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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
official solution of IGO
ABCD1728   7
N 8 minutes ago by ABCD1728
Source: IGO official website
Where can I get the official solution of IGO for 2023 and 2024, there are some inhttps://imogeometry.blogspot.com/p/iranian-geometry-olympiad.html, but where can I find them on the official website, thanks :)
7 replies
1 viewing
ABCD1728
May 4, 2025
ABCD1728
8 minutes ago
Combo geo with circles
a_507_bc   10
N 11 minutes ago by EthanWYX2009
Source: 239 MO 2024 S8
There are $2n$ points on the plane. No three of them lie on the same straight line and no four lie on the same circle. Prove that it is possible to split these points into $n$ pairs and cover each pair of points with a circle containing no other points.
10 replies
a_507_bc
May 22, 2024
EthanWYX2009
11 minutes ago
Vietnam TST #5
IMOStarter   2
N 17 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: Vietnam TST 2022 P5
A fractional number $x$ is called pretty if it has finite expression in base$-b$ numeral system, $b$ is a positive integer in $[2;2022]$. Prove that there exists finite positive integers $n\geq 4$ that with every $m$ in $(\frac{2n}{3}; n)$ then there is at least one pretty number between $\frac{m}{n-m}$ and $\frac{n-m}{m}$
2 replies
IMOStarter
Apr 27, 2022
cursed_tangent1434
17 minutes ago
Squares consisting of digits 0, 4, 9
VicKmath7   4
N 32 minutes ago by NicoN9
Source: Bulgaria MO Regional round 2024, 9.3
A positive integer $n$ is called a $\textit{supersquare}$ if there exists a positive integer $m$, such that $10 \nmid m$ and the decimal representation of $n=m^2$ consists only of digits among $\{0, 4, 9\}$. Are there infinitely many $\textit{supersquares}$?
4 replies
VicKmath7
Feb 13, 2024
NicoN9
32 minutes ago
Combinatorial Sum
P162008   0
42 minutes ago
Source: ARML
Compute the greatest integer $k$ such that $2^k$ divides

$\sum_{0 \leq i < j \leq 2024} \left[\binom{2024}{i}\binom{2034}{j} - \binom{2024}{j}\binom{2034}{i}\right]^2$
0 replies
P162008
42 minutes ago
0 replies
(3x+y)(3y+z)(3z+x) \ge 64xyz if x,y,z>0
parmenides51   4
N an hour ago by AylyGayypow009
Source: Greece JBMO TST 2015 p1
If $x,y,z>0$, prove that $(3x+y)(3y+z)(3z+x) \ge 64xyz$. When we have equality;
4 replies
parmenides51
Apr 29, 2019
AylyGayypow009
an hour ago
Need proof for greedy algorithm for array merging
avighnac   1
N an hour ago by avighnac
Source: Baltic Olympiad in Informatics 2025: Day 2, Problem 2
I'm working on the following problem:

[size=150]Problem[/size]
You have an array of $n$ numbers $a_1, \dots, a_n$. You repeatedly merge two adjacent numbers $x$ and $y$ into a single number $\max(x,y)+1$, until only one number remains. Find the minimum final value that can be obtained.

Note: $a_i \ge 0$, and $a_i \in \mathbb{Z}^+_0$. So each $a_i$ is a non-negative integer.

[size=150]Greedy algorithm[/size]
I need help proving (or disproving) the following greedy algorithm: at each step merge $a_i$ with $a_{i+1}$ such that $\max(a_i, a_{i+1})+1$ is minimized across all choices of $i \in [1, n)$. In case of ties, choose the _smallest_ $i$.

I understand how to rephrase any merge sequence as a complete binary tree of depth $d_i$ at leaf $i$, and show that the final root value equals

$$\max_{1\le i \le n} a_i+d_i$$

Note that this also means the answer has to be $\le M+\log_2(n)$, where $M$ is the maximum value in the array.

However, I'm struggling to make the exchange argument fully rigourous. In particular, after swapping the first merge of an assumed-optimal strategy with the greedy-first merge, the resulting multiset of intermediate values changes. How do I argue that "continuing the same tree shape" on this new multiset still yields a no-worse maximum $a_i+d_i$, since it changes?

