $BCD$ at the point $C$ are perpendicular.)
15 replies
Maverick
Jul 13, 2004
Ilikeminecraft
an hour ago
f(x+f(x)+f(y))=x+f(x+y)
dangerousliri   10
N 2 hours ago by jasperE3
Source: FEOO, Shortlist A5
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}^+\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^+$ such that for any positive real numbers $x$ and $y$,
$$f(x+f(x)+f(y))=x+f(x+y)$$Proposed by Athanasios Kontogeorgis, Grecce, and Dorlir Ahmeti, Kosovo
10 replies
dangerousliri
May 31, 2020
jasperE3
2 hours ago
n-variable inequality
ABCDE   66
N 2 hours ago by ND_
Source: 2015 IMO Shortlist A1, Original 2015 IMO #5
Suppose that a sequence $a_1,a_2,\ldots$ of positive real numbers satisfies \[a_{k+1}\geq\frac{ka_k}{a_k^2+(k-1)}\]for every positive integer $k$. Prove that $a_1+a_2+\ldots+a_n\geq n$ for every $n\geq2$.
66 replies
+1 w
ABCDE
Jul 7, 2016
ND_
2 hours ago
Euler Line Madness
raxu   75
N 3 hours ago by lakshya2009
Source: TSTST 2015 Problem 2
Let ABC be a scalene triangle. Let $K_a$, $L_a$ and $M_a$ be the respective intersections with BC of the internal angle bisector, external angle bisector, and the median from A. The circumcircle of $AK_aL_a$ intersects $AM_a$ a second time at point $X_a$ different from A. Define $X_b$ and $X_c$ analogously. Prove that the circumcenter of $X_aX_bX_c$ lies on the Euler line of ABC.
(The Euler line of ABC is the line passing through the circumcenter, centroid, and orthocenter of ABC.)

Proposed by Ivan Borsenco
75 replies
raxu
Jun 26, 2015
lakshya2009
3 hours ago
Own made functional equation
Primeniyazidayi   8
N 3 hours ago by MathsII-enjoy
Source: own(probably)
Find all functions $f:R \rightarrow R$ such that $xf(x^2+2f(y)-yf(x))=f(x)^3-f(y)(f(x^2)-2f(x))$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$
8 replies
Primeniyazidayi
May 26, 2025
MathsII-enjoy
3 hours ago
IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 7
orl   110
N 3 hours ago by SimplisticFormulas
Source: IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 7
The incircle $ \Omega$ of the acute-angled triangle $ ABC$ is tangent to its side $ BC$ at a point $ K$. Let $ AD$ be an altitude of triangle $ ABC$, and let $ M$ be the midpoint of the segment $ AD$. If $ N$ is the common point of the circle $ \Omega$ and the line $ KM$ (distinct from $ K$), then prove that the incircle $ \Omega$ and the circumcircle of triangle $ BCN$ are tangent to each other at the point $ N$.
110 replies
orl
Sep 28, 2004
SimplisticFormulas
3 hours ago
Cute NT Problem
M11100111001Y1R   6
N 3 hours ago by X.Allaberdiyev
Source: Iran TST 2025 Test 4 Problem 1
A number \( n \) is called lucky if it has at least two distinct prime divisors and can be written in the form:
\[
n = p_1^{\alpha_1} + \cdots + p_k^{\alpha_k}
\]where \( p_1, \dots, p_k \) are distinct prime numbers that divide \( n \). (Note: it is possible that \( n \) has other prime divisors not among \( p_1, \dots, p_k \).) Prove that for every prime number \( p \), there exists a lucky number \( n \) such that \( p \mid n \).
6 replies
M11100111001Y1R
May 27, 2025
X.Allaberdiyev
3 hours ago
China MO 2021 P6
NTssu   23
N 4 hours ago by bin_sherlo
Source: CMO 2021 P6
Find $f: \mathbb{Z}_+ \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_+$, such that for any $x,y \in \mathbb{Z}_+$, $$f(f(x)+y)\mid x+f(y).$$
23 replies
NTssu
Nov 25, 2020
bin_sherlo
4 hours ago
IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 4
orl   24
N Apr 10, 2025 by Avron
Source: IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 4
Circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Distinct points $A_1$ and $B_1$ (not at $P$ or $Q$) are selected on $S_1$. The lines $A_1P$ and $B_1P$ meet $S_2$ again at $A_2$ and $B_2$ respectively, and the lines $A_1B_1$ and $A_2B_2$ meet at $C$. Prove that, as $A_1$ and $B_1$ vary, the circumcentres of triangles $A_1A_2C$ all lie on one fixed circle.
24 replies
orl
Sep 28, 2004
Avron
Apr 10, 2025
IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 4
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: IMO ShortList 2002, geometry problem 4
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orl
3647 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by parola, Adventure10, Mango247
Circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Distinct points $A_1$ and $B_1$ (not at $P$ or $Q$) are selected on $S_1$. The lines $A_1P$ and $B_1P$ meet $S_2$ again at $A_2$ and $B_2$ respectively, and the lines $A_1B_1$ and $A_2B_2$ meet at $C$. Prove that, as $A_1$ and $B_1$ vary, the circumcentres of triangles $A_1A_2C$ all lie on one fixed circle.
Attachments:
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
A quick angle chase reveals that $CA_1QA_2$ is cyclic, meaning that we can forget about the $B_i$'s: we're looking for the locus of the circumcenter of $A_1A_2Q$.

