Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
[list][*]May 9th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, Casework 2: Overwhelming Evidence — A Text Adventure, a game where participants will work together to navigate the map, solve puzzles, and win! All are welcome.
[*]May 19th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, What's Next After Beast Academy?, designed for students finishing Beast Academy and ready for Prealgebra 1.
[*]May 20th, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 1 Math Jam, Problems 1 to 4, join the Canada/USA Mathcamp staff for this exciting Math Jam, where they discuss solutions to Problems 1 to 4 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz!
[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Paradoxes and Infinity
Mon, Tue, Wed, & Thurs, Jul 14 - Jul 16 (meets every day of the week!)

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

AIME Problem Series A
Thursday, May 22 - Jul 31

AIME Problem Series B
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Greece JBMO TST
ultralako   25
N a minute ago by AylyGayypow009
Source: Greece JBMO TST Problem 4
Find all positive integers $x,y,z$ with $z$ odd, which satisfy the equation:

$$2018^x=100^y + 1918^z$$
25 replies
ultralako
Apr 22, 2018
AylyGayypow009
a minute ago
ISI UGB 2025 P7
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   8
N 9 minutes ago by Mathworld314
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P7
Consider a ball that moves inside an acute-angled triangle along a straight line, unit it hits the boundary, which is when it changes direction according to the mirror law, just like a ray of light (angle of incidence = angle of reflection). Prove that there exists a triangular periodic path for the ball, as pictured below.

IMAGE
8 replies
1 viewing
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Yesterday at 11:28 AM
Mathworld314
9 minutes ago
Proving ZA=ZB
nAalniaOMliO   6
N 11 minutes ago by Mathgloggers
Source: Belarusian National Olympiad 2025
Point $H$ is the foot of the altitude from $A$ of triangle $ABC$. On the lines $AB$ and $AC$ points $X$ and $Y$ are marked such that the circumcircles of triangles $BXH$ and $CYH$ are tangent, call this circles $w_B$ and $w_C$ respectively. Tangent lines to circles $w_B$ and $w_C$ at $X$ and $Y$ intersect at $Z$.
Prove that $ZA=ZH$.
Vadzim Kamianetski
6 replies
nAalniaOMliO
Mar 28, 2025
Mathgloggers
11 minutes ago
Interesting inequalities
sqing   1
N 28 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (2a+3)(b+4c)=5.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{27}{20}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (4a+5)(b+6c)=7.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{17}{12}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+2)(b+3c)=4.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{2+\sqrt 3}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+3)(b+6c)=9.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{7+2\sqrt 6}{16}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+4)(b+8c)= 16.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{9+4\sqrt 2}{25}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (a+2)(b+5c)=2.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3+\sqrt 5}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , (3a+2)(b+5c)= 5.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{4(3+\sqrt 5)}{17}$$
1 reply
sqing
Yesterday at 3:17 PM
sqing
28 minutes ago
Six variables
Nguyenhuyen_AG   3
N 32 minutes ago by TNKT
Let $a,\,b,\,c,\,x,\,y,\,z$ be six positive real numbers. Prove that
$$\frac{a}{b+c} \cdot \frac{y+z}{x} + \frac{b}{c+a} \cdot \frac{z+x}{y} + \frac{c}{a+b} \cdot \frac{x+y}{z} \geqslant 2+\sqrt{\frac{8abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}}.$$
3 replies
Nguyenhuyen_AG
Yesterday at 5:09 AM
TNKT
32 minutes ago
sum (a^2 + b^2)/2ab + 2(ab + bc + ca)/3 >=5
parmenides51   11
N an hour ago by Sh309had
Source: 2023 Greece JBMO TST p3/ easy version of Shortlist 2022 A6 https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h3099025p28018726
Let $a, b,$ and $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 3$. Prove that
$$\frac{a^2 + b^2}{2ab} + \frac{b^2 + c^2}{2bc} + \frac{c^2 + a^2}{2ca} + \frac{2(ab + bc + ca)}{3} \ge 5 $$When equality holds?
11 replies
parmenides51
May 17, 2024
Sh309had
an hour ago
ISI UGB 2025 P2
SomeonecoolLovesMaths   7
N an hour ago by lakshya2009
Source: ISI UGB 2025 P2
If the interior angles of a triangle $ABC$ satisfy the equality, $$\sin ^2 A + \sin ^2 B + \sin^2  C = 2 \left( \cos ^2 A + \cos ^2 B + \cos ^2 C \right),$$prove that the triangle must have a right angle.
7 replies
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Yesterday at 11:16 AM
lakshya2009
an hour ago
Quadratic trinomial swaps values
Sadigly   1
N an hour ago by alexheinis
Source: Azerbaijan Senior NMO 2017
$P(x)$ is a quadratic trinomial such that there exists $a\neq b$ real numbers that satisfies $P(a)=b$ and $P(b)=a$. Prove that $a,b$ are the only numbers satisfying $P(x)=y$ and $P(y)=x$
1 reply
Sadigly
Yesterday at 8:53 PM
alexheinis
an hour ago
Linearity in a specific function
youochange   2
N an hour ago by youochange
$f(x-c)+c=f(x)$ $and f:\mathbb Z \to \mathbb Z$

Does this mean f(x) is linear?
2 replies
youochange
2 hours ago
youochange
an hour ago
Serbian selection contest for the BMO 2025 - P1
OgnjenTesic   3
N an hour ago by EeEeRUT
Given is triangle $ABC$ with centroid $T$, such that $\angle BAC + \angle BTC = 180^\circ$. Let $G$ and $H$ be the second points of intersection of lines $CT$ and $BT$ with the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, respectively. Prove that the line $GH$ is tangent to the Euler circle of triangle $ABC$.

