Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 24"
MRENTHUSIASM (talk | contribs) m (→Solution 7: Barycentrics) |
MRENTHUSIASM (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
The area of quadrilateral <math>FDBG</math> is the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABG</math> minus the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ADF</math>. Notice, <math>\overline{DE} || \overline{BC}</math>, so <math>\bigtriangleup ABG \sim \bigtriangleup ADF</math>, and since <math>\overline{AD}:\overline{AB}=1:2</math>, the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ADF:\bigtriangleup ABG=(1:2)^2=1:4</math>. Given that the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABC</math> is <math>120</math>, using <math>\frac{bh}{2}</math> on side <math>AB</math> yields <math>\frac{50h}{2}=120\implies h=\frac{240}{50}=\frac{24}{5}</math>. Using the Angle Bisector Theorem, <math>\overline{BG}:\overline{BC}=50:(10+50)=5:6</math>, so the height of <math>\bigtriangleup ABG: \bigtriangleup ACB=5:6</math>. Therefore our answer is <math>\big[ FDBG\big] = \big[ABG\big]-\big[ ADF\big] = \big[ ABG\big]\big(1-\frac{1}{4}\big)=\frac{3}{4}\cdot \frac{bh}{2}=\frac{3}{8}\cdot 50\cdot \frac{5}{6}\cdot \frac{24}{5}=\frac{3}{8}\cdot 200=\boxed{75}</math> | The area of quadrilateral <math>FDBG</math> is the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABG</math> minus the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ADF</math>. Notice, <math>\overline{DE} || \overline{BC}</math>, so <math>\bigtriangleup ABG \sim \bigtriangleup ADF</math>, and since <math>\overline{AD}:\overline{AB}=1:2</math>, the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ADF:\bigtriangleup ABG=(1:2)^2=1:4</math>. Given that the area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABC</math> is <math>120</math>, using <math>\frac{bh}{2}</math> on side <math>AB</math> yields <math>\frac{50h}{2}=120\implies h=\frac{240}{50}=\frac{24}{5}</math>. Using the Angle Bisector Theorem, <math>\overline{BG}:\overline{BC}=50:(10+50)=5:6</math>, so the height of <math>\bigtriangleup ABG: \bigtriangleup ACB=5:6</math>. Therefore our answer is <math>\big[ FDBG\big] = \big[ABG\big]-\big[ ADF\big] = \big[ ABG\big]\big(1-\frac{1}{4}\big)=\frac{3}{4}\cdot \frac{bh}{2}=\frac{3}{8}\cdot 50\cdot \frac{5}{6}\cdot \frac{24}{5}=\frac{3}{8}\cdot 200=\boxed{75}</math> | ||
− | ==Solution 5 | + | ==Solution 5 (Trigonometry) == |
We try to find the area of quadrilateral <math>FDBG</math> by subtracting the area outside the quadrilateral but inside triangle <math>ABC</math>. Note that the area of <math>\triangle ADE</math> is equal to <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 25 \cdot 5 \cdot \sin{A}</math> and the area of triangle <math>ABC</math> is equal to <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 50 \cdot 10 \cdot \sin A</math>. The ratio <math>\frac{[ADE]}{[ABC]}</math> is thus equal to <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> and the area of triangle <math>ADE</math> is <math>\frac{1}{4} \cdot 120 = 30</math>. Let side <math>BC</math> be equal to <math>6x</math>, then <math>BG = 5x, GC = x</math> by the angle bisector theorem. Similarly, we find the area of triangle <math>AGC</math> to be <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 10 \cdot x \cdot \sin C</math> and the area of triangle <math>ABC</math> to be <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 6x \cdot 10 \cdot \sin C</math>. A ratio between these two triangles yields <math>\frac{[ACG]}{[ABC]} = \frac{x}{6x} = \frac{1}{6}</math>, so <math>[AGC] = 20</math>. Now we just need to find the area of triangle <math>AFE</math> and subtract it from the combined areas of <math>[ADE]</math> and <math>[ACG]</math>, since we count it twice. Note that the angle bisector theorem also applies for <math>\triangle ADE</math> and <math>\frac{AE}{AD} = \frac{1}{5}</math>, so thus <math>\frac{EF}{ED} = \frac{1}{6}</math> and we find <math>[AFE] = \frac{1}{6} \cdot 30 = 5</math>, and the area outside <math>FDBG</math> must be <math> [ADE] + [AGC] - [AFE] = 30 + 20 - 5 = 45</math>, and we finally find <math>[FDBG] = [ABC] - 45 = 120 -45 = \boxed{75}</math>, and we are done. | We try to find the area of quadrilateral <math>FDBG</math> by subtracting the area outside the quadrilateral but inside triangle <math>ABC</math>. Note that the area of <math>\triangle ADE</math> is equal to <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 25 \cdot 5 \cdot \sin{A}</math> and the area of triangle <math>ABC</math> is equal to <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 50 \cdot 10 \cdot \sin A</math>. The ratio <math>\frac{[ADE]}{[ABC]}</math> is thus equal to <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> and the area of triangle <math>ADE</math> is <math>\frac{1}{4} \cdot 120 = 30</math>. Let side <math>BC</math> be equal to <math>6x</math>, then <math>BG = 5x, GC = x</math> by the angle bisector theorem. Similarly, we find the area of triangle <math>AGC</math> to be <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 10 \cdot x \cdot \sin C</math> and the area of triangle <math>ABC</math> to be <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot 6x \cdot 10 \cdot \sin C</math>. A ratio between these two triangles yields <math>\frac{[ACG]}{[ABC]} = \frac{x}{6x} = \frac{1}{6}</math>, so <math>[AGC] = 20</math>. Now we just need to find the area of triangle <math>AFE</math> and subtract it from the combined areas of <math>[ADE]</math> and <math>[ACG]</math>, since we count it twice. Note that the angle bisector theorem also applies for <math>\triangle ADE</math> and <math>\frac{AE}{AD} = \frac{1}{5}</math>, so thus <math>\frac{EF}{ED} = \frac{1}{6}</math> and we find <math>[AFE] = \frac{1}{6} \cdot 30 = 5</math>, and the area outside <math>FDBG</math> must be <math> [ADE] + [AGC] - [AFE] = 30 + 20 - 5 = 45</math>, and we finally find <math>[FDBG] = [ABC] - 45 = 120 -45 = \boxed{75}</math>, and we are done. | ||