I’ve posted this on Math Stack Exchange but haven't received any feedback yet. It seems that the focus there is more on formal proofs and textbook-style problems. I think AoPS might be a better place for more creative and exploratory questions like this. If you have any ideas, please let me know!
1 reply
avighnac
an hour ago
avighnac
an hour ago
Really fun geometry problem
Sadigly   6
N an hour ago by farhad.fritl
Source: Azerbaijan Senior MO 2025 P6
In an acute triangle $ABC$ with $AB<AC$, the foot of altitudes from $A,B,C$ to the sides $BC,CA,AB$ are $D,E,F$, respectively. $H$ is the orthocenter. $M$ is the midpoint of segment $BC$. Lines $MH$ and $EF$ intersect at $K$. Let the tangents drawn to circumcircle $(ABC)$ from $B$ and $C$ intersect at $T$. Prove that $T;D;K$ are colinear
6 replies
Sadigly
Yesterday at 4:29 PM
farhad.fritl
an hour ago
the epitome of olympiad nt
youlost_thegame_1434   31
N an hour ago by MR.1
Source: 2023 IMO Shortlist N3
For positive integers $n$ and $k \geq 2$, define $E_k(n)$ as the greatest exponent $r$ such that $k^r$ divides $n!$. Prove that there are infinitely many $n$ such that $E_{10}(n) > E_9(n)$ and infinitely many $m$ such that $E_{10}(m) < E_9(m)$.
31 replies
youlost_thegame_1434
Jul 17, 2024
MR.1
an hour ago
help!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cobedangiu   6
N an hour ago by MathsII-enjoy
help
6 replies
Cobedangiu
Mar 23, 2025
MathsII-enjoy
an hour ago
Number Theory
VicKmath7   4
N an hour ago by AylyGayypow009
Source: Archimedes Junior 2014
Let $p$ prime and $m$ a positive integer. Determine all pairs $( p,m)$ satisfying the equation: $ p(p+m)+p=(m+1)^3$
4 replies
VicKmath7
Mar 17, 2020
AylyGayypow009
an hour ago
JBMO Shortlist 2023 A4
Orestis_Lignos   6
N 2 hours ago by MR.1
Source: JBMO Shortlist 2023, A4
Let $a,b,c,d$ be positive real numbers with $abcd=1$. Prove that

$$\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d^2+a^3}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a^2+b^3}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b^2+c^3}}+\sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c^2+d^3}} \leq 2$$
6 replies
Orestis_Lignos
Jun 28, 2024
MR.1
2 hours ago
60 posts!(and a question )
kjhgyuio   1
N 2 hours ago by Pal702004
Finally 60 posts :D
1 reply
kjhgyuio
3 hours ago
Pal702004
2 hours ago
|a^2-b^2-2abc|<2c implies abc EVEN!
tom-nowy   1
N 2 hours ago by Tkn
Source: Own
Prove that if integers $a, b$ and $c$ satisfy $\left| a^2-b^2-2abc \right| <2c $, then $abc$ is an even number.
1 reply
tom-nowy
May 3, 2025
Tkn
2 hours ago
INMO 2018 -- Problem #3
integrated_JRC   44
N Apr 30, 2025 by bjump
Source: INMO 2018
Let $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ be two circles with respective centres $O_1$ and $O_2$ intersecting in two distinct points $A$ and $B$ such that $\angle{O_1AO_2}$ is an obtuse angle. Let the circumcircle of $\Delta{O_1AO_2}$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ respectively in points $C (\neq A)$ and $D (\neq A)$. Let the line $CB$ intersect $\Gamma_2$ in $E$ ; let the line $DB$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ in $F$. Prove that, the points $C, D, E, F$ are concyclic.
44 replies
integrated_JRC
Jan 21, 2018
bjump
Apr 30, 2025
INMO 2018 -- Problem #3
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: INMO 2018
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integrated_JRC
3465 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr
Let $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ be two circles with respective centres $O_1$ and $O_2$ intersecting in two distinct points $A$ and $B$ such that $\angle{O_1AO_2}$ is an obtuse angle. Let the circumcircle of $\Delta{O_1AO_2}$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ respectively in points $C (\neq A)$ and $D (\neq A)$. Let the line $CB$ intersect $\Gamma_2$ in $E$ ; let the line $DB$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ in $F$. Prove that, the points $C, D, E, F$ are concyclic.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by integrated_JRC, Jan 22, 2018, 2:10 AM
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Kayak
1298 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by lneis1, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
After Inverting at $B$, the problem becomes trivial. (B becomes ortho centre of A*C*D* )
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AnArtist
1590 posts
#3 • 5 Y
Y by Aryan-23, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr
$BE$ is a diameter of $T_2$.
$BF$ is a diameter of $T_1$.

And you obtain $FEA$ is a straight line parrallel to $O_1O_2$.

