Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 4"

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{{duplicate|[[2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 4|2018 AMC 10A #4]] and [[2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 3|2018 AMC 12A #3]]}}
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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
  
How many ways can a student schedule 3 mathematics courses -- algebra, geometry, and number theory -- in a 6-period day if no two mathematics courses can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during the other 3 periods is of no concern here.)
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How many ways can a student schedule <math>3</math> mathematics courses -- algebra, geometry, and number theory -- in a <math>6</math>-period day if no two mathematics courses can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during the other <math>3</math> periods is of no concern here.)
  
 
<math>\textbf{(A) }3\qquad\textbf{(B) }6\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }18\qquad\textbf{(E) }24</math>
 
<math>\textbf{(A) }3\qquad\textbf{(B) }6\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }18\qquad\textbf{(E) }24</math>
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==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
  
We must place the classes into the periods such that no two balls are in the same period or in consecutive period.
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We must place the classes into the periods such that no two classes are in the same period or in consecutive periods.
  
Ignoring distinguishability, we can thus list out the ways that three periods can be chosen for the classes, when periods cannot be consecutive:
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Ignoring distinguishability, we can thus list out the ways that three periods can be chosen for the classes when periods cannot be consecutive:
  
 
Periods <math>1, 3, 5</math>
 
Periods <math>1, 3, 5</math>
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There are <math>4</math> ways to place <math>3</math> nondistinguishable classes into <math>6</math> periods such that no two classes are in consecutive periods. For each of these ways, there are <math>3! = 6</math> orderings of the classes among themselves.
 
There are <math>4</math> ways to place <math>3</math> nondistinguishable classes into <math>6</math> periods such that no two classes are in consecutive periods. For each of these ways, there are <math>3! = 6</math> orderings of the classes among themselves.
  
Therefore, there are <math>4 \cdot 6 = \boxed{\mathrm{(E) \ } 24}</math> ways to choose the classes.
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Therefore, there are <math>4 \cdot 6 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}</math> ways to choose the classes.
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-Versailles15625
  
 
==Solution 2==
 
==Solution 2==
First draw 6 <math>X</math>'s representing the 6 periods.
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Counting what we don't want is another slick way to solve this problem. Use PIE (Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion) to count two cases: 1. Two classes consecutive, 2. Three classes consecutive.
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Case 1: Consider two consecutive periods as a "block" of which there are 5 places to put in(1,2; 2,3; 3,4; 4,5; 5,6). Then we simply need to place two classes within the block, <math>3 \cdot 2 </math>. Finally we have 4 periods remaining to place the final math class. Thus there are <math>5 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 4</math> ways to place two consecutive math classes with disregard to the third.  
  
<math>XXXXXX</math>
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Case 2: Now consider three consecutive periods as a "block" of which there are now 4 places to put in(1,2,3; 2,3,4; 3,4,5; 4,5,6). We now need to arrange the math classes in the block, <math>3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1</math>. Thus there are <math>4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1</math> ways to place all three consecutive math classes.
  
Let the <math>O</math>'s represent the classes that occupy each period.
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By PIE we subtract Case 1 by Case 2 in order to not overcount:  <math>120-24</math>. Then we subtract that answer from the total ways to place the classes with no restrictions: <math>(6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4) - 96= \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}</math>
  
<math>XOXOXO</math>
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-LitJamal
  
There are 6 ways to place the first class.
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==Solution 3==
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We can tackle this problem with a stars-and-bars-ish approach. First, letting math class be 1 and non-math-class be 0, place 0s in between 3 1s:
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<cmath>10101</cmath>
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Now we need to place 1 additional 0. There are 4 places to put it: <cmath>\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}1\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}01\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}01\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}</cmath> It can be placed in any 1 of the underscores.
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Since there are <math>3!=6</math> ways to order the math classes, the answer is <math>6\cdot 4=\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}</math>.
  