Proposed by Andrija Živadinović
3 replies
OgnjenTesic
Apr 7, 2025
EeEeRUT
an hour ago
Hard combi
EeEApO   8
N 2 hours ago by navier3072
In a quiz competition, there are a total of $100 $questions, each with $4$ answer choices. A participant who answers all questions correctly will receive a gift. To ensure that at least one member of my family answers all questions correctly, how many family members need to take the quiz?

Now, suppose my spouse and I move into a new home. Every year, we have twins. Starting at the age of $16$, each of our twin children also begins to have twins every year. If this pattern continues, how many years will it take for my family to grow large enough to have the required number of members to guarantee winning the quiz gift?
8 replies
EeEApO
May 8, 2025
navier3072
2 hours ago
Reflections of AB, AC with respect to BC and angle bisector of A
falantrng   29
N 2 hours ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: BMO 2024 Problem 1
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AC > AB$ and let $D$ be the foot of the
$A$-angle bisector on $BC$. The reflections of lines $AB$ and $AC$ in line $BC$ meet $AC$ and $AB$ at points
$E$ and $F$ respectively. A line through $D$ meets $AC$ and $AB$ at $G$ and $H$ respectively such that $G$
lies strictly between $A$ and $C$ while $H$ lies strictly between $B$ and $F$. Prove that the circumcircles of
$\triangle EDG$ and $\triangle FDH$ are tangent to each other.
29 replies
falantrng
Apr 29, 2024
cursed_tangent1434
2 hours ago
JBMO Combinatorics vibes
Sadigly   1
N 2 hours ago by Royal_mhyasd
Source: Azerbaijan Senior NMO 2018
Numbers $1,2,3...,100$ are written on a board. $A$ and $B$ plays the following game: They take turns choosing a number from the board and deleting them. $A$ starts first. They sum all the deleted numbers. If after a player's turn (after he deletes a number on the board) the sum of the deleted numbers can't be expressed as difference of two perfect squares,then he loses, if not, then the game continues as usual. Which player got a winning strategy?
1 reply
Sadigly
Yesterday at 9:53 PM
Royal_mhyasd
2 hours ago
line JK of intersection points of 2 lines passes through the midpoint of BC
parmenides51   3
N 2 hours ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: Rioplatense Olympiad 2018 level 3 p4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AC> AB$. be $\Gamma$ the circumcircle circumscribed to the triangle $ABC$ and $D$ the midpoint of the smallest arc $BC$ of this circle. Let $E$ and $F$ points of the segments $AB$ and $AC$ respectively such that $AE = AF$. Let $P \neq A$ be the second intersection point of the circumcircle circumscribed to $AEF$ with $\Gamma$. Let $G$ and $H$ be the intersections of lines $PE$ and $PF$ with $\Gamma$ other than $P$, respectively. Let $J$ and $K$ be the intersection points of lines $DG$ and $DH$ with lines $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. Show that the $JK$ line passes through the midpoint of $BC$
3 replies
parmenides51
Dec 11, 2018
cursed_tangent1434
2 hours ago
Domain such that a minimum is positive 2000 Tokyo Univ. #2
Kunihiko_Chikaya   1
N Apr 28, 2025 by Mathzeus1024
In the domain of $-1\leq x\leq 1,\ -1\leq y\leq 1$ in the $x$-$y$ plane, for the constants $a,\ b$, draw the domain of the point $(a,\ b)$ such that the minimum value of $1-ax-by-axy$ is positive.
1 reply
Kunihiko_Chikaya
Nov 18, 2010
Mathzeus1024
Apr 28, 2025
Domain such that a minimum is positive 2000 Tokyo Univ. #2
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Kunihiko_Chikaya
14514 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
In the domain of $-1\leq x\leq 1,\ -1\leq y\leq 1$ in the $x$-$y$ plane, for the constants $a,\ b$, draw the domain of the point $(a,\ b)$ such that the minimum value of $1-ax-by-axy$ is positive.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Mathzeus1024
879 posts
#2
Y by
Let us take the function $f(x,y) = ax+by+axy$ for real $x,y \in [-1,1]$ such that $\nabla f=0$ yields the critical point:

$f_{x} = a+ay = 0 \Rightarrow y=-1$ (i);

$f_{y} = b+ax=0 \Rightarrow x =-\frac{b}{a}$ (ii) (for $a \neq 0$);

which a check of the Hessian Matrix at this critical point shows us:

$F(x,y) = \begin{bmatrix} f_{xx} && f_{xy} \\ f_{yx} && f_{yy}\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 && a \\ a && 0 \end{bmatrix} \Rightarrow |F(-b/a,-1)| = -a^2 < 0$ (a maximum for all real $x,y \in [-1,1], a \neq 0$).

Hence, $f_{MAX} = f\left(-\frac{b}{a},-1\right) = -b-b+b = -b$. If $g(x,y)=1-f(x,y)$, then $g_{MIN} = 1-f_{MAX}=1-(-b)=1+b >0 \Rightarrow b > -1$. Recall that we also require $-1 \le -\frac{b}{a} \le 1$ by (ii), which gives the required set:

$\textcolor{red}{S = \{(a,b): -1 \le -\frac{b}{a}\le 1}$ for $\textcolor{red}{a \in \mathbb{R}\backslash\{0\}, b\in (-1,\infty)\}}$.
Attachments:
This post has been edited 4 times. Last edited by Mathzeus1024, Apr 28, 2025, 1:44 PM
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a