And rest is angle chasing.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by AnArtist, Jun 12, 2018, 12:52 PM
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Vrangr
1600 posts
#4 • 4 Y
Y by AG234, govind7701, samrocksnature, Adventure10
$$2\angle CFE = 2\angle BFC = \angle BO_1C = \angle O_1CO_2 - \angle O_1BO_2 = \angle O_1DO_2 - \angle O_1BO_2$$$$=\angle CO_2B = \angle CO_2B = 2\angle CFB = 2\angle CFD \ \blacksquare$$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Vrangr, Jan 21, 2018, 12:43 PM
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Drunken_Master
328 posts
#5 • 5 Y
Y by DynamoBlaze, Arhaan, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Siddharthmaybe
Let $O_1B$ meet $\Gamma_2$ at $D'$, we have
$$\angle BDO_2=\angle DBO_2=180-\angle O_1BO_2=180-\angle O_1AO_2$$.
Hence $AO_1O_2D'$ is cyclic implying $D'=D$ giving $O_1,B,D$ are collinear. Similarly, $O_2,B,C$ are collinear.

This gives $BE$ and $BF$ are diameters of $\Gamma_2$ and $\Gamma_1$ respectively, giving $\angle FCE=\angle EDF=90$.

Hence, alternate interior angles are equal and we are done!
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Drunken_Master, Jan 21, 2018, 12:31 PM
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Mathphile01
2527 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
rd1452002 wrote:
$$2\angle CFE = 2\angle BFC = \angle BO_1C = \angle O_1CO_2 - \angle O_1BO_2 = \angle O_1DO_2 - \angle O_1BO_2$$$$\angle CO_2B = \angle CO_2B = 2\angle CFB = 2\angle CFD \ \blacksquare$$

My solution
:)
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AnArtist
1590 posts
#7 • 3 Y
Y by The-X-squared-factor, samrocksnature, Adventure10
Drunken_Master wrote:
Let $O_1B$ meet $\Gamma_2$ at $D'$, we have
$$\angle BDO_2=\angle DBO_2=180-\angle O_1BO_2=180-\angle O_1AO_2$$.
Hence $AO_1O_2D'$ is cyclic implying $D'=D$ giving $O_1,B,D$ are collinear. Similarly, $O_2,B,C$ are collinear.

This gives $BE$ and $BF$ are diameters of $\Gamma_2$ and $\Gamma_1$ respectively, giving $\angle FCE=\angle EDF=90$.

Hence, alternate interior angles are equal and we are done!

Same solution. I wonder why did they give only one geo this year.
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Drunken_Master
328 posts
#8 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
AnArtist wrote:
Drunken_Master wrote:
Let $O_1B$ meet $\Gamma_2$ at $D'$, we have
$$\angle BDO_2=\angle DBO_2=180-\angle O_1BO_2=180-\angle O_1AO_2$$.
Hence $AO_1O_2D'$ is cyclic implying $D'=D$ giving $O_1,B,D$ are collinear. Similarly, $O_2,B,C$ are collinear.

This gives $BE$ and $BF$ are diameters of $\Gamma_2$ and $\Gamma_1$ respectively, giving $\angle FCE=\angle EDF=90$.

Hence, alternate interior angles are equal and we are done!

Same solution. I wonder why did they give only one geo this year.

Usually they give 2 to 2.5 geo
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Vrangr
1600 posts
#10 • 3 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, samrocksnature, Adventure10
I prepared for 2-3 geometry questions because I am weak in geometry. Only 1 came :/
I should spent that time doing combi or algebra.
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arulxz
449 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by mueller.25, samrocksnature, Adventure10
Prove by angle chasing that $B$ is the incenter of $\triangle ACD$.
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TheDarkPrince
3042 posts
#12 • 5 Y
Y by Drunken_Master, Maths_Guy, FadingMoonlight, samrocksnature, Adventure10
Found a nice solution in the exam using phantom points!
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TheDarkPrince
3042 posts
#13 • 7 Y
Y by Maths_Guy, hydrohelium, Spiralflux789, FadingMoonlight, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
My solution (something like this): Let $O_1B \cap \Gamma_2 = D'$ and $O_2B \cap \Gamma_1 = C'$.