Since $\angle PA_iQ$ are constant angles, it means that the triangles $A_1A_2Q$ are all similar, and this means that the triangles $A_1QO$ are all similar, where $O$ is the circumcenter of $A_1A_2Q$. This means that the locus of $O$ is the image of $S_1$ through the spiral similarity of center $Q$ which turns $A_1$ into $O$. In other words, this locus is a circle, Q.E.D.

Comment: it can be shown fairly easily now, by choosing particular positions of $A_1$, the the circle is, in fact, the circumcircle of $QO_1O_2$, where $O_i$ is the center of $S_i$.
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Pedro Vieira
7 posts
#3 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, Sandro175, and 1 other user
If we regard $ A_1A_2PB_1B_2C$ as a complete quadrilateral the problem becomes trivial once we know that the circumcenters of the $ 4$ "small" triangles of the complete quadrilateral and the miquel point of this complete quadrilateral (which in this case is point $ Q$) lie on a circle. Is this a well-known fact? If so, where can I find a proof to this fact?
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SnowEverywhere
801 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Hmm. This problem did not involve the introduction of a new point other than the center of the indicated circle.

Solution

Let the centers of $S_1$ and $S_2$ be $O_1$ and $O_2$. First note the following.

\[\angle{CA_1 Q} + \angle{CA_2 Q} = \angle{QPB_2} + \angle{CA_2 A_1} +\angle{PA_2 Q} = \angle{PQB_2}+\angle{PB_2 Q} +\angle{QPB_2}=180\]
Therefore $QA_1 C A_2$ is cyclic. Let $\gamma$ and $\omega$ denote the perpendicular bisectors of $A_1 Q$ and $B_2 Q$ and let $X=\omega \cap \gamma$. Note that $X$ is the circumcenter of $QA_1 C A_2$.

Since $O_1 \in \gamma$ and $O_2 \in \omega$, we have that $\angle{O_1 X O_2}=180-\angle{A_1 Q A_2}$. However, since $Q$ is the center of the spiral similarity mapping $S_1$ to $S_2$, it follows that $\angle{O_1 Q O_2}=\angle{A_1 Q A_2}$.

This yields that $O_1 X O_2 Q$ is cyclic and since $O_1$, $O_2$ and $Q$ are fixed, that $X$ always lies on one circle.
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AK1024
228 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Actually, a similar problem to this has appeared in two different UK texts, however they were both published after 2002, so it's OK! It also reminds of this years British MO round 1 Q5, which is of the same essence, posted here. On these grounds I'm guessing this was proposed by the UK :D

Click to reveal hidden text
$O_1,O_2,O_3$ are the centres of $S_1,S_2$ and $\odot(A_1QA_2)$.