− | ==Solution 6 | + | ==Solution 6 (Areas) == |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
draw((0,0)--(1,3)--(5,0)--cycle); | draw((0,0)--(1,3)--(5,0)--cycle); | ||
Line 80: | Line 80: | ||
Additionally, since all points on <math>\overline{AG}</math> are characterized by <math>(t:1:5)</math>, we may plug in for <math>x,y,z</math> to get <math>t=6</math>. Thus, we have <math>F=(6:1:5).</math> Now, we homogenize the coordinates for <math>F D, B, G</math> to get <math>F=(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{5}{12}, \frac{1}{12})</math>, <math>D=(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}, 0)</math>, <math>B=(0,1,0)</math>, <math>G=(0, \frac{1}{6}, \frac{5}{6})</math> | Additionally, since all points on <math>\overline{AG}</math> are characterized by <math>(t:1:5)</math>, we may plug in for <math>x,y,z</math> to get <math>t=6</math>. Thus, we have <math>F=(6:1:5).</math> Now, we homogenize the coordinates for <math>F D, B, G</math> to get <math>F=(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{5}{12}, \frac{1}{12})</math>, <math>D=(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}, 0)</math>, <math>B=(0,1,0)</math>, <math>G=(0, \frac{1}{6}, \frac{5}{6})</math> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Splitting <math>[FBGD]</math> into <math>[ DBG ] + [ FDG],</math> we may now evaluate the two determinants: | Splitting <math>[FBGD]</math> into <math>[ DBG ] + [ FDG],</math> we may now evaluate the two determinants: |
Revision as of 09:59, 17 June 2023
- The following problem is from both the 2018 AMC 10A #24 and 2018 AMC 12A #18, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
[hide]Problem
Triangle with and has area . Let be the midpoint of , and let be the midpoint of . The angle bisector of intersects and at and , respectively. What is the area of quadrilateral ?
Solution 1
Let , , , and the length of the perpendicular to through be . By angle bisector theorem, we have that where . Therefore substituting we have that . By similar triangles, we have that , and the height of this trapezoid is . Then, we have that . We wish to compute , and we have that it is by substituting.
Solution 2
For this problem, we have because of SAS and . Therefore, is a quarter of the area of , which is . Subsequently, we can compute the area of quadrilateral to be . Using the angle bisector theorem in the same fashion as the previous problem, we get that is times the length of . We want the larger piece, as described by the problem. Because the heights are identical, one area is times the other, and .
Solution 3
The ratio of the to is by the Angle Bisector Theorem, so area of to the area of is also (They have the same height). Therefore, the area of is . Since is the midsegment of , so is the midsegment of . Thus, the ratio of the area of to the area of is , so the area of is . Therefore, the area of quadrilateral is
Solution 4
The area of quadrilateral is the area of minus the area of . Notice, , so , and since , the area of . Given that the area of is , using on side yields . Using the Angle Bisector Theorem, , so the height of . Therefore our answer is
Solution 5 (Trigonometry)
We try to find the area of quadrilateral by subtracting the area outside the quadrilateral but inside triangle . Note that the area of is equal to and the area of triangle is equal to . The ratio is thus equal to and the area of triangle is . Let side be equal to , then by the angle bisector theorem. Similarly, we find the area of triangle to be and the area of triangle to be . A ratio between these two triangles yields , so . Now we just need to find the area of triangle and subtract it from the combined areas of and , since we count it twice. Note that the angle bisector theorem also applies for and , so thus and we find , and the area outside must be , and we finally find , and we are done.
Solution 6 (Areas)
Give triangle area X. Then, by similarity, since , has area 4X. Thus, has area 3X. Doing the same for triangle , we get that triangle has area Y and quadrilateral has area 3Y. Since has the same height as , the ratios of the areas is equal to the ratios of the bases. Because of the Angle Bisector Theorem, . So, . Since has area X, we can write the equation 5X = Y and substitute 5X for Y. Now we can solve for X by adding up all the sums. X + 3X + 5X + 15X = 120, so X = 5. Since we want to find , we substitute 5 for 15X to get . krishkhushi09
Solution 7 (Barycentrics)
Let our reference triangle be . Consequently, we have , , Since is the midpoint of , we have that . Similarly, we have Hence, the line through and is given by the equation
Additionally, since all points on are characterized by , we may plug in for to get . Thus, we have Now, we homogenize the coordinates for to get , , ,
Splitting into we may now evaluate the two determinants:
After simplification, we get and , respectively. Summing, we get Hence, Math0323
Video Solution by Richard Rusczyk
https://artofproblemsolving.com/videos/amc/2018amc10a/469
~ dolphin7
Video Solution by OmegaLearn
https://youtu.be/4_x1sgcQCp4?t=4898
~ pi_is_3.14
See Also
2018 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 23 |
Followed by Problem 25 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2018 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 17 |
Followed by Problem 19 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.