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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Inspired by old results
sqing   1
N 7 minutes ago by ytChen
Source: Own
Let $  a, b> 0,a + 2b= 1. $ Prove that
$$ \sqrt{a + b^2} +2 \sqrt{b+ a^2} +  |a - b| \geq 2$$Let $  a, b> 0,a + 2b= \frac{3}{4}. $ Prove that
$$ \sqrt{a + (b - \frac{1}{4})^2} +2 \sqrt{b + (a-  \frac{1}{4})^2} + \sqrt{ (a - b)^2+ \frac{1}{4}}  \geq 2$$
1 reply
sqing
May 20, 2025
ytChen
7 minutes ago
Inspired by RMO 2006
sqing   0
25 minutes ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0 $ and $ \frac { a}{b} +\frac {4b}{a}=5. $ Prove that $$ \frac {a^{2}+2}{a+2b} +  \frac {b^{2}+1}{a}  \geq \frac {7\sqrt 5}{6}  $$
0 replies
sqing
25 minutes ago
0 replies
D1036 : Composition of polynomials
Dattier   0
29 minutes ago
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Find all $A \in \mathbb Q[x]$ with $\exists Q \in \mathbb Q[x], Q(A(x))= x^{2025!+2}+x^2+x+1$ and $\deg(A)>1$.
0 replies
Dattier
29 minutes ago
0 replies
inequality
NTssu   4
N 29 minutes ago by Oksutok
Source: Peking University Mathematics Autumn Camp
For given real number $\theta_1, \theta_2, ......, \theta_l$, prove there exists positive integer $k$ and positive real number $a_1, a_2, ......, a_k$, such that $a_1+a_2+ ......+ a_k=1$, for any $n \leq k$, $m \in \{1,2,......,l\}$, $\left| \sum_{j=1}^n a_j sin(j \theta_m ) \right|< \frac{1}{2018n} $ holds.
4 replies
NTssu
Oct 11, 2019
Oksutok
29 minutes ago
Nice geometry
gggzul   0
32 minutes ago
Let $ABC$ be a acute triangle with $\angle BAC=60^{\circ}$. $H, O$ are the orthocenter and excenter. Let $D$ be a point on the same side of $OH$ as $A$, such that $HDO$ is equilateral. Let $P$ be a point on the same side of $BD$ as $A$, such that $BDP$ is equilateral. Let $Q$ be a point on the same side of $CD$ as $A$, such that $CDP$ is equilateral. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AD$. Prove that $P, M, Q$ are collinear.
0 replies
gggzul
32 minutes ago
0 replies
Inspired by 2025 KMO
sqing   3
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c,d  $ be real numbers satisfying $ a+b+c+d=0 $ and $ a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2= 6 .$ Prove that $$ -\frac{3}{4} \leq abcd\leq\frac{9}{4}$$Let $ a,b,c,d  $ be real numbers satisfying $ a+b+c+d=6 $ and $ a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2= 18 .$ Prove that $$ -\frac{9(2\sqrt{3}+3)}{4} \leq abcd\leq\frac{9(2\sqrt{3}-3)}{4}$$
3 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 2:39 PM
sqing
an hour ago
Reflections and midpoints in triangle
TUAN2k8   0
an hour ago
Source: Own
Given an triangle $ABC$ and a line $\ell$ in the plane.Let $A_1,B_1,C_1$ be reflections of $A,B,C$ across the line $\ell$, respectively.Let $D,E,F$ be the midpoints of $B_1C_1,C_1A_1,A_1B_1$, respectively.Let $A_2,B_2,C_2$ be the reflections of $A,B,C$ across $D,E,F$, respectively.Prove that the points $A_2,B_2,C_2$ lie on a line parallel to $\ell$.
0 replies
TUAN2k8
an hour ago
0 replies
a exhaustive question
shrayagarwal   19
N an hour ago by SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Source: number theory
If $ a$ and $ b$ are natural numbers such that $ a+13b$ is divisible by $ 11$ and $ a+11b$ is divisible by $ 13$, then find the least possible value of $ a+b$.
19 replies
shrayagarwal
Dec 4, 2006
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
an hour ago
GEOMETRY GEOMETRY GEOMETRY
Kagebaka   72
N an hour ago by AR17296174
Source: IMO 2021/3
Let $D$ be an interior point of the acute triangle $ABC$ with $AB > AC$ so that $\angle DAB = \angle CAD.$ The point $E$ on the segment $AC$ satisfies $\angle ADE =\angle BCD,$ the point $F$ on the segment $AB$ satisfies $\angle FDA =\angle DBC,$ and the point $X$ on the line $AC$ satisfies $CX = BX.$ Let $O_1$ and $O_2$ be the circumcenters of the triangles $ADC$ and $EXD,$ respectively. Prove that the lines $BC, EF,$ and $O_1O_2$ are concurrent.
72 replies
Kagebaka
Jul 20, 2021
AR17296174
an hour ago
Bosnia and Herzegovina JBMO TST 2015 Problem 4
gobathegreat   3
N an hour ago by FishkoBiH
Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina Junior Balkan Mathematical Olympiad TST 2015
Let $n$ be a positive integer and let $a_1$, $a_2$,..., $a_n$ be positive integers from set $\{1, 2,..., n\}$ such that every number from this set occurs exactly once. Is it possible that numbers $a_1$, $a_1 + a_2 ,..., a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n$ all have different remainders upon division by $n$, if:
$a)$ $n=7$
$b)$ $n=8$
3 replies
gobathegreat
Sep 16, 2018
FishkoBiH
an hour ago
interesting diophantiic fe in natural numbers
skellyrah   1
N an hour ago by skellyrah
Find all functions \( f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} \) such that for all \( m, n \in \mathbb{N} \),
\[
mn + f(n!) = f(f(n))! + n \cdot \gcd(f(m), m!).
\]
1 reply
skellyrah
Today at 8:01 AM
skellyrah
an hour ago
2017 CGMO P3
smy2012   6
N an hour ago by otato
Source: 2017 CGMO P3
Given $a_i\ge 0,x_i\in\mathbb{R},(i=1,2,\ldots,n)$. Prove that
$$((1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\cos x_i)^2+(1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\sin x_i)^2)^2\ge 4(1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i)^3$$
6 replies
smy2012
Aug 13, 2017
otato
an hour ago
Nice "if and only if" function problem
ICE_CNME_4   3
N an hour ago by ICE_CNME_4
Let $f : [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$, $f(x) = \dfrac{ax + b}{cx + d}$, with $a, d \in (0, \infty)$, $b, c \in [0, \infty)$. Prove that there exists $n \in \mathbb{N}^*$ such that for every $x \geq 0$
\[
f_n(x) = \frac{x}{1 + nx}, \quad \text{if and only if } f(x) = \frac{x}{1 + x}, \quad \forall x \geq 0.
\](For $n \in \mathbb{N}^*$ and $x \geq 0$, the notation $f_n(x)$ represents $\underbrace{(f \circ f \circ \dots \circ f)}_{n \text{ times}}(x)$. )