As previously shown, we only need to study the locus of $O_3$. $O_1O_3$ and $O_2O_3$ are perpendicular to $A_1Q$ and $A_2Q$ respectively as by definition all of $\triangle A_2QO_2,\triangle A_2QO_3,\triangle A_1QO_1,\triangle A_2QO_3$ are isosceles. Let the midpoints of $QA_1,QA_2$ be $M_1,M_2$ respectively. To show that the quadrilateral $QO_1O_2O_3$ is cyclic it suffices to prove $\angle O_2QM_2=\angle O_1QM_1$ as then it would follow $\angle QO_1M_1=\angle QO_2M_2$ if we recall the right angles $\angle M_1,\angle M_2$.

There is a fairly quick angle chase:
Click to reveal hidden text

But a more appealing argument is that no matter where we place $A_1$ on $S_1$, $\triangle A_1A_2Q$ has fixed angles. So if we consider the diagram, but with another $A_n$ diametrically opposite $Q$ on $S_1$ then easily $\angle A_nQA_{n+1}=\angle A_1QA_2\implies\angle O_1QO_2=\angle A_1QA_2$, since $O_1,O_2$ lie on $QA_n,QA_{n+1}$ respectively. So this rotation must leave an equal against the common $\angle A_1QA_2$, i.e. $\angle O_1QM_1=\angle M_2QO_2$. Then the locus of $O_3$ is the circumcentre of $O_1QO_2$.
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bobthesmartypants
4337 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Do I feel guilty reviving a 7 year old thread? No.

solution
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Ferid.---.
1008 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My solution:
Let's show that $O_1,Q,O_2,O$ are concyclic,where $O_1,O_2,O$ be the centers of $S_1,S_2,(A_1A_2C),$ respectively.
Let $S=OO_1\cap A_1Q$ and $T=OO_2\cap A_2Q.$
We know $\angle CA_1Q=180-\angle B_1PQ=\angle QPB_2=\angle QA_2B_2=180-\angle QA_2C\rightarrow A_1,Q,A_2,C$ are cyclic.
Then $OS\perp AQ,OT\perp QA_2\to S,Q,T,O$ are cyclic.
$Claim:$ $\angle A_1QA_2=\angle O_1QO_2.$
$Proof:$ We have $\angle QPA_2=180-\angle QPA_1=180-\frac{\angle A_1O_1Q}{2}=90+\angle O_1QA_1.$
Also we know $\angle QPA_2=180-\frac{\angle QO_2A_2}{2}=90+\angle O_2QA_2,$ then we know $\angle O_2QA_2=\angle O_1QA_1\to \angle O_1QO_2=\angle O_1QA_1+\angle A_1QO_2=\angle O_2QA_2+\angle A_1QO_2=\angle A_1QA_1.$ As desired.
Also we know
$$\angle O_1OO_2=\angle SOT=180-\angle SQT=180-\angle A_1QA_2=^{\text{Claim}}180-\angle O_1QO_2\implies O_1,QO_2,O$$are concyclic.
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suryadeep
178 posts
#8 • 4 Y
Y by Night_Witch123, RudraRockstar, Adventure10, Mango247
Lemma: This problem is trivial.
Proof : For any $B$, by a trivial angle chase, we have $\angle A_1CA_2 = \angle A_1QA_2$, so we put the $B$ aside the picture, and focus on the locus of the circumcentre of $\Delta A_1QA_2$, as $A_1$ varies. We claim the locus is on $\omega_{O_1QO_2}$. Indeed, inverting around $Q$, the problem becomes trivial, because taking a homothety of factor $.5$ w.r.t $Q$ maps $O_1^{*} O_2^{*}$ to the $Q$-simson line of $\omega_{A_1^{*}P^{*}A_2^{*}}$, hence the desired result.