As $\triangle O_1D'A$ is not isosceles, $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle O_2O_1B = \angle O_2O_1D'$ and $\angle O_2AD'=\angle O_2D'A$ gives $O_1AO_2D'$ is cyclic. So, $D'\equiv D$. Similarly, $C'\equiv C$.
Proved.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by TheDarkPrince, Jan 21, 2018, 3:51 PM
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Mate007
69 posts
#14 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
We can also use the concept of projective geometry to show O1,B,Dand F collinear.
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absur_siam
1 post
#15 • 5 Y
Y by JayantJha, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr
Claim 1 : $C , B , O_2$ and $D , B , O_1$ are co-linear.
Proof:
From the cyclic $\square O_1 A O_2 C$ we get,
$\angle O_1 C O_2 = 180^o - \angle O_1 A O_2$

$\triangle O_1 A O_2 \cong \triangle O_1 B O_2 \Rightarrow \angle O_1 A O_2 = \angle O_1 B O_2$

Let the line $O_2 B$ intersects $\tau_1$ at $K$
$\therefore \angle O_1 B K = 180^o - \angle O_1 B O_2 = 180^o - \angle O_1 A O_2$

$O_1 B = O_1 K$
$\therefore \angle O_1 K B = \angle O_1 B K = 180^o - \angle O_1 A O_2 = \angle O_1 C O_2$
Therefore, $K$ coincides with $C$

Thus , $C, B , O_2$ are co-linear. (Proved)
Similarly, $D, B , O_1$ are co-linear.

Claim 2 : $F , A , E$ are co-linear.
Proof : Trivial.


Now we complete our proof,
Let $\angle A E O_2 = \angle F E C = \alpha$
$\therefore E A O_2 = \alpha \Rightarrow \angle A O_2 B = 2\alpha$
$\Rightarrow \angle O_1 O_2 B = \angle O_1 O_2 C =  \angle O_1 D C = \angle F D C = \alpha$
$\therefore \angle F E C = \angle F D C$
So, $C , D , E , F$ are concyclic [Q.E.D.]
Attachments:
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chandramauli_2000
64 posts
#16 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
all the ques pls?
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AnArtist
1590 posts
#17 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
@chandramauli see here

https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c596374_2018_india_national_olympiad
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vlohani
17 posts
#18 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
For those who didn't get Kayak's slick solution, he says: Invert about $B$. Then $A \to A^*$, $B \to B^*$ and $C \to C^*$, while $\Gamma_1$ goes to the straight line $A^*C^*$ and $\Gamma_2$ goes to the straight line $A^*D^*$. (Because $\angle O_1AO_2$ is obtuse, $C$ and $D$, and hence $C^*$ and $D^*$, are different from B.)

$\odot (O_{1}AO_{2}) \to \odot (O_{1}^*A^*O_{2}^*)$, which is also the circumcircle of $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$.

Now note:
1. $O_1^*$ is the reflection of $B$ in $A^*C^*$,
2. $O_2^*$ is the reflection of $B$ in $A^*D^*$.

This forces $B$ to be the orthocenter of $A^*C^*D^*$ because there is only one point other than $A^*$ whose reflections in $A^*C^*$ and $A^*D^*$ respectively lie on $\odot (A^*C^*D^*)$ (why?) $-$ and the orthocenter clearly satisfies this condition. Hence, $B^*$ is the orthocenter of $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$.

Since $E^*$ and $F^*$ are the feet of altitudes through $D^*$ and $C^*$ in $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$, it's trivial to note that $C^*D^*E^*F^*$ is cyclic.
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Synthetic_Potato
114 posts
#19 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
Extention: Let $AB$ meet the circle $\odot (O_1AO_2)$ again at $O$. Prove that $O$ is the circumcenter of $BCD$.
(Note: This is easier than the original problem ;) )
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Supercali
1261 posts
#20 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
Synthetic_Potato wrote:
Extention: Let $AB$ meet the circle $\odot (O_1AO_2)$ again at $O$. Prove that $O$ is the circumcenter of $BCD$.
(Note: This is easier than the original problem ;) )

Just note that $B$ is the incentre of $ACD$
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XbenX
590 posts
#21 • 4 Y
Y by Pigeonhole_Biswaranjan_, samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
A different approach:
After some easy angle chasing we get that $C,B,O_2,E$ and $ D,B,O_1,F$ are collinar in that order .
By Power of point $B$ on $(CDO_2O_1)  \Longleftrightarrow  BD \cdot BO_1=BC \cdot BO_2$ and since $BO_1$ and $BO_2$ are the radiuses of their respective circles , we get that $ BD \cdot BF=BC \cdot BE$ wich completes the proof.
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hydrohelium
245 posts
#22 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
TheDarkPrince wrote:
My solution (something like this): Let $O_1B \cap \Gamma_2 = D'$ and $O_2B \cap \Gamma_1 = C'$.

