Join our FREE webinar on May 1st to learn about managing anxiety.

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
P>2D
gwen01   4
N 11 minutes ago by Rohit-2006
Source: Baltic Way 1992 #18
Show that in a non-obtuse triangle the perimeter of the triangle is always greater than two times the diameter of the circumcircle.
4 replies
gwen01
Feb 18, 2009
Rohit-2006
11 minutes ago
BMO 2024 SL A1
MuradSafarli   9
N 11 minutes ago by zhaoli
A1.

Let \( u, v, w \) be positive reals. Prove that there is a cyclic permutation \( (x, y, z) \) of \( (u, v, w) \) such that the inequality:

\[
\frac{a}{xa + yb + zc} + \frac{b}{xb + yc + za} + \frac{c}{xc + ya + zb} \geq \frac{3}{x + y + z}
\]
holds for all positive real numbers \( a, b \) and \( c \).
9 replies
MuradSafarli
Apr 27, 2025
zhaoli
11 minutes ago
Canmoo the construction master
MathLuis   9
N 14 minutes ago by cj13609517288
Source: USEMO 2023 Problem 3
Canmoo is trying to do constructions, but doesn't have a ruler or compass. Instead, Canmoo has a device that, given four distinct points $A$, $B$, $C$, $P$ in the plane, will mark the isogonal conjugate of $P$ with respect to triangle $ABC$, if it exists. Show that if two points are marked on the plane, then Canmoo can construct their midpoint using this device, a pencil for marking additional points, and no other tools.

(Recall that the isogonal conjugate of $P$ with respect to triangle $ABC$ is the point $Q$ such that lines $AP$ and $AQ$ are reflections around the bisector of $\angle BAC$, lines $BP$ and $BQ$ are reflections around the bisector of $\angle CBA$, lines $CP$ and $CQ$ are reflections around the bisector of $\angle ACB$. Additional points marked by the pencil can be assumed to be in general position, meaning they don't lie on any line through two existing points or any circle through three existing points.)


Maxim Li
9 replies
MathLuis
Oct 21, 2023
cj13609517288
14 minutes ago
Inspired by JK1603JK
sqing   2
N 17 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c $ be reals such that $  abc\neq 0$ and $ a+b+c=0.  $ Prove that
$$\left|\frac{a-b}{c}\right|+k\left|\frac{b-c}{a} \right|+k^2\left|\frac{c-a}{b} \right|\ge 3(k+1)$$Where $ k\geq 1.$
$$\left|\frac{a-b}{c}\right|+2\left|\frac{b-c}{a} \right|+4\left|\frac{c-a}{b} \right|\ge 9$$
2 replies
+1 w
sqing
4 hours ago
sqing
17 minutes ago
Range of 2 parameters and Convergency of Improper Integral
Kunihiko_Chikaya   3
N 2 hours ago by Mathzeus1024
Source: 2012 Kyoto University Master Course in Mathematics
Let $\alpha,\ \beta$ be real numbers. Find the ranges of $\alpha,\ \beta$ such that the improper integral $\int_1^{\infty} \frac{x^{\alpha}\ln x}{(1+x)^{\beta}}$ converges.
3 replies
Kunihiko_Chikaya
Aug 21, 2012
Mathzeus1024
2 hours ago
Matrix Row and column relation.
Schro   6
N Today at 6:20 AM by Schro
If ith row of a matrix A is dependent,Then ith column of A is also dependent and vice versa .