As a corollary, we have:
Lemma : 10 year or more old IMOSL problems are trivial.
(Sketch of proof is trivial, just also note that JMO P1 was 1998 G8, then trivial by induction)
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by suryadeep, Nov 12, 2017, 9:23 AM
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Mr_ONE
8 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let the centers of $S_1, S_2$ be $O_1, O_2$ resp.
Some angle chasing shows that $\angle A_1QA_2=\angle A_1QP+\angle PQA_2=\angle AB_1B_2+\angle CB_2B_1=180-\angle A_1CA_2$
$\Longrightarrow A_1CA_2Q$ is cyclic.
Thus the problem is equivalent to find the locus point of the circumcenter of $\triangle QA_1A_2$ which doesn't depend on $B_1$ so we can ignore $B_1$ in the problem.
We will prove that $O\in (O_1QO_2)$ which is a fixed circle where $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle QA_1A_2$.
We have
$(A_1CA_2Q)\cap S_2=A_2Q$, $(A_1CA_2Q)\cap S_1=A_1Q$
$\Longrightarrow OO_2\perp A_2Q,\ OO_1\perp A_1Q\Longrightarrow \angle O_1OO_2=180 -\angle A_1QA_2$.
But $\angle A_1QO_1=\frac{180-2\angle A_2PQ}{2}=90-\angle A_2PQ=\angle A _2QO_2\Longrightarrow \angle A_1QA_2=\angle O_1QO_2$.
$\Longrightarrow \angle O_1OO_2=180 -\angle O_1QO_2\Longrightarrow O\in (O_1QO_2)$ which is a fixed circle as desired.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Mr_ONE, May 1, 2018, 10:53 AM
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#11 • 2 Y
Y by amar_04, Adventure10
Solution
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amar_04
1916 posts
#12 • 7 Y
Y by GeoMetrix, AlastorMoody, strawberry_circle, parola, Msn05, Adventure10, Mango247
Adding an Inversive Solution. :)
ISL 2002 G4 wrote:
Circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Distinct points $A_1$ and $B_1$ (not at $P$ or $Q$) are selected on $S_1$. The lines $A_1P$ and $B_1P$ meet $S_2$ again at $A_2$ and $B_2$ respectively, and the lines $A_1B_1$ and $A_2B_2$ meet at $C$. Prove that, as $A_1$ and $B_1$ vary, the circumcentres of triangles $A_1A_2C$ all lie on one fixed circle.

Note that $$\angle AQA_2=\angle AQP+\angle PQA_2=\angle AC_1B_2+\angle B_1B_2C=180^\circ-\angle A_1QA_2\implies A,Q,A_2,C\text{ are concyclic.}$$So the Circumcenter of $\triangle A_1A_2C$ is same as the Circumcenter of $\triangle A_1QA_2$. So now we can safely delete the points $C,B_1,B_2$ from the Diagram. So, the problem can now be restated as
Reduced Problem wrote:
$\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are two circles and $\omega_1\cap\omega_2=\{P,Q\}$. A line through $P$ intersects $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ at $A_1,A_2$ respectively. Then Prove that the locus of the Circumcenters of such triangles $A_1QA_2$ is a circle.

For this Invert around $Q$ and let this map be denoted as $\Psi$. So, $\Psi:P\leftrightarrow \omega_1'\cap\omega_2'=P'$ where $\omega_1'$ and $\omega_2'$ are the Inverted Image of $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ respectively during this transformation $\Psi$.

We have to prove that the circles passing through $P',Q$ intersecting $\omega_1'$ and $\omega_2'$ at points $\{A_1',A_2'\}$ respectively, then the reflections of $Q$ on $A_1'A_2'$ are collinear.

Drop Perpendiculars from $Q$ onto $\omega_1'$ and $\omega_2'$, So by Simson Line we get that the Projections of $Q$ on such lines $A_1'A_2'$ are collinear, so by a Homothety at $Q$ with a scale factor of $2$ we get that the reflections of $Q$ of such lines $A_1A_2$ are also collinear, and the reflections of $Q$ on such lines $A_1A_2$ are the points where the circumcenters of such triangles $QA_1A_2$ map!

