Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Isos Trap
MithsApprentice   38
N 2 minutes ago by eg4334
Source: USAMO 1999 Problem 6
Let $ABCD$ be an isosceles trapezoid with $AB \parallel CD$. The inscribed circle $\omega$ of triangle $BCD$ meets $CD$ at $E$. Let $F$ be a point on the (internal) angle bisector of $\angle DAC$ such that $EF \perp CD$. Let the circumscribed circle of triangle $ACF$ meet line $CD$ at $C$ and $G$. Prove that the triangle $AFG$ is isosceles.
38 replies
MithsApprentice
Oct 3, 2005
eg4334
2 minutes ago
Funny function that there isn't exist
ItzsleepyXD   0
3 minutes ago
Source: Own, Modified from old problem
Determine all functions $f\colon\mathbb{Z}_{>0}\to\mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ such that, for all positive integers $m$ and $n$,
$$ m^{\phi(n)}+n^{\phi(m)} \mid f(m)^n + f(n)^m$$
0 replies
ItzsleepyXD
3 minutes ago
0 replies
Inspired by Deomad123
sqing   3
N 6 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers so that $ a+2b+3c=2 $ and $ 2ab+6bc+3ca =1. $ Show that
$$\frac{10}{9} \leq a+2b+ c\leq 2 $$$$\frac{11-\sqrt{13}}{9} \leq a+b+c\leq \frac{11+\sqrt{13}}{9} $$$$\frac{29-\sqrt{13}}{9} \leq 2a+3b+4c\leq \frac{29+\sqrt{13}}{9} $$
3 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 2:28 PM
sqing
6 minutes ago
Incircle and circumcircle
stergiu   6
N 7 minutes ago by Sadigly
Source: tst- Greece 2019
Let a triangle $ABC$ inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ with center $O$. Let $I$ the incenter of triangle $ABC$ and $D, E, F$ the contact points of the incircle with sides $BC, AC, AB$ of triangle $ABC$ respectively . Let also $S$ the foot of the perpendicular line from $D$ to the line $EF$.Prove that line $SI$ passes from the antidiametric point $N$ of $A$ in the circle $\Gamma$.( $AN$ is a diametre of the circle $\Gamma$).
6 replies
stergiu
Sep 23, 2019
Sadigly
7 minutes ago
2011-gon
3333   27
N 38 minutes ago by Maximilian113
Source: All-Russian 2011
A convex 2011-gon is drawn on the board. Peter keeps drawing its diagonals in such a way, that each newly drawn diagonal intersected no more than one of the already drawn diagonals. What is the greatest number of diagonals that Peter can draw?
27 replies
3333
May 17, 2011
Maximilian113
38 minutes ago
ISL 2015 C4 But I misread statement (ii)
ItzsleepyXD   1
N an hour ago by golue3120
Source: ISL 2015 C4 misread
Let $n$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$ and $B$ play a game in which they take turns choosing positive integers $k \le n$. The rules of the game are:

(i) A player cannot choose a number that has been chosen by either player on any previous turn.
(ii) A player cannot choose a number consecutive to any number chosen by any player on any turn.
(iii) The game is a draw if all numbers have been chosen; otherwise the player who cannot choose a number anymore loses the game.

The player $A$ takes the first turn. Determine the outcome of the game, assuming that both players use optimal strategies.

note
1 reply
ItzsleepyXD
an hour ago
golue3120
an hour ago
Geometry tangent circles
Stefan4024   65
N an hour ago by eg4334
Source: EGMO 2016 Day 2 Problem 4
Two circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$, of equal radius intersect at different points $X_1$ and $X_2$. Consider a circle $\omega$ externally tangent to $\omega_1$ at $T_1$ and internally tangent to $\omega_2$ at point $T_2$. Prove that lines $X_1T_1$ and $X_2T_2$ intersect at a point lying on $\omega$.
65 replies
Stefan4024
Apr 13, 2016
eg4334
an hour ago
Maximum Sum in a Grid
Mathdreams   1
N an hour ago by iliya8788
Source: 2025 Nepal Mock TST Day 3 Problem 1
Let $m$ and $n$ be positive integers. In an $m \times n$ grid, two cells are considered neighboring if they share a common edge. Kritesh performs the following actions:

1. He begins by writing $0$ in any cell of the grid.
2. He then fills each remaining cell with a non-negative integer such that the absolute difference between the numbers in any two neighboring cells is exactly $1$.

