Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Algebra polynomial problem
Pi-rate_91   1
N 7 minutes ago by pco
If $ p(x) $ is polynomial with minimum degree such that $p(x)=\frac{x}{x^2+3x+2}$ for $x=0,1,2,...,10$ , find $p(-1)$
1 reply
Pi-rate_91
2 hours ago
pco
7 minutes ago
Inequality with x,y
GeoMorocco   0
7 minutes ago
Let $x,y\ge 0$ such that $ 5(x^3+y^3) \leq 16(1+xy)$. Prove that:
$$8+xy\geq 3(x+y) $$
0 replies
GeoMorocco
7 minutes ago
0 replies
true or false ?
SunnyEvan   1
N 10 minutes ago by SunnyEvan
Let $ a,b,c \geq 0 $ Prove that :
$$ \frac{3k}{k^4+k+1} \leq \frac{ka}{a+k^4b+kc}+\frac{kb}{b+k^4c+ka}+\frac{kc}{c+k^4a+kb} \leq k $$Where $ k \geq 1 $
1 reply
SunnyEvan
2 hours ago
SunnyEvan
10 minutes ago
IMO Shortlist 2012, Combinatorics 1
lyukhson   75
N 10 minutes ago by damyan
Source: IMO Shortlist 2012, Combinatorics 1
Several positive integers are written in a row. Iteratively, Alice chooses two adjacent numbers $x$ and $y$ such that $x>y$ and $x$ is to the left of $y$, and replaces the pair $(x,y)$ by either $(y+1,x)$ or $(x-1,x)$. Prove that she can perform only finitely many such iterations.

Proposed by Warut Suksompong, Thailand
75 replies
lyukhson
Jul 29, 2013
damyan
10 minutes ago
Combinatorial proof
MathBot101101   0
4 hours ago
Is there a way to prove
\frac{1}{(1+1)!}+\frac{2}{(2+1)!}+...+\frac{n}{(n+1)!}
without induction and using only combinatorial arguments?

Induction proof wasn't quite as pleasing for me.
0 replies
MathBot101101
4 hours ago
0 replies
What are vectors?
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   3
N 4 hours ago by programjames1
How does one define vectors with mathematical rigority? Most of the time it is stated as an object with a magnitude and a direction, but it in itself is very vague in my opinion. Like how do you define direction and magnitude itself?
3 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Today at 4:19 AM
programjames1
4 hours ago
Inequalities
nhathhuyyp5c   0
5 hours ago
Let $a, b, c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 3$. Find the maximum and minimum values of the expression
\[
P = \frac{a}{a^2 + 2} + \frac{b}{b^2 + 2} + \frac{c}{c^2 + 2}.
\]
0 replies
nhathhuyyp5c
5 hours ago
0 replies
Recursion
Sid-darth-vater   1
N Today at 5:14 AM by aidan0626
Help, I can't characterize ts and I dunno what to do
1 reply
Sid-darth-vater
Today at 3:02 AM
aidan0626
Today at 5:14 AM
Inequalities
sqing   18
N Today at 2:38 AM by sqing
Let $   a,b    $ be reals such that $  a^2+ab+b^2 =3$ . Prove that
$$ \frac{4}{ 3}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+5 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+5 }+ab \geq -\frac{11}{4 }$$$$ \frac{13}{ 4}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+5 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+5 }+ab \geq -\frac{2}{3 }$$$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq  \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }+ab \geq -\frac{17}{6 }$$$$ \frac{19}{ 6}\geq  \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2}$$Let $   a,b    $ be reals such that $  a^2-ab+b^2 =1 $ . Prove that
$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+3 }+ab \geq \frac{4}{15 }$$$$ \frac{14}{ 15}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2 }$$$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }+ab \geq \frac{13}{42 }$$$$ \frac{41}{ 42}\geq \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2 }$$
18 replies
sqing
Apr 16, 2025
sqing
Today at 2:38 AM
weird permutation problem
Sedro   0
Today at 2:09 AM
Let $\sigma$ be a permutation of $1,2,3,4,5,6,7$ such that there are exactly $7$ ordered pairs of integers $(a,b)$ satisfying $1\le a < b \le 7$ and $\sigma(a) < \sigma(b)$. How many possible $\sigma$ exist?
0 replies
Sedro
Today at 2:09 AM
0 replies
Calculus BC help
needcalculusasap45   7
N Today at 1:42 AM by ehz2701
So basically, I have the AP Calculus BC exam in less than a month, and I have only covered until Unit 6 or 7 of the cirriculum. I am self studying this course (no teacher) and have not had much time to study bc of 6 other APs. I need to finish 8, 9, and 10 in less than 2 weeks. What can I do ? I would appreciate any help or resources anyone could provide. Could I just learn everything from barrons and princeton? Also, I have not taken AP Calculus AB before.