Hence Inverting back we get that the Locus of the Circumcenters of such triangles $QA_1A_2$ which are the circumcenters of $\triangle A_1A_2C$ will lie on a circle. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 7 times. Last edited by amar_04, Jan 9, 2020, 12:10 PM
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Pluto1708
1107 posts
#13 • 5 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, GeoMetrix, Delta0001, Adventure10, Mango247
What troll!
orl wrote:
Circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Distinct points $A_1$ and $B_1$ (not at $P$ or $Q$) are selected on $S_1$. The lines $A_1P$ and $B_1P$ meet $S_2$ again at $A_2$ and $B_2$ respectively, and the lines $A_1B_1$ and $A_2B_2$ meet at $C$. Prove that, as $A_1$ and $B_1$ vary, the circumcentres of triangles $A_1A_2C$ all lie on one fixed circle.
Let $O_1,O_2$ be center of $S_1,S_2$ respectively.We have $Q$ is the miquel point of complete quadrilateral $PB_2CA_1A_2B_1$.Hence center of $\odot{A_1A_2C}$ lies on the miquel circle $\odot{QO_1O_2}$ which is fixed.$\square$
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aops29
452 posts
#14 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Solution
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JustKeepRunning
2958 posts
#15
Y by
Easy G4.

Notice that $\angle A_1QA_2=\angle A_1B_1B_2+\angle CB_2B_1=180^{\circ}_\angle C,$ so $A_1CA_2Q$ is cyclic and the problem reduces to showing that the circumcenter of $(A_1A_2Q)$ lie on a fixed circle (the $B$'s were just a distraction!).

We finish with

Claim: Denote the center of $S_1$ by $O_1$ and that of $S_2$ by $O_2$. Then the desired circle is $(O_1QO_2)$.

Proof: Denote the midpoints of $A_1Q$ and $A_2Q$ by $M_1, M_2,$ respectively. Then the circumcenter of $\triangle A_1A_2Q$ is the intersection of the perpendicular at $M_1$ and $M_2$ to $A_1Q$ and $A_2Q$. Notice that $\angle AO_1Q=2\angle A_1PQ=180^{\circ}-\angle B_2PQ=\angle QO_2A_2,$ and this easily implies the result.

We are done.
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JAnatolGT_00
559 posts
#16
Y by
Obviously $Q$ is the Miquel point of $A_1CB_2P,$ and so circumcenter of $\triangle A_1A_2C$ lie on circle passing through $Q$ and centers of $S_1,S_2,$ which is fixed.
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Mogmog8
1080 posts
#17 • 1 Y
Y by centslordm
Let $O,O_1,O_2$ be the centers of $S_1,S_2,(A_1A_2C),$ respectively. Notice that $Q$ is the Miquel point of $A_1B_1CA_2B_2P$ so $OO_1QO_2$ is cyclic. $\square$
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awesomeming327.
1739 posts
#18
Y by
No one:
EGMO Ch. 11:

https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/925784397469331477/952410078668009472/Screen_Shot_2022-03-12_at_8.37.24_PM.png

Let $O_1,O_2$ be centers of $S_1,S_2.$ Let $O$ be center of $(A_1CA_2).$ We claim that $O_1OO_2Q$ is cyclic. First, we claim that $CA_1QA_2$ is cyclic. Note that $\angle B_1A_1Q=\angle B_1PQ=\angle CA_2Q.$ This implies the claim.

