Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
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April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Number Theory Chain!
JetFire008   27
N 22 minutes ago by Maximilian113
I will post a question and someone has to answer it. Then they have to post a question and someone else will answer it and so on. We can only post questions related to Number Theory and each problem should be more difficult than the previous. Let's start!

Question 1
27 replies
JetFire008
Apr 7, 2025
Maximilian113
22 minutes ago
ineq.trig.
wer   18
N 24 minutes ago by anduran
If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle, show that: $\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{r}{R}\le2$
18 replies
wer
Jul 5, 2014
anduran
24 minutes ago
P2 Cono Sur 2021
Leo890   9
N an hour ago by jordiejoh
Source: Cono Sur 2021 P2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $I$ its incenter. The lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $M$ and $N$, respectively. Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be the circumferences of diameters $NI$ and $MI$, respectively. The circle $C_1$ intersects $AB$ at $P$ and $Q$, and the circle $C_2$ intersects $AC$ at $R$ and $S$. Show that $P$, $Q$, $R$ and $S$ are concyclic.
9 replies
Leo890
Nov 30, 2021
jordiejoh
an hour ago
collinearity eanted, line tangent to 3 incircles ABP, ACP, BCP related
parmenides51   5
N an hour ago by leon.tyumen
Source: MGO p6 https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c594864h3379839p31486784
Let $P$ be a point inside $\vartriangle ABC$. It is known that there exists a line tangent to the incircles of $\vartriangle ABP$, $\vartriangle ACP$ and $\vartriangle BCP$. Prove that if $X$ is the intersection point of the common external tangents of a random pair of these incircles and Y is the intersection point of common external tangents of some other pair of these three incircles, then $XY$ passes through either $A$, $B$ or $C$.
5 replies
parmenides51
Sep 2, 2024
leon.tyumen
an hour ago
No more topics!
Bulgaria 1
orl   1
N Sep 6, 2004 by sprmnt21
Source: IMO LongList 1959-1966 Problem 3
A regular triangular prism has the altitude $h,$ and the two bases of the prism are equilateral triangles with side length $a.$ Dream-holes are made in the centers of both bases, and the three lateral faces are mirrors. Assume that a ray of light, entering the prism through the dream-hole in the upper base, then being reflected once by any of the three mirrors, quits the prism through the dream-hole in the lower base. Find the angle between the upper base and the light ray at the moment when the light ray entered the prism, and the length of the way of the light ray in the interior of the prism.
1 reply
orl
Sep 1, 2004
sprmnt21
Sep 6, 2004
Bulgaria 1
G H J
Source: IMO LongList 1959-1966 Problem 3
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orl
3647 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
A regular triangular prism has the altitude $h,$ and the two bases of the prism are equilateral triangles with side length $a.$ Dream-holes are made in the centers of both bases, and the three lateral faces are mirrors. Assume that a ray of light, entering the prism through the dream-hole in the upper base, then being reflected once by any of the three mirrors, quits the prism through the dream-hole in the lower base. Find the angle between the upper base and the light ray at the moment when the light ray entered the prism, and the length of the way of the light ray in the interior of the prism.
Z K Y
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sprmnt21
279 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by pengagumrahasiamu, Adventure10, Mango247
Only a sketch of a solution.

In my opinion they should have asked for two angles: the slope of the ray wrt the upper base, of course, but also the slope of the horizontal component of the ray wrt one of the sides of the triangle.



Let's call ABC the upper base of the prism and let O be its center.
A horizontal section of the half ray trajectory depicted in the fig. 1. Where S'2 is the symmetric of S2 (midpoint of BC) wrt AB.
Of course the section of the trajectory is symmetric wrt a median of the triangle ABC. It holds that OS1+S1S2= OS'2 which is the ipotenuse of the rectangular triangle S'2BO then OS'2= (7/3)^.5 a/2.

Now, if you "open" the planes of the trajectory (see fig. 2) you have, considering the proprierty of ray reflecting, that the the trajectory "flattened" is a stright line from O to O'.

Then slope of the ray is h/(2OS'2) = h(3/7)^.5/a.
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