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Possible values of determinant of 0-1 matrices
mathematics2004   4
N 3 hours ago by loup blanc
Source: 2021 Simon Marais, A3
Let $\mathcal{M}$ be the set of all $2021 \times 2021$ matrices with at most two entries in each row equal to $1$ and all other entries equal to $0$.
Determine the size of the set $\{ \det A : A \in M \}$.
Here $\det A$ denotes the determinant of the matrix $A$.
4 replies
mathematics2004
Nov 2, 2021
loup blanc
3 hours ago
ISI UGB 2025
Entrepreneur   1
N 3 hours ago by Knight2E4
Source: ISI UGB 2025
1.)
Suppose $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ is differentiable and $|f'(x)|<\frac 12\;\forall\;x\in\mathbb R.$ Show that for some $x_0\in\mathbb R,f(x_0)=x_0.$

3.)
Suppose $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb R$ is differentiable with $f(0)=0.$ If $|f'(x)|\le f(x)\;\forall\;x\in[0,1],$ then show that $f(x)=0\;\forall\;x.$

4.)
Let $S^1=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|=1\}$ be the unit circle in the complex plane. Let $f:S^1\to S^1$ be the map given by $f(z)=z^2.$ We define $f^{(1)}:=f$ and $f^{(k+1)}=f\circ f^{(k)}$ for $k\ge 1.$ The smallest positive integer $n$ such that $f^n(z)=z$ is called period of $z.$ Determine the total number of points $S^1$ of period $2025.$

6.)
Let $\mathbb N$ denote the set of natural numbers, and let $(a_i,b_i), 1\le i\le 9,$ be nine distinct tuples in $\mathbb N\times\mathbb N.$ Show that there are $3$ distinct elements in the set $\{2^{a_i}3^{b_i}:1\le i\le 9\}$ whose product is a perfect cube.

8.)
Let $n\ge 2$ and let $a_1\le a_2\le\cdots\le a_n$ be positive integers such that $$\sum_{i=1}^n a_i=\prod_{i=1}^n a_i.$$Prove that $$\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\le 2n$$and determine when equality holds.
1 reply
Entrepreneur
May 27, 2025
Knight2E4
3 hours ago
Recurrence trouble
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   3
N 3 hours ago by Knight2E4
Let $0 < x_0 < y_0$ be real numbers. Define $x_{n+1} = \frac{x_n + y_n}{2}$ and $y_{n+1} = \sqrt{x_{n+1}y_n}$.
Prove that $\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} y_n$ and hence find the limit.
3 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
May 28, 2025
Knight2E4
3 hours ago
Trigo or Complex no.?
hzbrl   5
N Today at 9:20 AM by GreenKeeper
(a) Let $y=\cos \phi+\cos 2 \phi$, where $\phi=\frac{2 \pi}{5}$. Verify by direct substitution that $y$ satisfies the quadratic equation $2 y^2=3 y+2$ and deduce that the value of $y$ is $-\frac{1}{2}$.
(b) Let $\theta=\frac{2 \pi}{17}$. Show that $\sum_{k=0}^{16} \cos k \theta=0$
(c) If $z=\cos \theta+\cos 2 \theta+\cos 4 \theta+\cos 8 \theta$, show that the value of $z$ is $-(1-\sqrt{17}) / 4$.



I could solve (a) and (b). Can anyone help me with the 3rd part please?
5 replies
hzbrl
May 27, 2025
GreenKeeper
Today at 9:20 AM
Quadruple Binomial Coefficient Sum
P162008   3
N Today at 4:28 AM by pineconee
Source: Self made by my Elder brother
$\sum_{p=0}^{\infty} \sum_{r=0}^{\infty} \sum_{q=1}^{\infty} \sum_{s=0}^{p+q - 1} \frac{((-1)^{p+r+s+1})(2^{p+q-1}) \binom{p + q - s - 1}{p + q - 2s - 1}}{4^s(2p^2q + 2pqr + pq + qr)(2p + 2q + 2r + 3)}.$
3 replies
P162008
Yesterday at 8:04 PM
pineconee
Today at 4:28 AM
2023 Putnam A1
giginori   29
N Yesterday at 10:52 PM by kidsbian
For a positive integer $n$, let $f_n(x)=\cos (x) \cos (2 x) \cos (3 x) \cdots \cos (n x)$. Find the smallest $n$ such that $\left|f_n^{\prime \prime}(0)\right|>2023$.
29 replies
giginori
Dec 3, 2023
kidsbian
Yesterday at 10:52 PM
A MATHEMATICA E BONITA
P162008   0
Yesterday at 7:54 PM
Source: Self made by my Elder brother
Let $K = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} \sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\sum_{l=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(i+j+m+l)!}$ where $i,j,k$ and $l \in W.$