As $\triangle O_1D'A$ is not isosceles, $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle O_2O_1B = \angle O_2O_1D'$ and $\angle O_2AD'=\angle O_2D'A$ gives $O_1AO_2D'$ is cyclic. So, $D'\equiv D$. Similarly, $C'\equiv C$.
Proved.

I think
$\angle AO_1O_2=\angle BAO_2$ which can never be equal to $\angle BAO_2$ so your claim is wrong
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TheDarkPrince
3042 posts
#23 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
hydrohelium wrote:
TheDarkPrince wrote:
My solution (something like this): Let $O_1B \cap \Gamma_2 = D'$ and $O_2B \cap \Gamma_1 = C'$.

As $\triangle O_1D'A$ is not isosceles, $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle O_2O_1B = \angle O_2O_1D'$ and $\angle O_2AD'=\angle O_2D'A$ gives $O_1AO_2D'$ is cyclic. So, $D'\equiv D$. Similarly, $C'\equiv C$.
Proved.

I think
$\angle AO_1O_2=\angle BAO_2$ which can never be equal to $\angle BAO_2$ so your claim is wrong

How is $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle BAO_2$ :D I think my solution works fine.
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MathPassionForever
1663 posts
#24 • 3 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, samrocksnature, Adventure10
TheDarkPrince wrote:
hydrohelium wrote:
TheDarkPrince wrote:
My solution (something like this): Let $O_1B \cap \Gamma_2 = D'$ and $O_2B \cap \Gamma_1 = C'$.

As $\triangle O_1D'A$ is not isosceles, $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle O_2O_1B = \angle O_2O_1D'$ and $\angle O_2AD'=\angle O_2D'A$ gives $O_1AO_2D'$ is cyclic. So, $D'\equiv D$. Similarly, $C'\equiv C$.
Proved.

I think
$\angle AO_1O_2=\angle BAO_2$ which can never be equal to $\angle BAO_2$ so your claim is wrong

How is $\angle AO_1O_2 = \angle BAO_2$ :D I think my solution works fine.

People actually look up posts that old?
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mathlete18
22 posts
#25 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
Too easy for INMO, anyways here is an alternate proof.

Angle chase to get $C,B,O_{2},E$ are collinear. Similarly $D,B,O_{1},F$ are collinear.
Then notice $\angle FCE = \angle EDF = 90^{\circ}$ (Angle in a semicircle). By inscribed angles theorem, $C,D,E$ and $F$ are collinear. $\blacksquare$
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Gestapo
254 posts
#26 • 3 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10, Mango247
vlohani wrote:
For those who didn't get Kayak's slick solution, he says: Invert about $B$. Then $A \to A^*$, $B \to B^*$ and $C \to C^*$, while $\Gamma_1$ goes to the straight line $A^*C^*$ and $\Gamma_2$ goes to the straight line $A^*D^*$. (Because $\angle O_1AO_2$ is obtuse, $C$ and $D$, and hence $C^*$ and $D^*$, are different from B.)
$\odot (O_{1}AO_{2}) \to \odot (O_{1}^*A^*O_{2}^*)$, which is also the circumcircle of $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$.

Now note:
1. $O_1^*$ is the reflection of $B$ in $A^*C^*$,
2. $O_2^*$ is the reflection of $B$ in $A^*D^*$.

This forces $B$ to be the orthocenter of $A^*C^*D^*$ because there is only one point other than $A^*$ whose reflections in $A^*C^*$ and $A^*D^*$ respectively lie on $\odot (A^*C^*D^*)$ (why?) $-$ and the orthocenter clearly satisfies this condition. Hence, $B^*$ is the orthocenter of $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$.

Since $E^*$ and $F^*$ are the feet of altitudes through $D^*$ and $C^*$ in $\Delta A^*C^*D^*$, it's trivial to note that $C^*D^*E^*F^*$ is cyclic.

So how does O1*B perpendicular to A*C* imply that O1* is reflection of B in A*C*??
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#27 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Adventure10
$\angle ACO_2=\angle AO_1O_2=\frac{1}{2} \angle AO_1B=\angle ACB$ $\implies$ $BC$ passes through $O_2$, similarly, $BD$ passes through $O_1$, hence, $\angle FCE$ $=$ $90^{\circ}$ $=$ $\angle EDF$ which implies the conclusion
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Agsh2005
70 posts
#28 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, Mango247
What about radical axis
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ftheftics
651 posts
#29 • 2 Y
Y by Gerninza, samrocksnature
$\textcolor{red}{\text{Claim:}}$
$C,B,O_2$ are coliner. Similarly $O_1,B,D$ are similar .

