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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Functional inequality condition
WakeUp   3
N a minute ago by AshAuktober
Source: Italy TST 1995
A function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ satisfies the conditions
\[\begin{cases}f(x+24)\le f(x)+24\\ f(x+77)\ge f(x)+77\end{cases}\quad\text{for all}\ x\in\mathbb{R}\]
Prove that $f(x+1)=f(x)+1$ for all real $x$.
3 replies
WakeUp
Nov 22, 2010
AshAuktober
a minute ago
Asymmetric FE
sman96   16
N 2 minutes ago by jasperE3
Source: BdMO 2025 Higher Secondary P8
Find all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that$$f(xf(y)-y) + f(xy-x) + f(x+y) = 2xy$$for all $x, y \in \mathbb{R}$.
16 replies
sman96
Feb 8, 2025
jasperE3
2 minutes ago
Existence of a rational arithmetic sequence
brianchung11   28
N 11 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: APMO 2009 Q.4
Prove that for any positive integer $ k$, there exists an arithmetic sequence $ \frac{a_1}{b_1}, \frac{a_2}{b_2}, \frac{a_3}{b_3}, ... ,\frac{a_k}{b_k}$ of rational numbers, where $ a_i, b_i$ are relatively prime positive integers for each $ i = 1,2,...,k$ such that the positive integers $ a_1, b_1, a_2, b_2, ...,  a_k, b_k$ are all distinct.
28 replies
brianchung11
Mar 13, 2009
cursed_tangent1434
11 minutes ago
NT from EGMO 2018
BarishNamazov   39
N 18 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: EGMO 2018 P2
Consider the set
\[A = \left\{1+\frac{1}{k} : k=1,2,3,4,\cdots \right\}.\]
[list=a]
[*]Prove that every integer $x \geq 2$ can be written as the product of one or more elements of $A$, which are not necessarily different.

[*]For every integer $x \geq 2$ let $f(x)$ denote the minimum integer such that $x$ can be written as the
product of $f(x)$ elements of $A$, which are not necessarily different.
Prove that there exist infinitely many pairs $(x,y)$ of integers with $x\geq 2$, $y \geq 2$, and \[f(xy)<f(x)+f(y).\](Pairs $(x_1,y_1)$ and $(x_2,y_2)$ are different if $x_1 \neq x_2$ or $y_1 \neq y_2$).
[/list]
39 replies
BarishNamazov
Apr 11, 2018
cursed_tangent1434
18 minutes ago
ISI UGB 2025 P6
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   2
N 19 minutes ago by Mathgloggers
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P6
Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of natural numbers, and let $\left( a_i, b_i \right)$, $1 \leq i \leq 9$, be nine distinct tuples in $\mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N}$. Show that there are three distinct elements in the set $\{ 2^{a_i} 3^{b_i} \colon 1 \leq i \leq 9 \}$ whose product is a perfect cube.
2 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
5 hours ago
Mathgloggers
19 minutes ago
ISI UGB 2025 P2
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   2
N 23 minutes ago by SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P2
If the interior angles of a triangle $ABC$ satisfy the equality, $$\sin ^2 A + \sin ^2 B + \sin^2  C = 2 \left( \cos ^2 A + \cos ^2 B + \cos ^2 C \right),$$prove that the triangle must have a right angle.
2 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
5 hours ago
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
23 minutes ago
angle chasing in RMO, cyclic ABCD, 2 circumcircles, incenter, right wanted
parmenides51   5
N 26 minutes ago by Krishijivi
Source: CRMO 2015 region 1 p1
In a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$, let the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $X$. Let the circumcircles of triangles $AXD$ and $BXC$ intersect again at $Y$ . If $X$ is the incentre of triangle $ABY$ , show that $\angle CAD = 90^o$.
5 replies
parmenides51
Sep 30, 2018
Krishijivi
26 minutes ago
Short combi omg
Davdav1232   6
N 27 minutes ago by DeathIsAwe
Source: Israel TST 2025 test 4 p3
Let \( n \) be a positive integer. A graph on \( 2n - 1 \) vertices is given such that the size of the largest clique in the graph is \( n \). Prove that there exists a vertex that is present in every clique of size \( n\)
6 replies
Davdav1232
Feb 3, 2025
DeathIsAwe
27 minutes ago
Lots of midpoints
Jackson0423   0
33 minutes ago

