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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Inspired by lgx57
sqing   0
11 minutes ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0, a^4+ab+b^4=60 $. Prove that
$$30<4a^2+ab+4b^2 \leq \frac{9(\sqrt{481}-1)}{4}$$$$30<4a^2-ab+4b^2 \leq \frac{7(\sqrt{481}-1)}{4}$$Let $ a,b>0, a^4-ab+b^4=60 $. Prove that
$$30<4a^2+ab+4b^2 \leq \frac{9(\sqrt{481}+1)}{4}$$$$30<4a^2-ab+4b^2 \leq \frac{7(\sqrt{481}+1)}{4}$$
0 replies
2 viewing
sqing
11 minutes ago
0 replies
Geometry
Lukariman   4
N 19 minutes ago by lbh_qys
Given circle (O) and point P outside (O). From P draw tangents PA and PB to (O) with contact points A, B. On the opposite ray of ray BP, take point M. The circle circumscribing triangle APM intersects (O) at the second point D. Let H be the projection of B on AM. Prove that $\angle HDM$ = 2∠AMP.
4 replies
1 viewing
Lukariman
Yesterday at 12:43 PM
lbh_qys
19 minutes ago
Need help with barycentric
Sadigly   0
40 minutes ago
Hi,is there a good handout/book that explains barycentric,other than EGMO?
0 replies
Sadigly
40 minutes ago
0 replies
Combinatorics
P162008   3
N an hour ago by P162008
Let $m,n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Let $[n]$ denote the set of natural numbers less than or equal to $n.$

Let $f(m,n) = \sum_{(x_1,x_2,x_3, \cdots, x_m) \in [n]^{m}} \frac{x_1}{x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + \cdots + x_m} \binom{n}{x_1} \binom{n}{x_2} \binom{n}{x_3} \cdots \binom{n}{x_m} 2^{\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} x_i\right)}$

Compute the sum of the digits of $f(4,4).$
3 replies
P162008
4 hours ago
P162008
an hour ago
Find min and max
lgx57   0
2 hours ago
Source: Own
$x_1,x_2, \cdots ,x_n\ge 0$,$\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n x_i=m$. $k_1,k_2,\cdots,k_n >0$. Find min and max of
$$\sum_{i=1}^n(k_i\prod_{j=1}^i x_j)$$
0 replies
lgx57
2 hours ago
0 replies
Find min
lgx57   0
2 hours ago
Source: Own
$a,b>0$, $a^4+ab+b^4=60$. Find min of
$$4a^2-ab+4b^2$$
$a,b>0$, $a^4-ab+b^4=60$. Find min of
$$4a^2-ab+4b^2$$
0 replies
1 viewing
lgx57
2 hours ago
0 replies
III Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2013 - Problem 5
DavidAndrade   2
N 3 hours ago by KTYC
Find all the numbers of $5$ non-zero digits such that deleting consecutively the digit of the left, in each step, we obtain a divisor of the previous number.
2 replies
DavidAndrade
Aug 12, 2013
KTYC
3 hours ago
Maximum number of terms in the sequence
orl   11
N 3 hours ago by navier3072
Source: IMO LongList, Vietnam 1, IMO 1977, Day 1, Problem 2
In a finite sequence of real numbers the sum of any seven successive terms is negative and the sum of any eleven successive terms is positive. Determine the maximum number of terms in the sequence.
11 replies
orl
Nov 12, 2005
navier3072
3 hours ago
USAMO 2003 Problem 1
MithsApprentice   68
N 3 hours ago by Mamadi
Prove that for every positive integer $n$ there exists an $n$-digit number divisible by $5^n$ all of whose digits are odd.
68 replies
MithsApprentice
Sep 27, 2005
Mamadi
3 hours ago
Centroid, altitudes and medians, and concyclic points
BR1F1SZ   3
N 4 hours ago by EeEeRUT
Source: Austria National MO Part 1 Problem 2
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be an acute triangle with $BC > AC$. Let $S$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC$ and let $F$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $C$ to side $AB$. The median $CS$ intersects the circumcircle $\gamma$ of triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ at a second point $P$. Let $M$ be the point where $CS$ intersects $AB$. The line $SF$ intersects the circle $\gamma$ at a point $Q$, such that $F$ lies between $S$ and $Q$. Prove that the points $M,P,Q$ and $F$ lie on a circle.

(Karl Czakler)
3 replies
BR1F1SZ
Monday at 9:45 PM
EeEeRUT
4 hours ago
IMO Genre Predictions
ohiorizzler1434   60
N 4 hours ago by Yiyj
Everybody, with IMO upcoming, what are you predictions for the problem genres?


