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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Is this FE is solvable?
ItzsleepyXD   2
N 2 minutes ago by frost23
Source: Own , If not appear somewhere before
Find all function $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that for all $x,y \in  \mathbb{R}$ . $$f(x+f(y))+f(x+y)=2x+f(y)+f(f(y))$$. Original
2 replies
ItzsleepyXD
6 hours ago
frost23
2 minutes ago
butterfly theorem in finnish high school math competition
parmenides51   4
N 17 minutes ago by arzhang2001
Source: Finland 2018, p3
The chords $AB$ and $CD$ of a circle intersect at $M$, which is the midpoint of the chord $PQ$. The points $X$ and $Y$ are the intersections of the segments $AD$ and $PQ$, respectively, and $BC$ and $PQ$, respectively. Show that $M$ is the midpoint of $XY$.
4 replies
parmenides51
Sep 8, 2019
arzhang2001
17 minutes ago
2^x + 3^y a perfect square, find positive integers x,y
parmenides51   12
N 27 minutes ago by MR.1
Source: JBMO Shortlist 2017 NT3
Find all pairs of positive integers $(x,y)$ such that $2^x + 3^y$ is a perfect square.
12 replies
parmenides51
Jul 25, 2018
MR.1
27 minutes ago
Geo metry
TUAN2k8   4
N 28 minutes ago by TUAN2k8
Help me plss!
Given an acute triangle $ABC$. Points $D$ and $E$ lie on segments $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Lines $BD$ and $CE$ intersect at point $F$. The circumcircles of triangles $BDF$ and $CEF$ intersect at a second point $P$. The circumcircles of triangles $ABC$ and $ADE$ intersect at a second point $Q$. Point $K$ lies on segment $AP$ such that $KQ \perp AQ$. Prove that triangles $\triangle BKD$ and $\triangle CKE$ are similar.
4 replies
TUAN2k8
May 6, 2025
TUAN2k8
28 minutes ago
harmonic quadrilateral
Lukariman   0
38 minutes ago
Given quadrilateral ABCD inscribed in a circle with center O. CA:CB= DA:DB are satisfied. M is any point and d is a line parallel to MC. Radial projection M transforms A,B,D onto line d into A',B',D'. Prove that B' is the midpoint of A'D'.
0 replies
Lukariman
38 minutes ago
0 replies
Functional equation
Nima Ahmadi Pour   99
N an hour ago by youochange
Source: ISl 2005, A2, Iran prepration exam
We denote by $\mathbb{R}^+$ the set of all positive real numbers.

Find all functions $f: \mathbb R^ + \rightarrow\mathbb R^ +$ which have the property:
\[f(x)f(y)=2f(x+yf(x))\]
for all positive real numbers $x$ and $y$.

Proposed by Nikolai Nikolov, Bulgaria
99 replies
Nima Ahmadi Pour
Apr 24, 2006
youochange
an hour ago
JBMO 2018. Shortlist NT
Steve12345   14
N an hour ago by MR.1
Find all ordered pairs of positive integers $(m,n)$ such that :
$125*2^n-3^m=271$
14 replies
Steve12345
Jul 7, 2019
MR.1
an hour ago
2025 HMIC-5
EthanWYX2009   1
N an hour ago by EthanWYX2009
Source: 2025 HMIC-5
Compute the smallest positive integer $k > 45$ for which there exists a sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots ,a_{k-1}$ of positive integers satisfying the following conditions:[list]
[*]$a_i = i$ for all integers $1 \le i \le 45;$
[*] $a_{k-i} = i$ for all integers $1 \le i \le 45;$
[*] for any odd integer $1 \le n \le k -45,$ the sequence $a_n, a_{n+1}, \ldots  , a_{n+44}$ is a permutation of
$\{1, 2, \ldots  , 45\}.$[/list]
Proposed by: Derek Liu
1 reply
EthanWYX2009
Wednesday at 3:16 PM
EthanWYX2009
an hour ago
JBMO 2018. Shortlist NT
Steve12345   14
N an hour ago by MR.1
Prove that there exist infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $\frac{4^n+2^n+1}{n^2+n+1}$ is a positive integer.
14 replies
Steve12345
Jul 7, 2019
MR.1
an hour ago
Kosovo MO 2010 Problem 5
Com10atorics   21
N an hour ago by navier3072
Source: Kosovo MO 2010 Problem 5
Let $x,y$ be positive real numbers such that $x+y=1$. Prove that
$\left(1+\frac {1}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac {1}{y}\right)\geq 9$.
21 replies
Com10atorics
Jun 7, 2021
navier3072
an hour ago
Hard combi
EeEApO   4
N an hour ago by navier3072
In a quiz competition, there are a total of $100 $questions, each with $4$ answer choices. A participant who answers all questions correctly will receive a gift. To ensure that at least one member of my family answers all questions correctly, how many family members need to take the quiz?

