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k a July Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jwelsh   0
Jul 1, 2025
We are halfway through summer, so be sure to carve out some time to keep your skills sharp and explore challenging topics at AoPS Online and our AoPS Academies (including the Virtual Campus)!

[list][*]Over 60 summer classes are starting at the Virtual Campus on July 7th - check out the math and language arts options for middle through high school levels.
[*]At AoPS Online, we have accelerated sections where you can complete a course in half the time by meeting twice/week instead of once/week, starting on July 8th:
[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
[*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
[*]AMC Problem Series[/list]
[*]Plus, AoPS Online has a special seminar July 14 - 17 that is outside the standard fare: Paradoxes and Infinity
[*]We are expanding our in-person AoPS Academy locations - are you looking for a strong community of problem solvers, exemplary instruction, and math and language arts options? Look to see if we have a location near you and enroll in summer camps or academic year classes today! New locations include campuses in California, Georgia, New York, Illinois, and Oregon and more coming soon![/list]

MOP (Math Olympiad Summer Program) just ended and the IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) is right around the corner! This year’s IMO will be held in Australia, July 10th - 20th. Congratulations to all the MOP students for reaching this incredible level and best of luck to all selected to represent their countries at this year’s IMO! Did you know that, in the last 10 years, 59 USA International Math Olympiad team members have medaled and have taken over 360 AoPS Online courses. Take advantage of our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training (WOOT) courses
and train with the best! Please note that early bird pricing ends August 19th!
Are you tired of the heat and thinking about Fall? You can plan your Fall schedule now with classes at either AoPS Online, AoPS Academy Virtual Campus, or one of our AoPS Academies around the US.

Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes start 7:30pm ET/4:30pm PT unless otherwise noted.

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0 replies
jwelsh
Jul 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Gcd Functional equation
EeEeRUT   3
N 5 minutes ago by megarnie
Source: ISL 2025 N7
Let $\mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ denote the set of positive integers. Let $f : \mathbb{Z}_{>0} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ be a function satisfying the following property: for $m,n \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$, the equation
\[
f(mn)^2 = f(m^2)f(f(n))f(f(mf(n)))
\]holds if and only if $m$ and $n$ are coprime.

For each positive integer $n$, determine all the possible values of $f(n)$.
3 replies
+1 w
EeEeRUT
2 hours ago
megarnie
5 minutes ago
2025 IMO P4
sarjinius   14
N 6 minutes ago by trumpeter
Source: 2025 IMO P4
A proper divisor of a positive integer $N$ is a positive divisor of $N$ other than $N$ itself.

The infinite sequence $a_1,a_2,\dots$ consists of positive integers, each of which has at least three proper divisors. For each $n\ge1$, the integer $a_{n+1}$ is the sum of the three largest proper divisors of $a_n$.

Determine all possible values of $a_1$.
14 replies
+6 w
sarjinius
2 hours ago
trumpeter
6 minutes ago
I miss Turbo
sarjinius   6
N 9 minutes ago by yao981113
Source: 2025 IMO P6
Consider a $2025\times2025$ grid of unit squares. Matilda wishes to place on the grid some rectangular tiles, possibly of different sizes, such that each side of every tile lies on a grid line and every unit square is covered by at most one tile.

Determine the minimum number of tiles Matilda needs to place so that each row and each column of the grid has exactly one unit square that is not covered by any tile.
6 replies
+13 w
sarjinius
2 hours ago
yao981113
9 minutes ago
IMO 2025 P5
Stear14   2
N 10 minutes ago by BlazingMuddy
Alice and Bazza are playing the inekoalaty game, a two-player game whose rules depend on a positive real number \(\lambda\) which is known to both players. On the \(n\)-th turn of the game (starting with \(n=1\)) the following happens:

$\bullet \ $ If \(n\) is odd, Alice chooses a non-negative real number \(x_n\) such that
\[
    x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n \leq \lambda n.
    \]$\bullet \ $ If \(n\) is even, Bazza chooses a non-negative real number \(x_n\) such that
\[
    x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2 \leq n.
    \]

If a player cannot choose a suitable \(x_n\), the game ends and the other player wins. If the game goes on forever, neither player wins. All chosen numbers are known to both players.

