Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 1-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!
No tags match your search
M
G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
H
k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
[list][*]May 9th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, Casework 2: Overwhelming Evidence — A Text Adventure, a game where participants will work together to navigate the map, solve puzzles, and win! All are welcome.
[*]May 19th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, What's Next After Beast Academy?, designed for students finishing Beast Academy and ready for Prealgebra 1.
[*]May 20th, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 1 Math Jam, Problems 1 to 4, join the Canada/USA Mathcamp staff for this exciting Math Jam, where they discuss solutions to Problems 1 to 4 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz!
[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Paradoxes and Infinity
Mon, Tue, Wed, & Thurs, Jul 14 - Jul 16 (meets every day of the week!)

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

AIME Problem Series A
Thursday, May 22 - Jul 31

AIME Problem Series B
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!

MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
J
H
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
J
H
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
J
H
Geometry
Lukariman   3
N 5 minutes ago by Lukariman
Given circle (O) and point P outside (O). From P draw tangents PA and PB to (O) with contact points A, B. On the opposite ray of ray BP, take point M. The circle circumscribing triangle APM intersects (O) at the second point D. Let H be the projection of B on AM. Prove that $\angle HDM$ = 2∠AMP.
3 replies
+1 w
Lukariman
Yesterday at 12:43 PM
Lukariman
5 minutes ago
J
H
III Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2013 - Problem 5
DavidAndrade   2
N 7 minutes ago by KTYC
Find all the numbers of $5$ non-zero digits such that deleting consecutively the digit of the left, in each step, we obtain a divisor of the previous number.
2 replies
DavidAndrade
Aug 12, 2013
KTYC
7 minutes ago
J
H
Maximum number of terms in the sequence
orl   11
N 30 minutes ago by navier3072
Source: IMO LongList, Vietnam 1, IMO 1977, Day 1, Problem 2
In a finite sequence of real numbers the sum of any seven successive terms is negative and the sum of any eleven successive terms is positive. Determine the maximum number of terms in the sequence.
11 replies
orl
Nov 12, 2005
navier3072
30 minutes ago
J
H
Combinatorics
P162008   2
N 38 minutes ago by cazanova19921
Let $m,n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Let $[n]$ denote the set of natural numbers less than or equal to $n.$

Let $f(m,n) = \sum_{(x_1,x_2,x_3, \cdots, x_m) \in [n]^{m}} \frac{x_1}{x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + \cdots + x_m} \binom{n}{x_1} \binom{n}{x_2} \binom{n}{x_3} \cdots \binom{n}{x_m} 2^{\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} x_i\right)}$

Compute the sum of the digits of $f(4,4).$
2 replies
P162008
an hour ago
cazanova19921
38 minutes ago
J
H
USAMO 2003 Problem 1
MithsApprentice   68
N 40 minutes ago by Mamadi
Prove that for every positive integer $n$ there exists an $n$-digit number divisible by $5^n$ all of whose digits are odd.
68 replies
MithsApprentice
Sep 27, 2005
Mamadi
40 minutes ago
J
H
Centroid, altitudes and medians, and concyclic points
BR1F1SZ   3
N an hour ago by EeEeRUT
Source: Austria National MO Part 1 Problem 2
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be an acute triangle with $BC > AC$. Let $S$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC$ and let $F$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $C$ to side $AB$. The median $CS$ intersects the circumcircle $\gamma$ of triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ at a second point $P$. Let $M$ be the point where $CS$ intersects $AB$. The line $SF$ intersects the circle $\gamma$ at a point $Q$, such that $F$ lies between $S$ and $Q$. Prove that the points $M,P,Q$ and $F$ lie on a circle.

(Karl Czakler)
3 replies
BR1F1SZ
Monday at 9:45 PM
EeEeRUT
an hour ago
J
H
IMO Genre Predictions
ohiorizzler1434   60
N an hour ago by Yiyj
Everybody, with IMO upcoming, what are you predictions for the problem genres?


Personally I predict: predict
60 replies
ohiorizzler1434
May 3, 2025
Yiyj
an hour ago
J
H
square root problem
kjhgyuio   5
N an hour ago by Solar Plexsus
........
5 replies
kjhgyuio
May 3, 2025
Solar Plexsus
an hour ago
J
H
Diodes and usamons
v_Enhance   47
N an hour ago by EeEeRUT
Source: USA December TST for the 56th IMO, by Linus Hamilton
A physicist encounters $2015$ atoms called usamons. Each usamon either has one electron or zero electrons, and the physicist can't tell the difference. The physicist's only tool is a diode. The physicist may connect the diode from any usamon $A$ to any other usamon $B$. (This connection is directed.) When she does so, if usamon $A$ has an electron and usamon $B$ does not, then the electron jumps from $A$ to $B$. In any other case, nothing happens. In addition, the physicist cannot tell whether an electron jumps during any given step. The physicist's goal is to isolate two usamons that she is sure are currently in the same state. Is there any series of diode usage that makes this possible?