Please do it at 9th grade level. Thank you!
3 replies
ICE_CNME_4
Yesterday at 7:23 PM
ICE_CNME_4
an hour ago
IMO 2014 Problem 1
Amir Hossein   134
N 2 hours ago by Ihatecombin
Let $a_0 < a_1 < a_2 < \dots$ be an infinite sequence of positive integers. Prove that there exists a unique integer $n\geq 1$ such that
\[a_n < \frac{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}{n} \leq a_{n+1}.\]
Proposed by Gerhard Wöginger, Austria.
134 replies
Amir Hossein
Jul 8, 2014
Ihatecombin
2 hours ago
Parallel lines
wiseman   7
N Apr 24, 2022 by Mahdi_Mashayekhi
Source: Iranian 3rd round Geometry exam P3 - 2014
Distinct points $B,B',C,C'$ lie on an arbitrary line $\ell$. $A$ is a point not lying on $\ell$. A line passing through $B$ and parallel to $AB'$ intersects with $AC$ in $E$ and a line passing through $C$ and parallel to $AC'$ intersects with $AB$ in $F$. Let $X$ be the intersection point of the circumcircles of $\triangle{ABC}$ and $\triangle{AB'C'}$($A \neq X$). Prove that $EF \parallel AX$.
7 replies
wiseman
Sep 28, 2014
Mahdi_Mashayekhi
Apr 24, 2022
Parallel lines
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Iranian 3rd round Geometry exam P3 - 2014
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wiseman
216 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Distinct points $B,B',C,C'$ lie on an arbitrary line $\ell$. $A$ is a point not lying on $\ell$. A line passing through $B$ and parallel to $AB'$ intersects with $AC$ in $E$ and a line passing through $C$ and parallel to $AC'$ intersects with $AB$ in $F$. Let $X$ be the intersection point of the circumcircles of $\triangle{ABC}$ and $\triangle{AB'C'}$($A \neq X$). Prove that $EF \parallel AX$.
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Luis González
4149 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by wiseman, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $X_{\infty},$ $Y_{\infty},$ $Z_{\infty},$ $A_{\infty},$ $B_{\infty},$ $C_{\infty}$ denote the infinite points of $BE,$ $EF,$ $FC,$ $BC,$ $CA,$ $AB.$ Parallel from $A$ to $EF$ cuts $BC$ at $P.$ By Desargues involution theorem, the opposite sidelines of the complete quadrangle $BEFC$ form an involution on the line at infinity $\Longrightarrow$ $A(X_{\infty}, Y_{\infty},C_{\infty} ) \ \overline{\wedge} \ A(Z_{\infty}, A_{\infty}, B_{\infty})$ $\Longrightarrow$ $(B',P,B) \ \overline{\wedge} \ (C',A_{\infty},C)$ $\Longrightarrow$ $P$ is center of this involution $\Longrightarrow$ $PB \cdot PC=PB' \cdot PC'$ $\Longrightarrow$ $P$ is on radical axis $AX$ of $\odot(ABC)$ and $\odot(AB'C')$ $\Longrightarrow$ $EF \parallel AXP,$ as desired.
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Mathematicalx
537 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by wiseman, Adventure10
Let $D$ is intersection point of $|AX|$ and $|FC|$. Then we have $\angle{DB'A}=\angle{FBE}$ and we have
$DB'/FB=AB'/EB$ . So we have $AX||EF$.
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jred
290 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Mathematicalx wrote:
Let $D$ is intersection point of $|AX|$ and $|FC|$. Then we have $\angle{DB'A}=\angle{FBE}$ and we have
$DB'/FB=AB'/EB$ . So we have $AX||EF$.