Now, suppose my spouse and I move into a new home. Every year, we have twins. Starting at the age of $16$, each of our twin children also begins to have twins every year. If this pattern continues, how many years will it take for my family to grow large enough to have the required number of members to guarantee winning the quiz gift?
4 replies
EeEApO
Yesterday at 6:08 PM
navier3072
an hour ago
Problem 4 of Finals
GeorgeRP   1
N an hour ago by Stanleyyyyy
Source: XIII International Festival of Young Mathematicians Sozopol 2024, Theme for 10-12 grade
The diagonals \( AD \), \( BE \), and \( CF \) of a hexagon \( ABCDEF \) inscribed in a circle \( k \) intersect at a point \( P \), and the acute angle between any two of them is \( 60^\circ \). Let \( r_{AB} \) be the radius of the circle tangent to segments \( PA \) and \( PB \) and internally tangent to \( k \); the radii \( r_{BC} \), \( r_{CD} \), \( r_{DE} \), \( r_{EF} \), and \( r_{FA} \) are defined similarly. Prove that
\[
r_{AB}r_{CD} + r_{CD}r_{EF} + r_{EF}r_{AB} = r_{BC}r_{DE} + r_{DE}r_{FA} + r_{FA}r_{BC}.
\]
1 reply
GeorgeRP
Sep 10, 2024
Stanleyyyyy
an hour ago
FE on positive reals with a surprise
MarkBcc168   5
N 2 hours ago by NuMBeRaToRiC
Source: 2019 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad P3
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}^+\to\mathbb{R}^+$ such that $f(x+yf(x)+y^2) = f(x)+2y$ for every $x,y\in\mathbb{R}^+$.
5 replies
MarkBcc168
May 22, 2019
NuMBeRaToRiC
2 hours ago
Both a and a+1997 are roots of P, Q(P(x))=1 has no solutions
WakeUp   2
N 2 hours ago by Rohit-2006
Source: Baltic Way 1997
Let $P$ and $Q$ be polynomials with integer coefficients. Suppose that the integers $a$ and $a+1997$ are roots of $P$, and that $Q(1998)=2000$. Prove that the equation $Q(P(x))=1$ has no integer solutions.
2 replies
WakeUp
Jan 28, 2011
Rohit-2006
2 hours ago
Lines from vertices to some point are perpendicular
chaotic_iak   4
N Sep 10, 2023 by ismayilzadei1387
Source: 2012 Indonesia Round 2.5 TST 1 Problem 3
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ is tangent to the sides $AB,AC$ at $M,N$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is the intersection between $MN$ and the bisector of $\angle ABC$. Prove that $BP$ and $CP$ are perpendicular.
4 replies
chaotic_iak
May 10, 2012
ismayilzadei1387
Sep 10, 2023
Lines from vertices to some point are perpendicular
G H J
Source: 2012 Indonesia Round 2.5 TST 1 Problem 3
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chaotic_iak
2932 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ is tangent to the sides $AB,AC$ at $M,N$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is the intersection between $MN$ and the bisector of $\angle ABC$. Prove that $BP$ and $CP$ are perpendicular.
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hadikh
36 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
chaotic_iak wrote:
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ is tangent to the sides $AB,AC$ at $M,N$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is the intersection between $MN$ and the bisector of $\angle ABC$. Prove that $BP$ and $CP$ are perpendicular.
Hint
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chaotic_iak
2932 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
There's a reason why this is in Proposed & Own Problems (or otherwise known as "solved by poster, but looking for alternate solutions").