Let's join $B,O_2$ and $B,0_1$ .Note that $AB \perp O_1O_2$ since it's radial axis of $\Gamma_1,\Gamma_2$. Note that $\triangle AO_2B$ is isosceles .And hence $\angle AO_2O_1=\angle BO_2O_1=a$ and by similar argument we have $\angle BO_1O_2=\angle AO_1O_2=b$ and hence $ \angle O_1AO_2=\angle O_1BO_2=180-(a+b)$.

Suppose$O_2B$ met $\Gamma_1$ at $C'$ .
So $\angle O_1O_2C'=a$. Again$\angle O_1C'B=\angle C'O_1B$ . Which means $A,O_1,C',D$ are concyclic . $\Rightarrow C'=C$.

Similarly we can show that $O_1,B,D$ are coliner.

$\textcolor{red}{\text{Claim:}}$ $E,A,F$ are Coliner and $FE $ parallel to $O_1O_2$.

In $\Gamma_2$ we get $\angle AO_2E =180-2b$ which gives $\angle AEB=\angle O_1O_2B =b$.

So $AE$ parallel to $O_1O_2$ by similar argument $ AF$ parallel to $O_1O_2$.

Our claim is proved.

Note that $C,O_1,O_2,D$ are concyclic so $CB.BO_2=DB.BO_1 \cdots (*)$.

Since $ \triangle BO_1O_2 \sim BEF$ hence $ \frac{BO_1}{BF}=\frac{BO_2}{BE}$.

From $(*)$ we get $ CB.BE =DB .BF$ so we are done .
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ftheftics, Apr 1, 2020, 4:01 AM
Reason: Jjsj
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MatBoy-123
396 posts
#30 • 1 Y
Y by samrocksnature
XbenX wrote:
A different approach:
After some easy angle chasing we get that $C,B,O_2,E$ and $ D,B,O_1,F$ are collinar in that order .
By Power of point $B$ on $(CDO_2O_1)  \Longleftrightarrow  BD \cdot BO_1=BC \cdot BO_2$ and since $BO_1$ and $BO_2$ are the radiuses of their respective circles , we get that $ BD \cdot BF=BC \cdot BE$ wich completes the proof.

First you need to prove that $(CDO_2O_1) $ is cyclic..
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MrOreoJuice
594 posts
#31 • 2 Y
Y by samrocksnature, kamatadu
Wait what? i just realised this problem is a part of https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/q1h1952359p21527833
$C-B-O_2$ are collinear, so is $D-B-O_1$
$FB$ and $BE$ is diameter so $\angle FCE = 90^\circ = \angle EDF$ and we are done.

edit-
arulxz wrote:
Prove by angle chasing that $B$ is the incenter of $\triangle ACD$.
yes indeed, this was the brazil problem lol
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by MrOreoJuice, May 5, 2021, 7:19 AM
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lazizbek42
548 posts
#33 • 1 Y
Y by tuymurod2005
$$\angle CAB =\angle DAB,\angle FAB = \angle EAB \implies FB \cdot BD = CB \cdot BE$$
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James_HN
51 posts
#34 • 1 Y
Y by Rounak_iitr
$$\measuredangle DO_1O_2 =\measuredangle DAO_2 =\measuredangle O_2DA =\measuredangle O_2O1A =\measuredangle BO_1O_2$$$\implies D,B,O_1$ are collinear, hece $BE$ is the diameter of $\Gamma_1$ similiarly we get $BF$ as the diameter of $\Gamma_2$,
$\implies \measuredangle FDE = \measuredangle FCE = 90^{\circ}$, Hence $C,D,E,F$ are concyclic
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Mahdi_Mashayekhi
695 posts
#35
Y by
Claim: $C,B,O_2$ and $D,B,O_1$ are collinear.
Proof : $\angle ADO_1 = \angle AO_2O_1 = \angle AO_2B/2 = \angle ADB$ so $D,B,O_1$ are collinear. we prove the other one with same approach.

Now we have $\angle ECF = \angle BCF = \angle 90 = \angle BDE = \angle FDE$ so $CDEF$ is cyclic.
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bluedragon17
87 posts
#36
Y by
Just invert about $B$, using the inversion distance formula we find out that $O_1'$ and $O_2'$ are the reflection of $B$ over $A'C'$ and $A'D'$ respectively, then note that since both $O_1'$ and $O_2'$ lie on $(A'C'D')$, $B'$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle{A'C'D'}$ and therefore, $C,B,O_2,E$ and $D,B,O_1,F$ are in fact collinear, the conclusion now follows immediately.
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Pyramix
419 posts
#37
Y by
Proof
Remark
I hope you enjoyed reading my proof :)
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john0512
4187 posts
#38
Y by
Let $\angle O_1BC=\angle O_1CB=\alpha$, $\angle O_1AB=\angle O_1BA=\beta$, and $\angle O_2AB=\angle O_2BA=\gamma.$