Personally I predict: predict
60 replies
ohiorizzler1434
May 3, 2025
Yiyj
4 hours ago
square root problem
kjhgyuio   5
N 4 hours ago by Solar Plexsus
........
5 replies
kjhgyuio
May 3, 2025
Solar Plexsus
4 hours ago
Diodes and usamons
v_Enhance   47
N 4 hours ago by EeEeRUT
Source: USA December TST for the 56th IMO, by Linus Hamilton
A physicist encounters $2015$ atoms called usamons. Each usamon either has one electron or zero electrons, and the physicist can't tell the difference. The physicist's only tool is a diode. The physicist may connect the diode from any usamon $A$ to any other usamon $B$. (This connection is directed.) When she does so, if usamon $A$ has an electron and usamon $B$ does not, then the electron jumps from $A$ to $B$. In any other case, nothing happens. In addition, the physicist cannot tell whether an electron jumps during any given step. The physicist's goal is to isolate two usamons that she is sure are currently in the same state. Is there any series of diode usage that makes this possible?

Proposed by Linus Hamilton
47 replies
v_Enhance
Dec 17, 2014
EeEeRUT
4 hours ago
3-var inequality
sqing   1
N 5 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b\geq  0 ,a^3-ab+b^3=1  $. Prove that
$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq     \frac{a}{a^2+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^2+3}   \geq  \frac{1}{4}$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq     \frac{a}{a^3+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^3+3}   \geq  \frac{1}{4}$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ ab+2}  \geq  \frac{1}{3}$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^3+ ab+2}  \geq  \frac{1}{3}$$Let $ a,b\geq  0 ,a^3+ab+b^3=3  $. Prove that
$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq     \frac{a}{a^2+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^2+3}   \geq  \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}+\sqrt[3]{3}-1)$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq     \frac{a}{a^3+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^3+3}   \geq  \frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{9}}$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ ab+2}  \geq  \frac{4\sqrt[3]{3}+3\sqrt[3]{9}-6}{17}$$$$  \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^3+ ab+2}  \geq  \frac{\sqrt[3]{3}}{5}$$
1 reply
sqing
5 hours ago
sqing
5 hours ago
Isogonal Conjugate lies on Euler line.
WizardMath   3
N Feb 14, 2023 by archimedes26
Source: Own, withdrawn from LMAO shortlist
Let the cevian triangle of the isotomic conjugate of the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$ be $\triangle XYZ$ and let the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$ be $H$. Then prove that the isogonal conjugate of $H$ wrt $\triangle XYZ$ lies on the Euler line $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{E}$ of $\triangle ABC$.
3 replies
WizardMath
Jul 25, 2017
archimedes26
Feb 14, 2023
Isogonal Conjugate lies on Euler line.
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Own, withdrawn from LMAO shortlist
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WizardMath
2487 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let the cevian triangle of the isotomic conjugate of the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$ be $\triangle XYZ$ and let the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$ be $H$. Then prove that the isogonal conjugate of $H$ wrt $\triangle XYZ$ lies on the Euler line $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{E}$ of $\triangle ABC$.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by WizardMath, Jul 25, 2017, 1:16 PM
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TelvCohl
2312 posts
#3 • 6 Y
Y by WizardMath, zed1969, Akatsuki1010, enhanced, AlastorMoody, Adventure10
Lemma : Given a $ \triangle ABC $ with circumcenter $ O, $ orthic triangle $ \triangle H_aH_bH_c, $ tangential triangle $ \triangle XYZ. $ Let $ V $ be the isogonal conjugate (WRT $ \triangle ABC $) of the isotomic conjugate of $ O $ WRT $ \triangle ABC $ and $ \triangle M_XM_YM_Z $ be the medial triangle of $ \triangle XYZ. $ Then $ V $ is the homothetic center of $ \triangle H_aH_bH_c, $ $ \triangle M_XM_YM_Z. $

Proof : Let $ O_X $ be the midpoint of $ OX $ and $ E,F $ be the intersection of $ AC,AB $ with $ OZ,OY,
 $ respectively, then $ E,F $ lie on the X -midline $ M_YM_Z $ of $ \triangle XYZ. $ Let $ \triangle I_XI_YI_Z $ be the excentral triangle of $ \triangle M_XM_YM_Z, $ then it's clear that $ \triangle AEF \cup O $ and $ \triangle I_XM_YM_Z\cup O_X $ are homothetic, so $ AI_X, $ $ EF, $ $ OO_X $ are concurrent.