7 replies
needcalculusasap45
Yesterday at 1:51 PM
ehz2701
Today at 1:42 AM
Some problems
hashbrown2009   2
N Today at 12:12 AM by UberPiggy
1. Real numbers a,b,c are satisfy a+1/b = b+1/c = c+1/a =x. If a,b,c are distinct, what is the value of x?
2. If x^2+y^2=1, then what is the value of : root(x^2-2x+1) + root(xy-2x+y-2) ?
3. Find the value of the sequence 2^2 + (3^2+1) + (4^2+2) + … + (97^2+95) + (98^2+96).
4. If x^2+x-1=0, then evaluate (1-x^2-x^3-x^4-…-x^2022-x^2023)/x^2022 .
5. If triangle XYZ has 3 sides that are all whole numbers, and the perimeter of XYZ is 24, what is the probability XYZ is a right triangle?

Note: If someone can latex-ify this it would help.
2 replies
hashbrown2009
Yesterday at 11:01 PM
UberPiggy
Today at 12:12 AM
ez problem....
Cobedangiu   4
N Yesterday at 11:22 PM by iniffur
Let $x,y \in Z$ and $xy \cancel \vdots7$
Find $n \in Z^+$.
$x^2+y^2+xy=7^n$
4 replies
Cobedangiu
Apr 18, 2025
iniffur
Yesterday at 11:22 PM
Twin Primes Digital Root
FerMath10   1
N Yesterday at 8:57 PM by Sedro
Hi,

I noticed something interesting while playing around with twin primes (pairs of primes that differ by 2). Here is what I noticed:
Conjecture: The product of twin primes—excluding the pair (3, 5)—always has a digital root of 8.

Just to clarify, the digital root of a number is the single-digit value you get by repeatedly summing its digits until only one digit remains. For example, the digital root of 77 is 7 + 7 = 14, and then 1 + 4 = 5.

I tested this on several examples, and it seems to hold, but I’m not sure if it’s a well-known result or something that breaks down for larger primes.

Is this an obvious consequence of some known number theory property? Would love to hear your thoughts!
1 reply
FerMath10
Yesterday at 8:51 PM
Sedro
Yesterday at 8:57 PM
construct line passing through 2 points with a small straightedge
parmenides51   0
Aug 8, 2018
Source: Quantum - Engish M264
Given two points in a plane and a straightedge whose length is less than the distance between them (but no compass!), construct the line passing through the two points.

You may want to use a special case of Desargues' theorem:
Suppose we have two triangles, $ABC$ and $A_1B_1C_1$ positioned in such a way that $AA_1, BB_1$, and $CC_1$ intersect in a point. Let lines $AB$ and $A_1B_1$ meet at point $K$, lines $BC$ and $B_1C_1$, meet at $P$, and $CA$ and $C_1A_1$ at $M$. Then, points $K, P$, and $M$ are collinear (fig. ).
IMAGE
0 replies
parmenides51
Aug 8, 2018
0 replies
construct line passing through 2 points with a small straightedge
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Quantum - Engish M264
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
parmenides51
30629 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Given two points in a plane and a straightedge whose length is less than the distance between them (but no compass!), construct the line passing through the two points.

You may want to use a special case of Desargues' theorem:
Suppose we have two triangles, $ABC$ and $A_1B_1C_1$ positioned in such a way that $AA_1, BB_1$, and $CC_1$ intersect in a point. Let lines $AB$ and $A_1B_1$ meet at point $K$, lines $BC$ and $B_1C_1$, meet at $P$, and $CA$ and $C_1A_1$ at $M$. Then, points $K, P$, and $M$ are collinear (fig. ).
//cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/images/7/a/7/7a79ebd565f8c08adb8aa29b9ce90d97f80c7991.png
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by parmenides51, Aug 21, 2019, 1:14 AM
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a