Am i correct...
6 replies
Schro
Apr 28, 2025
Schro
Today at 6:20 AM
A small problem in group theory
qingshushuxue   2
N Today at 4:42 AM by qingshushuxue
Assume that $G,A,B,C$ are group. If $G=\left( AB \right) \bigcup \left( CA \right)$, prove that $G=AB$ or $G=CA$.

where $$A,B,C\subset G,AB\triangleq \left\{ ab:a\in A,b\in B \right\}.$$
2 replies
qingshushuxue
Today at 2:06 AM
qingshushuxue
Today at 4:42 AM
Putnam 1958 February A5
sqrtX   3
N Today at 2:19 AM by centslordm
Source: Putnam 1958 February
Show that the integral equation
$$f(x,y) = 1 + \int_{0}^{x} \int_{0}^{y} f(u,v) \, du \, dv$$has at most one solution continuous for $0\leq x \leq 1, 0\leq y \leq 1.$
3 replies
sqrtX
Jul 18, 2022
centslordm
Today at 2:19 AM
Putnam 1958 February A4
sqrtX   2
N Today at 2:14 AM by centslordm
Source: Putnam 1958 February
If $a_1 ,a_2 ,\ldots, a_n$ are complex numbers such that
$$ |a_1| =|a_2 | =\cdots = |a_n| =r \ne 0,$$and if $T_s$ denotes the sum of all products of these $n$ numbers taken $s$ at a time, prove that
$$ \left| \frac{T_s }{T_{n-s}}\right| =r^{2s-n}$$whenever the denominator of the left-hand side is different from $0$.
2 replies
sqrtX
Jul 18, 2022
centslordm
Today at 2:14 AM
analysis
Hello_Kitty   2
N Yesterday at 10:37 PM by Hello_Kitty
what is the range of $f=x+2y+3z$ for any positive reals satifying $z+2y+3x<1$ ?
2 replies
Hello_Kitty
Yesterday at 9:59 PM
Hello_Kitty
Yesterday at 10:37 PM
Putnam 1958 February A1
sqrtX   2
N Yesterday at 10:32 PM by centslordm
Source: Putnam 1958 February
If $a_0 , a_1 ,\ldots, a_n$ are real number satisfying
$$ \frac{a_0 }{1} + \frac{a_1 }{2} + \ldots + \frac{a_n }{n+1}=0,$$show that the equation $a_n x^n + \ldots +a_1 x+a_0 =0$ has at least one real root.
2 replies
sqrtX
Jul 18, 2022
centslordm
Yesterday at 10:32 PM
Does the sequence log(1+sink)/k converge?
tom-nowy   2
N Yesterday at 9:25 PM by Hello_Kitty
Source: Question arising while viewing https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c7h3556569
Does the sequence $$ \frac{\ln(1+\sin k)}{k} \;\;\;(k=1,2,3,\ldots) $$converge?
2 replies
tom-nowy
Yesterday at 10:35 AM
Hello_Kitty
Yesterday at 9:25 PM
integration
We2592   2
N Yesterday at 7:53 PM by Litvinov
Q) solve the integration
$\int_{0}^{\alpha} \frac{d\theta}{\sqrt{cos\theta-cos\alpha}}$
2 replies
We2592
Apr 25, 2025
Litvinov
Yesterday at 7:53 PM
Evaluate: $\lim_{h\to 0^{-}} \frac{-1}{h}.$
Vulch   4
N Yesterday at 5:35 PM by Vulch
Respected users,
I am asking for better solution of the following problem with excellent explanation.
Thank you!

Evaluate: $\lim_{h\to 0^{-}} \frac{-1}{h}.$
4 replies
Vulch
Yesterday at 2:33 AM
Vulch
Yesterday at 5:35 PM
Using search function
pco   11
N Oct 1, 2022 by Moubinool
I often request that posters use the search function before posting a [not so] new problem (look at the little magnifying glass symbol just at the right of the forum name on the top of forum window, or also here).

Why ?