Thus, $O$ is the center of $(QA_1A_2).$ Note that $OO_1$ is the perpendicular bisector of $A_1Q$ and $OO_2$ the perpendicular bisector of $A_2Q.$ Thus, $\angle OO_2Q=\frac{1}{2}\overset{\huge\frown}{QPA_2}=180^\circ-\angle QPA_2$ and $\angle OO_1Q=\frac{1}{2}\overset{\huge\frown}{QPA_1}=180^\circ-\angle A_1PQ.$ These sum to $180^\circ$ so we are done.
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BVKRB-
322 posts
#19
Y by
Wut
Observe that $Q$ is miquel point of quad $A_1PB_2C$ which means the circumcenter of $\triangle A_1A_2C$ belongs to $\odot(Q0_1O_2)$ where $O_1$ and $O_2$ are the centres of $S_1$ and $S_2$ which are obviously fixed $\blacksquare$
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Knty2006
50 posts
#20 • 1 Y
Y by banterbry
Claim: We can simply consider the circumcenter of $A_1QA_2$

Proof:

Observe that $Q$ is the miquel point of quadrilateral $A_1PB_2C$

Therefore, $Q$ lies on $(A_1A_2C)$

As such, the circumcenter of $(A_1A_2C)$= the circumcenter of $(A_1QA_2)$

Rephrased problem: the circumcenters of $(A_1A_2Q)$ lie on a circle as $A_1A_2$ varies

Claim: $\angle A_1QA_2$, $\angle A_2A_1Q$, $\angle A_1A_2Q$ remain invariant over all $A_1$,$A_2$

Proof:
Fix one $A_1$,$A_2$,

Now, suppose we take another pair, say $B_1,B_2$

Note that $Q$ is the center of the spiral sending $A_1 \rightarrow A_2$, $B_1 \rightarrow B_2$

Which implies that $\triangle A_1QA_2 \sim \triangle B_1QB_2$

Claim: If $O$ is the circumcenter of $(A_1QA_2)$, $\triangle A_1QO$ remains similar as $A_1$ varies

Proof:

Note $Q$ is the spiral center sending all $A_1 \rightarrow O$

As such, the possible positions of $O$ are simply a fixed scaling and translation from every possible position of $A_1$ with respect to the spiral center $Q$

This means that all possible positions of $O$ must cover a circle
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IAmTheHazard
5005 posts
#21 • 1 Y
Y by centslordm
Viewing $CA_1PB_1$ as a complete quadrilateral, $CA_1QA_2$ is cyclic. Therefore, we can delete $C,B_1,B_2$ from the diagram and focus on the center of $(A_1A_2Q)$ as $A_1$ varies around $S_1$. As $A_1$ varies around $S_1$, $\triangle QA_1A_2$ is directly similar to a fixed triangle for spiral similarity reasons, so $\triangle QA_1O$ is directly similar to a fixed triangle as well, where $O$ is the (variable) circumcenter of $\triangle QA_1A_2$. Therefore, it suffices to prove the following "independent" lemma.

Lemma: Let $P$ be a point and suppose that $\triangle PAB$ is directly similar to a fixed triangle as $A$ varies around a circle. Then $B$ varies around a circle too.
Proof: We use complex numbers. WLOG let $p=0$. Then there exists some fixed complex number $z \neq 0$ such that $b=za$ always holds, and the rest is clear. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by IAmTheHazard, Aug 5, 2023, 3:48 PM
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mananaban
36 posts
#22
Y by
wow how did I not see the Miquel point