Kritesh aims to fill the grid in a way that maximizes the sum of the numbers written in all the cells. Determine the maximum possible sum that Kritesh can achieve in terms of $m$ and $n$.

(Kritesh Dhakal, Nepal)
1 reply
Mathdreams
5 hours ago
iliya8788
an hour ago
Something nice
KhuongTrang   25
N 2 hours ago by KhuongTrang
Source: own
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
25 replies
KhuongTrang
Nov 1, 2023
KhuongTrang
2 hours ago
Beautiful problem
luutrongphuc   12
N 3 hours ago by luutrongphuc
(Phan Quang Tri) Let triangle $ABC$ be circumscribed about circle $(I)$, and let $H$ be the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. The circle $(I)$ touches line $BC$ at $D$. The tangent to the circle $(BHC)$ at $H$ meets $BC$ at $S$. Let $J$ be the midpoint of $HI$, and let the line $DJ$ meet $(I)$ again at $X$. The tangent to $(I)$ parallel to $BC$ meets the line $AX$ at $T$. Prove that $ST$ is tangent to $(I)$.
12 replies
luutrongphuc
Apr 4, 2025
luutrongphuc
3 hours ago
Navid FE on R+
Assassino9931   0
3 hours ago
Source: Bulgaria Balkan MO TST 2025
Determine all functions $f: \mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$ such that
\[ f(x)f\left(x + 4f(y)\right) = xf\left(x + 3y\right) + f(x)f(y) \]for any positive real numbers $x,y$.
0 replies
+1 w
Assassino9931
3 hours ago
0 replies
Combinatorics on progressions
Assassino9931   0
3 hours ago
Source: Bulgaria Balkan MO TST 2025
Let \( p > 1 \) and \( q > 1 \) be coprime integers. Call a set $a_1 < a_2 < \cdots < a_{p+q}$ balanced if the numbers \( a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_p \) form an arithmetic progression with difference \( q \), and the numbers \( a_p, a_{p+1}, \ldots, a_{p+q} \) form an arithmetic progression with difference \( p \).

In terms of $p$ and $q$, determine the maximum size of a collection of balanced sets such that every two of them have a non-empty intersection.
0 replies
1 viewing
Assassino9931
3 hours ago
0 replies
Linear recurrence fits with factorial finitely often
Assassino9931   0
3 hours ago
Source: Bulgaria Balkan MO TST 2025
Let $k\geq 3$ be an integer. The sequence $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ is defined via $a_1 = 1$, $a_2 = k$ and
\[ a_{n+2} = ka_{n+1} + a_n \]for any positive integer $n$. Prove that there are finitely many pairs $(m, \ell)$ of positive integers such that $a_m = \ell!$.
0 replies
Assassino9931
3 hours ago
0 replies
Projective training on circumscribds
Assassino9931   0
4 hours ago
Source: Bulgaria Balkan MO TST 2025
Let $ABCD$ be a circumscribed quadrilateral with incircle $k$ and no two opposite angles equal. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point on the diagonal $BD$, which is inside $k$. The segments $AP$ and $CP$ intersect $k$ at $K$ and $L$. The tangents to $k$ at $K$ and $L$ intersect at $S$. Prove that $S$ lies on the line $BD$.
0 replies
Assassino9931
4 hours ago
0 replies
right triangle construction given R and r
parmenides51   0
Nov 22, 2022
Source: 1983 German Federal - Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik - BWM - Round 1 p2
The radii of the circumcircle and the incircle of a right triangle are given. Cconstruct that triangle with compass and ruler, describe the construction and justify why it is correct.
0 replies
parmenides51
Nov 22, 2022
0 replies
right triangle construction given R and r
G H J
Source: 1983 German Federal - Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik - BWM - Round 1 p2
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
parmenides51
30630 posts
#1
Y by
The radii of the circumcircle and the incircle of a right triangle are given. Cconstruct that triangle with compass and ruler, describe the construction and justify why it is correct.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by parmenides51, Nov 30, 2022, 11:10 PM
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a