Why $\angle{DB'A}=\angle{FBE}$, would you give more details?
BTW, is there any non-projective solution?
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liekkas
370 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
jred wrote:
Mathematicalx wrote:
Let $D$ is intersection point of $|AX|$ and $|FC|$. Then we have $\angle{DB'A}=\angle{FBE}$ and we have
$DB'/FB=AB'/EB$ . So we have $AX||EF$.

Why $\angle{DB'A}=\angle{FBE}$, would you give more details?
BTW, is there any non-projective solution?

Note that B'XCD is concyclic
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MathDelicacy12
33 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
wiseman wrote:
Distinct points $B,B',C,C'$ lie on an arbitrary line $\ell$. $A$ is a point not lying on $\ell$. A line passing through $B$ and parallel to $AB'$ intersects with $AC$ in $E$ and a line passing through $C$ and parallel to $AC'$ intersects with $AB$ in $F$. Let $X$ be the intersection point of the circumcircles of $\triangle{ABC}$ and $\triangle{AB'C'}$($A \neq X$). Prove that $EF \parallel AX$.

Claim : $\frac{XC}{XC’} = \frac{BA}{B’A} \cdot \frac{B’C}{BC’}$

Proof : By Ceva’s theorem, $$\frac{\sin XAB’}{\sin B’CX} = \frac{\sin AXB’}{\sin B’XC} \cdot \frac{\sin B’AC}{\sin B’CA}$$By noting that $ \measuredangle{XAB’} = \measuredangle{XCC’}$, $\measuredangle{B’XC} = 180 - \measuredangle{BAC’}$, $\measuredangle{AXB’} = \measuredangle{B’CA}$ and by using sine rule, we get the desired result. $\square$


So, as $EB \parallel AB’$ and $FC \parallel AC’$, $$\frac{XC}{XC’} = \frac{BA \cdot BC}{BC’} \cdot \frac{B’A \cdot BC}{B’C} = \frac{BF}{BE}$$So, combing this with $\measuredangle{CXC’} = \measuredangle{FBE}$, we get $\triangle CXC’ \sim \triangle FBE$. So, $\measuredangle{BEF} = \measuredangle{B’AX}$ which implies $EF \parallel AX$. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 4 times. Last edited by MathDelicacy12, Aug 20, 2019, 2:33 PM
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TheMathematics
27 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Mango247, Mango247
Let $O_1$ , $O_2$ are the center of circles $\odot ABC$ , $\odot AB'C'$ and $K = AB \cap \odot AB'C'$ , $J = EA \cap \odot AB'C'$
Cause $AX \bot O_1O_2$ so we need to prove it $EF \bot O_1O_2$
with The Perpendicularity Lemma : $EF \bot O_1O_2 \leftrightarrow EO_1^2 - EO_2^2 = FO_1^2 - FO_2^2 \leftrightarrow {P_{O_1}^{E}}^2 -  {P_{O_2}^{E}}^2 = {P_{O_1}^{F}}^2 -  {P_{O_2}^{F}}^2 $
if $F$ in the $\odot AB'C$ we have: $EA.EC-EA.EJ=FA.FB-FA.FK \leftrightarrow EA(EC-EJ) = FA(FB-FK) \leftrightarrow EA(CJ) = FA(BK) $
if $F$ out the $\odot AB'C$ we have: $EA.EC-EA.EJ=FA.FB+FA.FK \leftrightarrow EA(EC-EJ) = FA(FB+FK) \leftrightarrow EA(CJ) = FA(BK) $
So we just need to prove it $EA.CJ = FA.BK$
with Thales's theorem we have $CJ=\frac{B'C.CC'}{AC}$ and $FA=\frac{CC'.AB}{C'B}$
then $EA.CJ = \frac{EA}{AC}.B'C.CC'= \frac{BB'}{B'C}.B'C.CC' = BB'.CC'$
and then $ FA.BK = \frac{CC'}{C'B}.AB.BK = \frac{CC'}{C'B}.BB'.C'B= BB'.CC'$
So $EA.CJ= FA.BK$ .
$Q.E.D$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by TheMathematics, Apr 24, 2022, 2:46 PM
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Mahdi_Mashayekhi
696 posts
#8
Y by
Let $AX$ meet $CF$ at $S$. $\angle CSX = \angle C'AX = \angle CB'X \implies CSB'X$ is cyclic. Now we have $\frac{CA}{CE} = \frac{CB'}{CB}$ so we need to prove $FB || SB'$. $\angle CBF = \angle CBA = \angle CXA = \angle CXS = \angle CB'S \implies FB || SB'$.
we're Done.
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