I received in PM some remarks about the fact that search function seems very often to give tons of results without any link with the searched problem. Here are some tips I frequently use :

1) use quotes for strings : search "P(x^2-1)" instead of P(x^2-1)

2) dont hesitate to use the character "+" which means "mandatory"

3) Split long strings in order to find problems where strings are not in the same order :
Instead of +"f(2x+f(y))=f(2x)+f(f(y))+xf(2y)", prefer +"f(2x+f(y))" +"f(2x)" +"f(f(y))" +"xf(2y)"
So you'll find $f(2x+f(y))=f(2x)+f(f(y))+xf(2y)+f(f(y))$

4) If the problem you are looking for contains strings as "2015" or "2016", try to exclude these strings from search term since this is likely an "annual problem" and it may have been posted wu=ith older years?
For example +"f(x-f(y)" +"f(x+y^" +"f(f(y)+y^" will find $f(x+f(y))=f(x+y^{2016})+f(f(y)+y^{2016})$ as well as $f(x+f(y))=f(x+y^{2002})+f(f(y)+y^{2002})$

5) if the problem you are looking for uses function $g(x)$ or $h(x)$, dont hesitate to search also for function name $f(x)$ which is generally the name of the "unknown" function in a FE problem.

6) Dont hesitate also to search for similar problem, just swapping variables $x,y$ (for example search also for FE "$f(1+xf(y))=yf(x+y)$" when you want to solve "$f(1+yf(x))=xf(x+y)$")

For example :
Searching for problem $P(x^2-1)=P(x)P(-x)$ :
+"P(x^2-1)" +"P(-x)"
(I avoid using +"P(x)P(-x)" which would miss $P(-x)P(x)$ or $P(x).P(-x)$)

Searching for problem $f(x+yf(x))=f(f(x))+f(y)$ :
+"f(x+yf(x))" +"f(f(x))"
(I avoid including the +f(y) in the second item in order to find both f(y)+f(f(x)) and f(f(x))+f(y))

Searching for problem $g(x+y)+g(x)g(y)=g(xy)+g(x)+g(y)$ :
+"f(x+y)+f(x)f(y)" +"f(xy)+f(x)+f(y)"
(I prefered using $f()$ instead of $g())
11 replies
pco
Oct 28, 2016
Moubinool
Oct 1, 2022
Using search function
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
pco
23508 posts
#1 • 126 Y
Y by Derive_Foiler, Tintarn, lmht, rafayaashary1, nicky-glass, sansae, 62861, bobthesmartypants, bel.jad5, talkon, yassinelbk007, Python54, shinichiman, rkm0959, randomusername, Ankoganit, fattypiggy123, Med_Sqrt, pi_Plus_45x23, adityaguharoy, Filipjack, lminsl, artsolver, TheOneYouWant, Ghoshadi, Akatsuki1010, Lsway, Churent, v_Enhance, muradmurad, Gluncho, ydr202020, sheripqr, TomMarvoloRiddle, equinox145111, Vimath, Snakes, Shaddoll1234, Wizard_32, QWERTYphysics, AnArtist, saiii456, Supercali, Amir Hossein, gmail.com, MNJ2357, lkarhat, enthusiast101, NiltonCesar, opptoinfinity, AlastorMoody, harry1234, mathisreal, Centralorbit, Jerry37284, MathPassionForever, Pluto1708, Plasma_Vortex, BEHZOD_UZ, Durga01, Aryan-23, amar_04, Feridimo, AmirKhusrau, Mathmick51, OliverA, Antara_Dey_temporaryacc, Abidabi, p_square, Bumblebee60, FatherOfIngenuity, aa1024, Kar-98k, IAmTheHazard, fjm30, Fedor Petrov, AFSA, Aritra12, test20, matinyousefi, hsiangshen, TheBarioBario, iman007, lneis1, mathingbingo, Kanep, Functional_equation, arqady, Supernova283, GCA, teomihai, Pluto04, animath_314159, OlympusHero, tenebrine, ZHEKSHEN, mango5, megarnie, tigerzhang, Darkztar, EmilXM, RubixMaster21, centslordm, mrdriller, rayfish, laikhanhhoang_3011, pi_quadrat_sechstel, JUSTemom, qwertyboyfromalotoftime, myh2910, ghu2024, Quidditch, CyclicISLscelesTrapezoid, David-Vieta, IMUKAT, thedodecagon, Seungjun_Lee, math_comb01, cos111, FreDER, Adventure10, Fatemeh06, Mango247, Tellocan, Arslan, ehuseyinyigit
I often request that posters use the search function before posting a [not so] new problem (look at the little magnifying glass symbol just at the right of the forum name on the top of forum window, or also here).