Now, consider the ratio $Z$ defined as
$Z = \frac{\sum_{r=0}^{\lfloor k \rfloor} \sum_{i=0}^{\lfloor k \rfloor} (-1)^r \binom{\lfloor k \rfloor}{r}(\lfloor k \rfloor - r)^i}{\sum_{r=0}^{\lfloor k \rfloor + 1}(-1)^r\binom{\lfloor k \rfloor + 1}{r}(\lfloor k \rfloor + 1 - r)^{\lfloor k \rfloor + 1}}.$

The summation function $S(n)$ is given by
$S(n) = \sum_{j=1}^{n} \left(\binom{n}{j} (j!)\left(\sum_{b=0}^{j} \frac{(-1)^b}{b!}\right)\right)$

Let $p$ denotes the number of points of intersection between the curves
$x^2 + y^2 - \tan(e^x) - \frac{|x|}{\sin y} = 0, (x\sin (a))^y + (y - x\cos(a))^x = |a|.$

Define $A(m)$ as
$A(m) = p\left(\sum_{k=0}^{m} \binom{2m + 1}{k} ((2m + 1) - 2k) (-1)^k\right).$

The value of $X$ is
$X = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\sqrt{n}}{e^n} \text{exp} \left(\int_{0}^{\infty} \lfloor ne^{-x} \rfloor \text{dx}\right).$

And, $8Y =$ Number of subsets of $\left(1,2,3,\cdots,100\right)$ whose sum of elements is divisible by $5.$

Finally, compute the value of $\frac{1}{Z} +S(4) + 1 + e^{A(20)} + X\sqrt{8\pi} + Y.$
0 replies
P162008
Yesterday at 7:54 PM
0 replies
Ultra-hyper saddle with logarithmic weight
randomperson1021   0
Yesterday at 5:22 PM
Fix integers \(k\ge 3\) and \(1<r<k\), a parameter \(\lambda>0\), and a real log-exponent \(\beta\in\mathbb R\). For every real \(a\) define
$$
F_{a,\beta}^{(k,r)}(x)
  \;:=\;
  \sum_{n\ge 1}
       n^{\,a}\,(\log n)^{\beta}\,e^{\lambda n^{r}}\,x^{\,n^{k}},
  \qquad 0\le x<1.
$$
Put
$$
\Lambda_{k,r,\lambda}
   \;:=\;
   \lambda\!\left(1-\frac{r}{k}\right)
   \left(\frac{\lambda r}{k}\right)^{\!\frac{r}{\,k-r\,}},
   \qquad
   \gamma=\frac{r}{k-r}.
$$
(1) Show that there exists a real constant \(c=c(k,r)\) (independent of \(\lambda\) and of \(\beta\)) such that
$$
\lim_{x\to 1^{-}}
      F_{a,\beta}^{(k,r)}(x)\,
      e^{-\Lambda_{k,r,\lambda}\,(1-x)^{-\gamma}}
      \;=\;
      \begin{cases}
          0, & a<c,\\[6pt]
          \infty, & a>c.
      \end{cases}
$$
(2) Determine this critical value \(c\) explicitly and verify that it coincides with the classical case \(r=1\), namely \(c=-\tfrac12\).

(3) Evaluate the finite, non-zero limit that occurs at the borderline \(a=c\) (your answer may depend on \(k,r,\lambda\) but not on \(\beta\)).
0 replies
randomperson1021
Yesterday at 5:22 PM
0 replies
3rd AKhIMO for university students, P5
UzbekMathematician   1
N Yesterday at 3:53 PM by grupyorum
Source: AKhIMO 2025, P5
Show that for every positive integer $n$ there exist nonnegative integers $p, q$ and integers $a_1, a_2, ... , a_p, b_1, b_2, ... , b_q \ge 2$ such that $$ n=\frac{(a_1^3-1)(a_2^3-1)...(a_p^3-1)}{(b_1^3-1)(b_2^3-1)...(b_q^3-1)} $$
1 reply
UzbekMathematician
May 28, 2025
grupyorum
Yesterday at 3:53 PM
Sum of three squares
perfect_radio   9
N Yesterday at 1:36 PM by RobertRogo
Source: RMO 2004, Grade 12, Problem 4
Let $\mathcal K$ be a field of characteristic $p$, $p \equiv 1 \left( \bmod 4 \right)$.

(a) Prove that $-1$ is the square of an element from $\mathcal K.$

(b) Prove that any element $\neq 0$ from $\mathcal K$ can be written as the sum of three squares, each $\neq 0$, of elements from $\mathcal K$.

(c) Can $0$ be written in the same way?

Marian Andronache
9 replies
perfect_radio
Feb 26, 2006
RobertRogo
Yesterday at 1:36 PM
a