Main Claim: $C,B,O_2$ are collinear. We wish to show that $\alpha+\beta+\gamma=180$. Note that $\angle AO_2O_1=90-\gamma$ since $AB\perp O_1O_2$. Thus, from cyclic $AO_1CO_2$, we have $\angle ACO_1=90-\gamma$. Since $O_1C=O_1A$, $\angle AO_1C=2\gamma$. However, we have $\angle AO_1B=180-2\beta$, and $\angle BO_1C=180-2\alpha$. Hence, $$2\gamma=180-2\beta+180-2\alpha\rightarrow \alpha+\beta+\gamma=180,$$as desired.

Hence, $BE$ is a diameter of $\Gamma_2$, so $\angle BDE=90$. Similarly, $\angle BCF=90$. Hence, $C,D,E,F$ are concyclic and we are done.
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kamatadu
480 posts
#39 • 2 Y
Y by aansc1729, HoripodoKrishno
Bro what? Why Invert this :maybe: ?

Anyways here is the sketch (typing full solns is too stressful due to my 50 WPM :stretcher: ).

https://i.imgur.com/RZLbbWr.png

You get that $E$ and $F$ are the $B-$antipodes in $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ respectively from some angle chasing.

Then a bit of homothety shows $EF\parallel O_1O_2$ and $\overline{A-E-F}$ and so you get $\measuredangle ECF=\measuredangle ECB=90^\circ=\measuredangle BDF=\measuredangle EDF$ which finishes.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by kamatadu, May 9, 2023, 3:33 PM
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HamstPan38825
8861 posts
#40
Y by
To be fair, inversion (especially about $A$) doesn't help a ton, but I'll just stick with it :|

In the inverted picture, $\omega_1^*$ and $\omega_2^*$ become two lines that intersect at $B$, and $(O_1AO_2)$ becomes the line $\overline{CD}$, on which the reflections of $A$ over $\omega_1^*$ and $\omega_2^*$ lie. Now, observe
  • $O_1$ and $O_2$ lie on $(ABD)$ and $(ACD)$, the two images of the lines, respectively, by the converse of Fact 5;
  • $A, E, F$ are collinear as $\angle BAE = \angle BAF = 90^\circ$;
  • $CDFE$ is cyclic by a quick angle chase.
Hence done!
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Math4Life7
1703 posts
#41
Y by
We invert about $A$ with radius $1$. We can see that $F^*C^*B^*$ are collinear, $E^*D^*B^*$ are collinear, $O_1^*C^*D^*O_2^*$ are collinear, $F^*O_1^*B^*D^*$ are concyclic, and $E^*O_2^*B^*C^*$ are concyclic.

\begin{lemma}
$O_1^*$ is the reflection of $A$ over $F^*B^*$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
EGMO lemma 8.10
\end{proof}

This we have \[\angle AF^*C^* = \angle C^*F^*O_1^* = \angle C^*D^*B^*\]$\blacksquare$
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cursed_tangent1434
624 posts
#42
Y by
Me when I wanted a medium geo and tried this only for it to turn out trivial.

The following observation is key.

Claim : The points $D$ , $B$ and $O_1$ are collinear. Similarly, the points $C$ , $B$ and $O_2$ are collinear.
Proof : Simply note that
\[\measuredangle AO_1D = \measuredangle AO_2D = 2\measuredangle ADO_2 = 2\measuredangle AO_1O_2 = \measuredangle AO_1B\]from which it is clear that $D-B-O_1$ as claimed. Similarly, we can also show $C-B-O_2$.