We first do some angle chasing:
\begin{align*}
\angle A_1QA_2 &= \angle A_1QP + \angle PQB_2 + \angle B_2QA_2 \\
&= \angle A_1B_1P + \angle PA_2B_2 + \angle B_2PA_2 \\
&= \angle A_1B_1P + \angle A_1PB_1 + \angle A_1A_2C \\
&= \angle CA_1A_2 + \angle A_1A_2C \\
\angle A_1QA_2 &= 180^\circ - \angle A_1CA_2
\end{align*}From here, we see that $CA_1QA_2$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Obviously, the circumcenter of $CA_1A_2$ is the same as the circumcenter of $A_1QA_2$, a point we will label as $O$.
The centers of $S_1$ and $S_2$ will be called $O_1$ and $O_2$, respectively. Now, we claim that $OO_1QO_2$ is a cyclic quadrilateral.
In order to prove this, construct the perpendicular bisectors to $A_1Q$ and $A_2Q$. Denote the midpoints of $A_1Q$ and $A_2Q$ as $M$ and $N$, respectively.
Visibly, $OMQN$ is a cyclic quadrilateral, which means that $\angle MQN + \angle MON$.
It is easy to see that the perpendicular bisector of $A_1Q$ passes through both $O_1$ and $O$, while the perpendicular bisector of $A_2Q$ passes through both $O_2$ and $O$. As a result, $\angle MON = \angle O_1OO_2$.
We finish with a short angle chase:
\begin{align*}
180^\circ &= \angle MQN + \angle MON \\
&= \angle A_1QA_2 + \angle O_1OO_2 \\
180^\circ &= \angle O_1QO_2 + O_1OO_2
\end{align*}Thus, $OO_1QO_2$ is a cyclic quadrilateral, and $O$ always lies on $(O_1QO_2)$, a fixed circle. $\blacksquare$
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john0512
4191 posts
#23
Y by
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle A_1A_2C$. Since $Q$ is the Miquel point, we have thta $Q$ is concyclic with the centers of $(A_1PB_1)$, $(A_1A_2C)$, $(B_2B_1C)$, and $(B_2PA_2)$. Since three of these points are $O_1$, $O_2$, and $O$, $O$ always lies on $(QO_1O_2)$, as desired.
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shendrew7
799 posts
#24
Y by
Forgot to post this from WOOT oops

Note $Q$ is the Miquel point of $A_1 B_1 A_2 B_2$. It is a well known Miquel point property that $Q$, $O(A_1 B_1 P)$, $O(A_2 B_2 P)$, $O(A_1 A_2 C)$, and $O(B_1 B_2 C)$ are concyclic.

As the first three are fixed, the locus of $O(A_1 A_2 C)$ lies on a fixed circle. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by shendrew7, May 7, 2024, 1:19 AM
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EpicBird08
1756 posts
#25
Y by
By Miquel, $(A_1 A_2 C)$ also passes through $Q,$ so we just need to show that as $A_1$ varies, the circumcenter of $\triangle A_1 A_2 Q$ lies on a fixed circle.
Invert at $Q$ with arbitrary radius; the problem reduces to the following:

Let $Q$ be a fixed point and $\ell_1, \ell_2$ two fixed lines in the plane which intersect at $P.$ An arbitrary circle passing through $P,Q$ intersects $\ell_1, \ell_2$ at $A_1, A_2,$ respectively. Prove that as the circle varies, the reflection $Q'$ of $Q$ over $A_1 A_2$ lies on a fixed line.

Indeed, if we reflect $Q$ over $\ell_1, \ell_2$ to obtain $Q_1, Q_2,$ the line $Q_1 Q_2$ is fixed and passes through $Q'$ by Simson, so we are done.
Remark: Interesting how I didn't use any complicated Miquel properties.
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Avron
37 posts
#26
Y by
Using directed angles. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $A_1A_2C$ and let $O_1,O_2$ be the centers of $S_1,S_2$, we'll show that O lies on $(O_1O_2Q)$, which is fixed. First note that
\[
\angle A_1QA_2=\angle A_1QP+\angle A_2QP=\angle A_1B_1P+\angle A_2B_2P=-\angle B_1CB_2=\angle A_1CA_2
\]so $A_1A_2CQ$ is cyclic with center $O$, and $\angle A_1OA_2=\angle A_1OQ+\angle A_2OQ=2(\angle O_1OQ+\angle O_2OQ)=2\angle O_1OO_2$, but also:
\[
\angle O_1QO_2 = \angle O_1PO_2=-(\angle A_1PO_1+\angle A_2PO_2)=\angle A_1B_1P+\angle A_2B_2P=\angle A_1CA_2=\angle A_1QA_2=\frac{1}{2}\angle A_1OA_2=\angle O_1OO_2
\]and we're done.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Avron, Apr 10, 2025, 11:21 AM
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