Determine all values of \(\lambda\) for which Alice has a winning strategy, and all those for which Bazza has a winning strategy.
2 replies
+1 w
Stear14
27 minutes ago
BlazingMuddy
10 minutes ago
IMO 2025 Medal Cutoffs Prediction
GreenTea2593   2
N 15 minutes ago by Korean_fish_Kaohsiung
What are your prediction for IMO 2025 medal cutoffs?
2 replies
GreenTea2593
31 minutes ago
Korean_fish_Kaohsiung
15 minutes ago
Number theory functional equation
CatinoBarbaraCombinatoric   1
N 17 minutes ago by CatinoBarbaraCombinatoric
Source: IMOSL 2024 N7
Let $Z_{>0}$ dente the set of positive integers. Let $f:Z_{>0}\to Z_{>0}$ be a function satisfying the following property: for $m,n\in Z_{>0}$, the equation
$$f(nm)^2=f(m^2)f(f(n))f(mf(n))$$holds if and only if $m$ and $n$ are coprime.
For each positive integer $n$, determine all the possible values of $f(n)$.
1 reply
+1 w
CatinoBarbaraCombinatoric
22 minutes ago
CatinoBarbaraCombinatoric
17 minutes ago
The inekoalaty game
sarjinius   4
N 30 minutes ago by OronSH
Source: 2025 IMO P5
Alice and Bazza are playing the inekoalaty game, a two‑player game whose rules depend on a positive real number $\lambda$ which is known to both players. On the $n$th turn of the game (starting with $n=1$) the following happens:
[list]
[*] If $n$ is odd, Alice chooses a nonnegative real number $x_n$ such that
\[
    x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n \le \lambda n.
  \][*]If $n$ is even, Bazza chooses a nonnegative real number $x_n$ such that
\[
    x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2 \le n.
  \][/list]
If a player cannot choose a suitable $x_n$, the game ends and the other player wins. If the game goes on forever, neither player wins. All chosen numbers are known to both players.

Determine all values of $\lambda$ for which Alice has a winning strategy and all those for which Bazza has a winning strategy.
4 replies
+2 w
sarjinius
2 hours ago
OronSH
30 minutes ago
2024 International Math Olympiad Number Theory Shortlist, Problem 2
brainfertilzer   5
N 37 minutes ago by monval
Source: 2024 ISL N2
Determine all finite, nonempty sets $\mathcal{S}$ of positive integers such that for every $a,b\in\mathcal{S}$ there exists $c\in\mathcal{S}$ with $a\mid b+2c$.
5 replies
brainfertilzer
2 hours ago
monval
37 minutes ago
IMO 2025 P2
sarjinius   52
N 43 minutes ago by Sleepy_Head
Source: 2025 IMO P2
Let $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ be circles with centres $M$ and $N$, respectively, such that the radius of $\Omega$ is less than the radius of $\Gamma$. Suppose $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ intersect at two distinct points $A$ and $B$. Line $MN$ intersects $\Omega$ at $C$ and $\Gamma$ at $D$, so that $C, M, N, D$ lie on $MN$ in that order. Let $P$ be the circumcentre of triangle $ACD$. Line $AP$ meets $\Omega$ again at $E\neq A$ and meets $\Gamma$ again at $F\neq A$. Let $H$ be the orthocentre of triangle $PMN$.

Prove that the line through $H$ parallel to $AP$ is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle $BEF$.
52 replies
sarjinius
Yesterday at 3:38 AM
Sleepy_Head
43 minutes ago
i can't think of a good title for this
Scilyse   6
N an hour ago by pingupignu
Source: 2024 IMOSL G5
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incentre $I$, and let $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of triangle $BIC$. Let $K$ be a point in the interior of segment $BC$ such that $\angle BAK < \angle KAC$. Suppose that the angle bisector of $\angle BKA$ intersects $\Omega$ at points $W$ and $X$ such that $A$ and $W$ lie on the same side of $BC$, and that the angle bisector of $\angle CKA$ intersects $\Omega$ at points $Y$ and $Z$ such that $A$ and $Y$ lie on the same side of $BC$.