Now, note that this means $BF$ and $BE$ are diameters of $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ respectively. This then gives us,
\[\measuredangle FCE = \measuredangle FCB = 90^\circ = \measuredangle BDE = \measuredangle FDE\]from which it is clear that the points $C, D, E, F$ are concyclic as required.
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reni_wee
45 posts
#43 • 1 Y
Y by GeoKing
Let $O_2B$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ at $C'$ (phantom point), then,
$$\angle O_1C'B = \angle O_1BC' = 180^o - \angle O_1BO_2$$As $O_1$ and $O_2$ are the centers of $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$, we have $O_1B=O_1A$, $O_2B=O_2A$, which implies that,
$$ \angle O_1BA = \angle O_1AB , \angle O_2BA = \angle O_2AB$$$\therefore \angle  O_1BO_2 =  \angle O_1AO_2$
Hence, $\angle O_1C'B = \angle O_1AO_2 = \angle O_1CB$, $\Rightarrow C \equiv C'$,
$\therefore C,B,O_2,E $ are collinear,
Similarly, $ D,B,O_1,F$ are collinear, $\Rightarrow BF$ and $BE$ are diameters of $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ respectively.
$\therefore \angle BDE= \angle FDE = \angle FCE = 90^o$, $\Rightarrow CDEF$ is a cyclic quadrilateral.
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Mathandski
757 posts
#44
Y by
$                $
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Ilikeminecraft
623 posts
#47
Y by
Claim: $FO_1BD$ is collinear.
Proof: Invert at $A.$ Then, we have that $(ABC)$ goes to a line $\ell_1,(ABD)$ goes to a line $\ell_2, O_1$ goes to the reflection of $A$ across $\ell_1, O_2$ goes to the reflection of $A$ across $\ell_2, C, D$ going to the intersections of $\ell_1, \ell_2$ with $O_1^*O_2^*.$ We also have that $E^*, F^*$ go to the intersections of $\ell_1, \ell_2$ with $(AB^*D^*)$ and $(AC^*D^*).$
Now, note that $B^*$ is the circumcenter of $AO_1O_2$ since $B^*$ is the intersection of $\ell_1, \ell_2.$ Thus, $\angle AB^*D^* = \frac12\angle AB^*O_2^* = \angle AO_1^*D,$ so $AO_1^*B^*D^*$ is cyclic. However, since $E^*$ also lies on $AB^*D^*,$ we have that $AO_1^*B^*D^*E^*$ is cyclic. Inverting back, we get our desired claim.

By Thales, we are done.
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Rounak_iitr
456 posts
#48
Y by
[asy]
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label("$A$", (4.362760922855928,5.995113785652763), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((12.983545658162647,-1.0859342715935283),dotstyle); 
label("$O_2$", (13.889226833126274,-1.7126631781114292), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((4.419722115642268,-6.935777692513815),dotstyle); 
label("$B$", (4.2328545695340605,-9.030721081910016), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((-0.10455216140722312,-10.049978723858084),dotstyle); 
label("$C$", (-0.6169826211490247,-11.67215026612134), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((9.085859717659737,-10.69675036732216),dotstyle); 
label("$D$", (9.125993877991101,-12.105171443860902), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((21.50932605200054,4.81921690282699),dotstyle); 
label("$E$", (22.72285885901332,4.782654487981991), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((-10.445019518138734,4.904017061529285),dotstyle); 
label("$F$", (-11.745626889055746,4.955862959077816), NE * labelscalefactor); 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); 
 /* end of picture */
[/asy]
A Great Angle Chasing Exercise :love:
$\color{red}\textbf{Claim:-}$ $C,D,E,F$ are concyclic.
$\color{green}\textbf{Proof:-}$ By Angle Chasing we get, $$\angle O_1AC =\angle O_1CA = 180-2\angle AO_1C = 90-\angle CFA = 90+\angle ABC $$Also, $$\angle O_2AD = \angle O_2DA =180-2\angle AO_2D = 90-\angle AED = 90+\angle ABD$$Since, $\angle AFC = \angle ABE$ and $\angle AED = \angle ABF$ $\implies C,B,O_2$ are collinear and $D,B,O_1$ are collinear points.
Therefore, $BE$ and $BF$ are the diameters of circumcircles of $\triangle ABE$ and $\triangle ABF \implies \angle FAB = \angle BAE = 90^o \implies F,A,E$ are collinear and parallel to $O_1O_2.$ Now By Angle Chasing we get, $$\angle O_1AC = \angle O_1CA = \angle AO_2O_1 = \angle O_1DC $$And $$\angle O_2AD = \angle O_2DA = \angle EFB = \angle AO_1O_2 = \angle ACO_2  $$Therefore $B$ is the incentre of $\triangle ACD.$

Now finish this problem from this angle relation $\angle AEC = \angle FEC = \angle FDC \implies C,D,E,F$ are concyclic points.
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bjump
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Invert at $A$. By Egmo Lemma 8.10 $B'D'$ is the perpendicular bisector of $AO_1'$. Similar bisector statement holds for $AO_2'$.
$2\angle AB'D' = 2\angle AO_1'O_2' = \angle AB'O_2'$ which gives $(AO_1'B'C')$ is a circle so $DO_1BE$ collinear, finishes by PoP.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by bjump, Apr 30, 2025, 4:01 PM
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