There are 4 ways to place the second class.
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~[https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/User:Firebolt360 firebolt360]
  
There is 2 way to place the third class.
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==Solution 4==
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Let <math>M</math> represent a math class and <math>N</math> represent a non-math class. We have _N_N_N_, where the spaces represent the possible spots the <math>M’s</math> could go in. There are <math>4\choose 3</math> ways to choose the spots for the math classes and <math>3!=6</math> ways to order the classes. Hence, the answer is <math>4 \cdot 6 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}</math>.
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~azc1027
  
But you over counted, so divide by 2.
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==Video Solution (CREATIVE THINKING!)==
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https://youtu.be/GHCecqsF8es
  
We multiply <math>6 \cdot 4 \cdot 1= \boxed{(E)  24}</math>
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Education, the Study of Everything
  
—Baolan
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==Video Solution==
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https://youtu.be/vO-ELYmgRI8
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~IceMatrix
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==Video Solution==
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https://youtu.be/kBOCP8p8-o8
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~savannahsolver
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
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{{AMC12 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=2|num-a=4}}
 
{{AMC12 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=2|num-a=4}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
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[[Category:Introductory Combinatorics Problems]]

Revision as of 14:57, 2 January 2024

The following problem is from both the 2018 AMC 10A #4 and 2018 AMC 12A #3, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

How many ways can a student schedule $3$ mathematics courses -- algebra, geometry, and number theory -- in a $6$-period day if no two mathematics courses can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during the other $3$ periods is of no concern here.)

$\textbf{(A) }3\qquad\textbf{(B) }6\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }18\qquad\textbf{(E) }24$

Solution 1

We must place the classes into the periods such that no two classes are in the same period or in consecutive periods.

Ignoring distinguishability, we can thus list out the ways that three periods can be chosen for the classes when periods cannot be consecutive:

Periods $1, 3, 5$

Periods $1, 3, 6$

Periods $1, 4, 6$

Periods $2, 4, 6$

There are $4$ ways to place $3$ nondistinguishable classes into $6$ periods such that no two classes are in consecutive periods. For each of these ways, there are $3! = 6$ orderings of the classes among themselves.

Therefore, there are $4 \cdot 6 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}$ ways to choose the classes.

-Versailles15625

Solution 2

Counting what we don't want is another slick way to solve this problem. Use PIE (Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion) to count two cases: 1. Two classes consecutive, 2. Three classes consecutive.

Case 1: Consider two consecutive periods as a "block" of which there are 5 places to put in(1,2; 2,3; 3,4; 4,5; 5,6). Then we simply need to place two classes within the block, $3 \cdot 2$. Finally we have 4 periods remaining to place the final math class. Thus there are $5 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 4$ ways to place two consecutive math classes with disregard to the third.

Case 2: Now consider three consecutive periods as a "block" of which there are now 4 places to put in(1,2,3; 2,3,4; 3,4,5; 4,5,6). We now need to arrange the math classes in the block, $3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1$. Thus there are $4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1$ ways to place all three consecutive math classes.

By PIE we subtract Case 1 by Case 2 in order to not overcount: $120-24$. Then we subtract that answer from the total ways to place the classes with no restrictions: $(6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4) - 96= \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}$

-LitJamal

Solution 3

We can tackle this problem with a stars-and-bars-ish approach. First, letting math class be 1 and non-math-class be 0, place 0s in between 3 1s: \[10101\] Now we need to place 1 additional 0. There are 4 places to put it: \[\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}1\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}01\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}01\underline{\hspace{0.3cm}}\] It can be placed in any 1 of the underscores. Since there are $3!=6$ ways to order the math classes, the answer is $6\cdot 4=\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}$.

~firebolt360

Solution 4

Let $M$ represent a math class and $N$ represent a non-math class. We have _N_N_N_, where the spaces represent the possible spots the $M’s$ could go in. There are $4\choose 3$ ways to choose the spots for the math classes and $3!=6$ ways to order the classes. Hence, the answer is $4 \cdot 6 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}$. ~azc1027

Video Solution (CREATIVE THINKING!)

https://youtu.be/GHCecqsF8es

Education, the Study of Everything

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/vO-ELYmgRI8

~IceMatrix

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/kBOCP8p8-o8

~savannahsolver

See Also

2018 AMC 10A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 3
Followed by
Problem 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions
2018 AMC 12A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 2
Followed by
Problem 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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