In triangle \( ABC \), suppose \( AB = BC \). Let \( M \) be the midpoint of \( AB \), and let \( K \) be a point inside the triangle such that \( AM = AK \) and \( CK = CB \).
If \( AC=y \), Find \( \sin \angle AKC \).
0 replies
Jackson0423
33 minutes ago
0 replies
Some combinatorics
giangtruong13   0
an hour ago
Let $A$ be a set of $n$ point ($n $ is integer number, $n \geq 4$). On a plane take 3 points randomly which can form a triangle that has the area $ >1$. Prove that: All points in set $A$ lie inside a triangle that has the area $\leq 4$
0 replies
giangtruong13
an hour ago
0 replies
Interesting inequalities
sqing   0
an hour ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (2a+3)(b+4c)=5.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{27}{20}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (4a+5)(b+6c)=7.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{17}{12}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+2)(b+3c)=4.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{2+\sqrt 3}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+3)(b+6c)=9.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{7+2\sqrt 6}{16}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+4)(b+8c)= 16.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{9+4\sqrt 2}{25}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+2)(b+5c)=2.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3+\sqrt 5}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (3a+2)(b+5c)= 5.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{4(3+\sqrt 5)}{17}$$
0 replies
sqing
an hour ago
0 replies
Interesting inequalities
sqing   5
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+k )(b+c)=k+1.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{2k-3+2\sqrt{k+1}}{3k-1}$$Where $ k\geq \frac{2}{3}.$
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+1)(b+c)=2.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 2\sqrt{2}-1$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+3)(b+c)=4.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{7}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (3a+2)(b+c)= 5.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{2(2\sqrt{15}-5)}{3}$$
5 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 1:29 PM
sqing
an hour ago
ISI UGB 2025 P4
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   3
N an hour ago by SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P4
Let $S^1 = \{ z \in \mathbb{C} \mid |z| =1 \}$ be the unit circle in the complex plane. Let $f \colon S^1 \longrightarrow S^2$ be the map given by $f(z) = z^2$. We define $f^{(1)} \colon = f$ and $f^{(k+1)} \colon = f \circ f^{(k)}$ for $k \geq 1$. The smallest positive integer $n$ such that $f^{(n)}(z) = z$ is called the period of $z$. Determine the total number of points in $S^1$ of period $2025$.
(Hint : $2025 = 3^4 \times 5^2$)
3 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
5 hours ago
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
an hour ago
ISI UGB 2025 P7
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   7
N an hour ago by SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P7
Consider a ball that moves inside an acute-angled triangle along a straight line, unit it hits the boundary, which is when it changes direction according to the mirror law, just like a ray of light (angle of incidence = angle of reflection). Prove that there exists a triangular periodic path for the ball, as pictured below.

IMAGE
7 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
5 hours ago
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
an hour ago
One interesting locus [collinear points and circle]
prowler   3
N Oct 1, 2004 by prowler
Source: Moldavian Olympiad
Let A,B,C be three collinear points and a circle T(A,r).
If M and N are two diametrical opposite variable points on T,
Find locus geometrical of the intersection BM and CN.
3 replies
prowler
Sep 30, 2004
prowler
Oct 1, 2004
One interesting locus [collinear points and circle]
G H J
Source: Moldavian Olympiad
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prowler
312 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let A,B,C be three collinear points and a circle T(A,r).
If M and N are two diametrical opposite variable points on T,
Find locus geometrical of the intersection BM and CN.
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Take the point $X$ on $AB$ s.t. $(B,C;A,X)=-1$. Now let $U=BM\cap CN,\ V=BN\cap CM$. The line $UV$ passes through $X$ (because of well-known projective properties of the complete quadrilateral). Let $S=UV\cap MN$. We have $(BM,BN;BA,BS)=-1$, and since $A$ is the midpoint of $MN$, we find $BS\|MN\Rightarrow UV\|MN$, so $X$ is the midpoint of $UV$. Furthermore, we have $\frac{XU}{AN}=\frac{CX}{CA}$, which is fixed, so $XU$ is constant, meaning that $U$ lies on a circle obtained from $T$ by a homothety of centers $B$ and $C$ (one of them is the external center, the other one is the internal center).
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darij grinberg
6555 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I assume that the points A, B, C and the radius r are fixed, while the two diametrically opposite points M and N move along the circle T.

If this is right, then it's a quite nice problem. In fact, I will only consider the case when the point B lies between the points A and C (in all other cases, the solution is analogous). Let D be the harmonic conjugate of the point A with respect to the segment BC. Then the points B and C are harmonic conjugates of each other with respect to the segment AD. Thus, $\frac{AC}{DC}=-\frac{AB}{DB}$, with directed segments. Let p be a number such that $\frac{r}{p}=\frac{AC}{DC}=-\frac{AB}{DB}$, and consider the circle P(D, p).

Now I claim that this circle P is the required locus of the point of intersection of the lines BM and CN. In order to prove this, I denote the point of intersection of the lines BM and CN by K and aim at proving that this point K lies on the circle P.

In fact, since the segment MN is a diameter of the circle T, it passes through the point A, and we have MA = AN. Now, let the parallel to this diameter MN through the point D meet the line CN at U. Then, by Thales, $\frac{AN}{DU}=\frac{AC}{DC}$. On the other hand, let the parallel to the diamater MN through the point D meet the line BM at V. Then, Thales yields $\frac{AM}{DV}=\frac{AB}{DB}$. Since $\frac{AC}{DC}=-\frac{AB}{DB}$, we have $\frac{AN}{DU}=-\frac{AM}{DV}$, or, equivalently, $\frac{AN}{DU}=\frac{MA}{DV}$. Since MA = AN, this implies DU = DV. This implies that the points U and V coincide, i. e. the parallel to the diameter MN through the point D meets the lines CN and BM at the same point. This point, of course, must then coincide with the point of intersection K of the lines CN and BM. Thus, K = U = V. Therefore, the equation $\frac{AN}{DU}=\frac{AC}{DC}$ becomes $\frac{AN}{DK}=\frac{AC}{DC}$. On the other hand, we know that $\frac{r}{p}=\frac{AC}{DC}$; thus, $\frac{AN}{DK}=\frac{r}{p}$. Now, AN = r; hence, DK = p, and it follows that the point K lies on the circle P(D, p), completing our proof.

[Note that from $\frac{r}{p}=\frac{AC}{DC}=-\frac{AB}{DB}$, it follows that the points B and C are the two centers of similitude of the circles T and P.]

Darij
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prowler
312 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
You have good solutions Grobber and Darij. All students who solve it
used the idea with harmonic division. But in fact the solution given by the
propozers was bazed on analitic geometry and it is long and not so beautiful.
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