On the other hand, $ E, $ $ F $ lie on the circle $ \odot (O_X) $ with center $ O_X $ and diameter $ OX, $ so $ BC $ and $ EF $ are antiparallel WRT $ \angle A $ and $ \triangle BOC $ $ \stackrel{-}{\sim} $ $ \triangle FO_XE, $ $ \Longrightarrow $ $ V $ lies on $ AI_X. $ Similarly, we can prove $ V $ lies on $ BI_Y, $ $ CI_Z, $ so $ V $ is the homothetic center of $ \triangle ABC \cup \triangle H_aH_bH_c, $ $ \triangle I_XI_YI_Z \cup  \triangle M_XM_YM_Z. $ $ \qquad \blacksquare $

Corollary : Given a $ \triangle ABC $ with orthocenter $ H, $ circumcenter $ O. $ Let $ O^* $ be the isotomic conjugate of $ O $ WRT $ \triangle ABC $ and $ \mathcal{H} $ be the circum-rectangular hyperbola of $ \triangle ABC $ passing through $ O^*. $ Then $ OH $ is a tangent of $ \mathcal{H}. $

Proof : Let $ \triangle H_aH_bH_c $ be the orthic triangle of $ \triangle ABC $ and $ T $ be the Nagel point of $ \triangle H_aH_bH_c. $ Since $ T $ is the crosspoint of $ O $ and $ H $ WRT $ \triangle ABC, $ so $ OT $ is tangent to the Jerabek hyperbola $ \mathcal{J} $ of $ \triangle ABC $ at $ O. $ On the other hand, by Lemma we get $ OT $ passes through the isogonal conjugate of $ O^* $ WRT $ \triangle ABC, $ so $ OH $ is tangent to $ \mathcal{H} $ at $ H. $ $ \qquad \blacksquare $
____________________________________________________________
Back to the main problem :

Let $ O^* $ be the isotomic conjugate of the circumcenter of $ \triangle ABC $ WRT $ \triangle ABC $ and let $ \mathcal{H} $ be the circum-rectangular hyperbola of $ \triangle ABC $ passing through $ O^*. $ Notice the tangent of $ \mathcal{H} $ at $ H $ passes through the isogonal conjugate $ W $ of $ H $ WRT $ \triangle XYZ, $ so by Corollary we conclude that $ W $ lies on the Euler line of $ \triangle ABC. $ $ \qquad \blacksquare $
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houkai
83 posts
#4 • 4 Y
Y by WizardMath, AlastorMoody, Adventure10, Mango247
Triangle $ABC$, given a point $T$, define it's isotomic conjugate $T'$, and isogonal conjugate of $T'$ be $T^*$
Let $O, G, H$ be circumcenter, centroid, orthocenter respectively.
It's sufficient to proof that $O^*O$ tangent to the Jerabek hyperbola $J$ of $ABC$

First of all, noticed that $H'$ lies on $J$, $H', G, G^*$ are collinear, $OG^* \parallel HH'$ and the image of isotomic conjugate of $J$ is $HH'$

Cause the image of a line after isotomic and isogonal transform is still a line, $O^*, G^*, H^*$ are collinear. $$G^*(G^*, H'; O, H) = (G, H^*; H, O) $$so $O^*G^*$ is tangent to $J$. Let the center of $J$ be $X_{125}$, the midpoint of $OG^*$ be $S$, We want to proof $O^*, X_{125}, S$ are collinear, it's well-known that this line pass through $G$ and Tarry point (the fourth intersection of $(ABC)$ and Kiepert hyperbola of $ABC$.)
Let the isotomic conjugate of $G^*$ be $K'$, $G^*$ lies on $J$ so $K'$ lies on $HH'$. Since both $(O, O'), (G^*, K')$ are isotomic conjugate, so $OK'$ pass through the isotomic conjugate of the infinitely point on $OG^*$, consider the image of this line after isotomic and isogonal conjugate, it will lead to the fact that $O^*, X_{125}, S$ are collinear, as desired.
Remark. Or you can just proof that isogonal conjugate of isotomic conjugate of ninepoint center wrt $ABC$, is the centroid of orthic triangle wrt $ABC$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by houkai, Jul 29, 2017, 5:01 AM
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archimedes26
612 posts
#5
Y by
The point is $X(14188)$.
A Construction is as follows. (This construction is not mentioned in ETC).
Let $H=X(4)$-Orthocenter of $ABC$. Parallel fron $H$ to $BC$ intersect the $AC, AB$ at $Ab, Ac$ resp.
Define $BA, Bc, Ca, Cb$ cyclically. $H_A$: Inverse of $H$ respect to circle $(ABcCb)$. Define $H_B, H_C$ cyclically.

* $O'$: Circumcenter of $H_AH_BH_C$ lies on Euler line of $ABC$. $O'=X(14118)$.
Figure:
https://geometry-diary.blogspot.com/2023/02/1904-construction-for-x14118.html
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