I didn't solve this in the test because I tried on the Algebra one, and when I see this, I immediately think of analytic geometry (hey, one circle, one bisector; use the bisector as an axis and we have a good fact that the gradients of the two sides of the bisected angle are opposites!)...which leads to something messy. So I gave up. Without thinking of simple angle chasing. :headbash:

(Also, I get the one-liner solution probably precisely as you want to say from a friend.)
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hectorleo123
344 posts
#4
Y by
chaotic_iak wrote:
The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ is tangent to the sides $AB,AC$ at $M,N$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is the intersection between $MN$ and the bisector of $\angle ABC$. Prove that $BP$ and $CP$ are perpendicular.
$\color{blue}\boxed{\textbf{Proof:}}$
$\color{blue}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
$\color{green}\boxed{\textbf{Solution 1:}}$
$\color{green}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
Let $I$ be the incenter of $\triangle ABC$
Let $\angle MBI=\angle IBC=\alpha, \angle NCI=\angle ICB=\beta$
$$\Rightarrow \angle ABC=2\alpha, \angle ACP=2\beta$$$$\Rightarrow \angle BAC=180-2\alpha -2\beta$$$$\Rightarrow \angle NAI=90-\alpha -\beta...(I)$$Since $\angle IMA=\angle INA=90$
$$\Rightarrow ANIM \text{ is cyclic}$$$$\Rightarrow \angle NMI=\angle NAI$$By $(I):$
$$\Rightarrow \angle NMI=90-\alpha-\beta$$In $\triangle BMP:$
$$\alpha +90+90-\alpha -\beta +\angle MPB=180$$$$\Rightarrow \angle MPB=\beta=\angle NCI$$$$\Rightarrow PNIC \text{ is cyclic}$$$$\Rightarrow \angle IPC=\angle INC=90$$$$\Rightarrow \boxed{BP\perp CP}_\blacksquare$$$\color{green}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
$\color{green}\boxed{\textbf{Solution 2:}}$
$\color{green}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
Let $T$ be the point of tangency of the incircle to the side $BC$
Working in complex numbers, where $\odot (MNP)$ is the unit circle, let $m=m$, $n=n$, $t=1$ and $i=0$
$A$ is the intersection of the tangents to the incircle that pass through $M$ and $N:$
$$\Rightarrow a=\frac{2mn}{m+n}$$Analogously we have to:
$$b=\frac{2m}{m+1}$$$$c=\frac{2n}{n+1}$$$P, B \text{ and }O$ are collinears:
$$\Rightarrow \frac{p}{\overline{p}}=\frac{b}{\overline{b}}$$$$\Rightarrow \frac{p}{\overline{p}}=\frac{\frac{2m}{m+1}}{\frac{2}{m+1}}=m$$$$\Rightarrow \overline{p}=\frac{p}{m}...(\blacktriangle)$$$M, N \text{ and }P$ are collinears:
$$\Rightarrow \frac{p-m}{\overline{p}-\overline{m}}=\frac{m-n}{\overline{m}-\overline{n}}=-mn$$$$\Rightarrow \overline{p}=\frac{m+n-p}{mn}...(\blacksquare)$$By $(\blacktriangle)$ and $(\blacksquare):$
$$\Rightarrow \frac{p}{m}=\frac{m+n-p}{mn}$$$$\Rightarrow p=\frac{m+n}{n+1}...(\star)$$$BP\perp CP:$
$$\Leftrightarrow \frac{b-p}{\overline{b}-\overline{p}}=-\frac{c-p}{\overline{c}-\overline{p}}$$By $(\star):$
$$\Leftrightarrow \frac{\frac{2m}{m+1}-\frac{m+n}{n+1}}{\frac{2}{m+1}-\frac{m+n}{m(n+1)}}=-\frac{\frac{2n}{n+1}-\frac{m+n}{n+1}}{\frac{2}{n+1}-\frac{m+n}{m(n+1)}}$$$$\Leftrightarrow \frac{2m(n+1)-(m+n)(m+1)}{\frac{2m(n+1)-(m+n)(m+1)}{m}}=-\frac{n-m}{\frac{m-n}{m}}$$$$\Leftrightarrow m=m\checkmark$$$$\Rightarrow \boxed{BP\perp CP}_\blacksquare$$$\color{green}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
$\color{blue}\rule{24cm}{0.3pt}$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by hectorleo123, Jul 25, 2023, 1:10 AM
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ismayilzadei1387
219 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by FriIzi
It's just Iran Lemma
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N Quick Reply
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