Proposed by Linus Hamilton
47 replies
v_Enhance
Dec 17, 2014
EeEeRUT
an hour ago
J
H
3-var inequality
sqing   1
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b\geq 0 ,a^3-ab+b^3=1 $. Prove that
$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^2+3} \geq \frac{1}{4}$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^3+3} \geq \frac{1}{4}$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ ab+2} \geq \frac{1}{3}$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^3+ ab+2} \geq \frac{1}{3}$$Let $ a,b\geq 0 ,a^3+ab+b^3=3 $. Prove that
$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^2+3} \geq \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}+\sqrt[3]{3}-1)$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+3 }+ \frac{b}{b^3+3} \geq \frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{9}}$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^2+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ ab+2} \geq \frac{4\sqrt[3]{3}+3\sqrt[3]{9}-6}{17}$$$$ \frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{a}{a^3+ab+2}+ \frac{b}{b^3+ ab+2} \geq \frac{\sqrt[3]{3}}{5}$$
1 reply
sqing
2 hours ago
sqing
2 hours ago
J
H
IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 3
orl   37
N 2 hours ago by deduck
Source: IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 3, HK 2009 TST 2 Q.2
Define a $ k$-clique to be a set of $ k$ people such that every pair of them are acquainted with each other. At a certain party, every pair of 3-cliques has at least one person in common, and there are no 5-cliques. Prove that there are two or fewer people at the party whose departure leaves no 3-clique remaining.
37 replies
orl
Sep 30, 2004
deduck
2 hours ago
J
H
area of O_1O_2O_3O_4 <=1, incenters of right triangles outside a square
parmenides51   2
N 2 hours ago by Solilin
Source: Thailand Mathematical Olympiad 2012 p4
Let $ABCD$ be a unit square. Points $E, F, G, H$ are chosen outside $ABCD$ so that $\angle AEB =\angle BF C = \angle CGD = \angle DHA = 90^o$ . Let $O_1, O_2, O_3, O_4$, respectively, be the incenters of $\vartriangle ABE, \vartriangle BCF, \vartriangle CDG, \vartriangle DAH$. Show that the area of $O_1O_2O_3O_4$ is at most $1$.
2 replies
parmenides51
Aug 17, 2020
Solilin
2 hours ago
J
H
Geo metry
TUAN2k8   3
N 2 hours ago by TUAN2k8
Help me plss!
Given an acute triangle $ABC$. Points $D$ and $E$ lie on segments $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Lines $BD$ and $CE$ intersect at point $F$. The circumcircles of triangles $BDF$ and $CEF$ intersect at a second point $P$. The circumcircles of triangles $ABC$ and $ADE$ intersect at a second point $Q$. Point $K$ lies on segment $AP$ such that $KQ \perp AQ$. Prove that triangles $\triangle BKD$ and $\triangle CKE$ are similar.
3 replies
TUAN2k8
Yesterday at 10:33 AM
TUAN2k8
2 hours ago
J
H
Functional equation of nonzero reals
proglote   8
N 3 hours ago by jasperE3
Source: Brazil MO 2013, problem #3
Find all injective functions $f\colon \mathbb{R}^* \to \mathbb{R}^* $ from the non-zero reals to the non-zero reals, such that \[f(x+y) \left(f(x) + f(y)\right) = f(xy)\] for all non-zero reals $x, y$ such that $x+y \neq 0$.
8 replies
proglote
Oct 24, 2013
jasperE3
3 hours ago
J
H
J
H
Find all triangles
Rushil   6
N Nov 13, 2024 by Mr.Sharkman
Source: IMO 1968 A1
Find all triangles whose side lengths are consecutive integers, and one of whose angles is twice another.
6 replies
Rushil
Nov 4, 2005
Mr.Sharkman
Nov 13, 2024
J
Find all triangles
G H J
Reveal topic tags
trigonometry
algebra
Triangle
triangle inequality
IMO
IMO 1968
L
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: IMO 1968 A1
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Rushil
1592 posts
Rushil
#1 h  Nov 4, 2005, 6:58 AM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Find all triangles whose side lengths are consecutive integers, and one of whose angles is twice another.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
campos
411 posts
campos
#2 h  Nov 6, 2005, 3:22 AM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with such conditions, such that $A=2B$. It's very well-known (or it can be deduced from the cosine law and the double-angle formula, or i think it's somewhere in the forum) that $a^2-b^2=bc$
Then, we just have to check the cases $(a,b,c)=(a,a-1,a-2), (a,b,c)=(a,a-2,a-1)$, and $(a,b,c)=(a,a-1,a+1)$.

$(a,b,c)=(a,a-1,a-2)$ gives $a^2-5a+3=0$, but it has no integer roots.
$(a,b,c)=(a,a-1,a+1)$ gives $a^2-2a=0 \Rightarrow a=2 \Rightarrow a+b=3=c \Rightarrow\Leftarrow$
finally, $(a,b,c)=(a,a-2,a-1)$ gives $a^2-7a+6=0$ and since $a=1 \Rightarrow c=0$, then we must have that $a=6$.
then the triangle that satisfies such conditions is $(a,b,c)=(6,4,5)$ with $A=2B$
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
sayantanchakraborty
505 posts
sayantanchakraborty
#3 h  Dec 22, 2013, 4:15 AM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
If <A=2<B, some simple manipulating with the sine rule gives \[ /a^2=b(b+c) /\]. Assuming the lengths of the sides to be \[/ (a-1,a,a+1)/\] and considering all possible cases we get the solutions in (a,b,c) as
\[/(1,2,3) and (4,5,6)/\] and obviously all its permutations.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
sayantanchakraborty
505 posts
sayantanchakraborty
#4 h  Dec 22, 2013, 4:18 AM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Campos missed the solution \[(1,2,3)\].
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
sunken rock
4392 posts
sunken rock
#5 h  Dec 22, 2013, 5:12 AM • 2 Y
Y by Heisenberg09, Adventure10
sayantanchakraborty wrote:
Campos missed the solution \[(1,2,3)\].

That´s NOT a triangle, but a degenerated one!

Best regards,
sunken rock
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
suli
1498 posts
suli
#6 h  May 17, 2015, 4:40 AM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Well technically a degenerate triangle is a triangle. The problem should be worded more clearly, or both solutions should be accepted as correct.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Mr.Sharkman
500 posts
Mr.Sharkman
#8 h  Nov 13, 2024, 8:13 PM
Y by
Bruh AMC 2024 #22
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a