Why ?

I received in PM some remarks about the fact that search function seems very often to give tons of results without any link with the searched problem. Here are some tips I frequently use :

1) use quotes for strings : search "P(x^2-1)" instead of P(x^2-1)

2) dont hesitate to use the character "+" which means "mandatory"

3) Split long strings in order to find problems where strings are not in the same order :
Instead of +"f(2x+f(y))=f(2x)+f(f(y))+xf(2y)", prefer +"f(2x+f(y))" +"f(2x)" +"f(f(y))" +"xf(2y)"
So you'll find $f(2x+f(y))=f(2x)+f(f(y))+xf(2y)+f(f(y))$

4) If the problem you are looking for contains strings as "2015" or "2016", try to exclude these strings from search term since this is likely an "annual problem" and it may have been posted wu=ith older years?
For example +"f(x-f(y)" +"f(x+y^" +"f(f(y)+y^" will find $f(x+f(y))=f(x+y^{2016})+f(f(y)+y^{2016})$ as well as $f(x+f(y))=f(x+y^{2002})+f(f(y)+y^{2002})$

5) if the problem you are looking for uses function $g(x)$ or $h(x)$, dont hesitate to search also for function name $f(x)$ which is generally the name of the "unknown" function in a FE problem.

6) Dont hesitate also to search for similar problem, just swapping variables $x,y$ (for example search also for FE "$f(1+xf(y))=yf(x+y)$" when you want to solve "$f(1+yf(x))=xf(x+y)$")

For example :
Searching for problem $P(x^2-1)=P(x)P(-x)$ :
+"P(x^2-1)" +"P(-x)"
(I avoid using +"P(x)P(-x)" which would miss $P(-x)P(x)$ or $P(x).P(-x)$)

Searching for problem $f(x+yf(x))=f(f(x))+f(y)$ :
+"f(x+yf(x))" +"f(f(x))"
(I avoid including the +f(y) in the second item in order to find both f(y)+f(f(x)) and f(f(x))+f(y))

Searching for problem $g(x+y)+g(x)g(y)=g(xy)+g(x)+g(y)$ :
+"f(x+y)+f(x)f(y)" +"f(xy)+f(x)+f(y)"
(I prefered using $f()$ instead of $g())
This post has been edited 7 times. Last edited by pco, Jan 26, 2021, 9:36 AM
Reason: Added tip 6
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Skravin
763 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
must had been irritated by n(I'd not mention actual nick) guy
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
lmht
147 posts
#3 • 7 Y
Y by Tanb, gmail.com, karitoshi, amar_04, OliverA, Adventure10, Mango247
How to search about geometry ? :-D
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
pco
23508 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by mathisreal, Adventure10, Mango247
Added tip 4
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#8 • 5 Y
Y by NiltonCesar, amar_04, AmirKhusrau, OliverA, Adventure10
Seriously....can someone tell how to search for a geometry problem....or geometry problems having sort of same configuration??
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
AmirKhusrau
230 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
AlastorMoody wrote:
Seriously....can someone tell how to search for a geometry problem....or geometry problems having sort of same configuration??

Anyone???
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
pco
23508 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Mango247, Mango247
Added tip 5
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
pco
23508 posts
#12
Y by
Added tip 6
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Aopamy
1562 posts
#13
Y by
uhhh... how to search for geometry problems effectively?
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
oVlad
1742 posts
#14
Y by
Thanks for the tips!
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Facejo
2849 posts
#15 • 2 Y
Y by EmilXM, MetaphysicalWukong
This should be an announcement tbh
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Moubinool
5567 posts
#16
Y by
pco thanks
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a