Prove that $\angle WAY = \angle ZAX$.
6 replies
Scilyse
2 hours ago
pingupignu
an hour ago
orang NT
KevinYang2.71   11
N an hour ago by InterLoop
Source: ISL 2024 N1
Find all positive integers $n$ with the following property: for all positive divisors $d$ of $n$, we have $d+1\mid n$ or $d+1$ is prime.
11 replies
KevinYang2.71
2 hours ago
InterLoop
an hour ago
I am [not] a parallelogram
peppapig_   9
N an hour ago by ErTeeEs06
Source: ISL 2024/G4
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with $AB$ parallel to $CD$ and $AB<CD$. Lines $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at a point $P$. Point $X$ distinct from $C$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ such that $PC=PX$. Point $Y$ distinct from $D$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $ABD$ such that $PD=PY$. Lines $AX$ and $BY$ intersect at $Q$.

Prove that $PQ$ is parallel to $AB$.

Fedir Yudin, Mykhailo Shtandenko, Anton Trygub, Ukraine
9 replies
peppapig_
2 hours ago
ErTeeEs06
an hour ago
Knight Yuri
RaymondZhu   3
N an hour ago by Assassino9931
Source: ISL 2024 C3
Let $n$ be a positive integer. There are $2n$ knights sitting at a round table. They consist of $n$ pairs of partners, each pair of which wishes to shake hands. A pair can shake hands only when next to each other. Every minute, one pair of adjacent knights swaps places. Find the minimum number of exchanges of adjacent knights such that, regardless of the initial arrangement, every knight can meet her partner and shake hands at some time.
3 replies
RaymondZhu
2 hours ago
Assassino9931
an hour ago
geometry is mAJorly BACk
EpicBird08   7
N an hour ago by ErTeeEs06
Source: ISL 2024/G6
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AB < AC$, and let $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle of $ABC$. Points $X$ and $Y$ lie on $\Gamma$ so that $XY$ and $BC$ meet on the external angle bisector of $\angle BAC$. Suppose that the tangents to $\Gamma$ at $x$ and $Y$ intersect at a point $T$ on the same side of $BC$ as $A$, and that $TX$ and $TY$ intersect $BC$ at $U$ and $V$, respectively. Let $J$ be the centre of the excircle of triangle $TUV$ opposite the vertex $T$.

Prove that $AJ$ bisects $\angle BAC$.
7 replies
EpicBird08
2 hours ago
ErTeeEs06
an hour ago
Non-linear Recursive Sequence
amogususususus   4
N May 25, 2025 by GreekIdiot
Given $a_1=1$ and the recursive relation
$$a_{i+1}=a_i+\frac{1}{a_i}$$for all natural number $i$. Find the general form of $a_n$.

Is there any way to solve this problem and similar ones?
4 replies
amogususususus
Jan 24, 2025
GreekIdiot
May 25, 2025
Non-linear Recursive Sequence
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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amogususususus
372 posts
#1
Y by
Given $a_1=1$ and the recursive relation
$$a_{i+1}=a_i+\frac{1}{a_i}$$for all natural number $i$. Find the general form of $a_n$.

Is there any way to solve this problem and similar ones?
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by amogususususus, Jan 24, 2025, 7:51 AM
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alpha31415
20 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by MathIQ.
I thought it cannot be expressed in a elementary form,for I had seen the evaluation of the sequences many times.
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wh0nix
27 posts
#3
Y by
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SunnyEvan
186 posts
#4
Y by
Given $ a_1=7 $ and the recursive relation for all natural number $ i .$ $ a_{i+1}=a_i+\frac{1}{a_i} $ try to find $ m_{min} $
Where ,$ a_m > 64 .$
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GreekIdiot
322 posts
#5
Y by
$a_n = \sqrt{2n - 1 + \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \frac{1}{a_k^2}}$ is the best I could come up with. Probably no better general form than this.
Z K Y
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