Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 12"
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+ | {{duplicate|[[2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 12|2018 AMC 10A #12]] and [[2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 10|2018 AMC 12A #10]]}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem == | ||
How many ordered pairs of real numbers <math>(x,y)</math> satisfy the following system of equations? | How many ordered pairs of real numbers <math>(x,y)</math> satisfy the following system of equations? | ||
− | \begin{align*}x+3y&=3\\ \big||x|-|y|\big|&=1\end{align*} | + | <cmath>\begin{align*} |
+ | x+3y&=3 \\ | ||
+ | \big||x|-|y|\big|&=1 | ||
+ | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
<math>\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad | <math>\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad | ||
\textbf{(B) } 2 \qquad | \textbf{(B) } 2 \qquad | ||
Line 7: | Line 13: | ||
\textbf{(E) } 8 </math> | \textbf{(E) } 8 </math> | ||
− | == | + | == Solution 1 == |
+ | We can solve this by graphing the equations. The second equation looks challenging to graph, but start by graphing it in the first quadrant only (which is easy since the inner absolute value signs can be ignored), then simply reflect that graph into the other quadrants. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The graph looks something like this: | ||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | draw((-3,0)--(3,0), Arrows); | ||
+ | draw((0,-3)--(0,3), Arrows); | ||
+ | draw((2,3)--(0,1)--(-2,3), blue); | ||
+ | draw((-3,2)--(-1,0)--(-3,-2), blue); | ||
+ | draw((-2,-3)--(0,-1)--(2,-3), blue); | ||
+ | draw((3,-2)--(1,0)--(3,2), blue); | ||
+ | draw((-3,2)--(3,0), red); | ||
+ | dot((-3,2)); | ||
+ | dot((3/2,1/2)); | ||
+ | dot((0,1)); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | Now, it becomes clear that there are <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> intersection points. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 2 == | ||
+ | <math>x+3y=3</math> can be rewritten to <math>x=3-3y</math>. Substituting <math>3-3y</math> for <math>x</math> in the second equation will give <math>||3-3y|-y|=1</math>. Splitting this question into casework for the ranges of <math>y</math> will give us the total number of solutions. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\textbf{Case 1:}</math> <math>y>1</math>: | ||
+ | <math>3-3y</math> will be negative so <math>|3-3y| = 3y-3.</math> | ||
+ | <math>|3y-3-y| = |2y-3| = 1</math> | ||
+ | Subcase 1: <math>y>\frac{3}{2}</math> | ||
+ | <math>2y-3</math> is positive so <math>2y-3 = 1</math> and <math>y = 2</math> and <math>x = 3-3(2) = -3</math> | ||
+ | Subcase 2: <math>1<y<\frac{3}{2}</math> | ||
+ | <math>2y-3</math> is negative so <math>|2y-3| = 3-2y = 1</math>. <math>2y = 2</math> and so there are no solutions (<math>y</math> can't equal to <math>1</math>) | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\textbf{Case 2:}</math> <math>y = 1</math>: | ||
+ | It is fairly clear that <math>x = 0.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\textbf{Case 3:}</math> <math>y<1</math>: | ||
+ | <math>3-3y</math> will be positive so <math>|3-3y-y| = |3-4y| = 1</math> | ||
+ | Subcase 1: <math>y>\frac{3}{4}</math> | ||
+ | <math>3-4y</math> will be negative so <math>4y-3 = 1</math> <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>4y = 4</math>. We already have this solution from Case 2 as <math>y = 1</math>. | ||
+ | Subcase 2: <math>y<\frac{3}{4}</math> | ||
+ | <math>3-4y</math> will be positive so <math>3-4y = 1</math> <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>4y = 2</math>. <math>y = \frac{1}{2}</math> and <math>x = \frac{3}{2}</math>. | ||
+ | Thus, the solutions are: <math>(-3,2), (0,1), \left(\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2} \right)</math>, and the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 3 (Straightforward Casework) == | ||
+ | Note that <math>||x| - |y||</math> can take on one of four values where <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> are: <math>x + y</math> (positive, positive), <math>x - y</math> (positive, negative), <math>-x + y</math> (negative, positive), <math>-x -y</math> (negative, negative). So we have 4 cases which we solve by cancellation with the two equations from the problem: | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 1: ||x| - |y|| = x+y ''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x+y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subtracting: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>2y=2 \Rightarrow y=1</math> and <math>x=0</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (0,1)</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 2: ||x| - |y|| = x-y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x-y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subtacting: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>4y=2 \Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}</math> an <math>x=\dfrac{3}{2}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } \left(\dfrac{3}{2},\dfrac{1}{2}\right)</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 3: ||x| - |y|| = -x+y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>-x+y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adding: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>4y=4 \Rightarrow y=1</math> and <math>x=0</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (0,1)</math>. Since this is the same solution as we got in Case 1, we can not count this (otherwise, we would have overcounted). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 4: ||x| - |y|| = -x-y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>-x-y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | Adding: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>2y=4 \Rightarrow y=2</math> and <math>x=-3</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (-3,2)</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Answer''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | We solved each case by elimination (either adding the two equations or subtracting), to obtain three solutions: <math>(0, 1)</math>, <math>(-3,2)</math>, <math>\left(\dfrac{3}{2}, \dfrac{1}{2}\right)</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Contributors''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~trumpeter | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ccx09 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~mXxHalo711 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~BakedPotato66 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~<B+ | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 4 == | ||
+ | Just as in solution <math>2</math>, we derive the equation <math>||3-3y|-|y||=1</math>. If we remove the absolute values, the equation collapses into four different possible values. <math>3-2y</math>, <math>3-4y</math>, <math>2y-3</math>, and <math>4y-3</math>, each equal to either <math>1</math> or <math>-1</math>. Remember that if <math>P-Q=a</math>, then <math>Q-P=-a</math>. Because we have already taken <math>1</math> and <math>-1</math> into account, we can eliminate one of the conjugates of each pair, namely <math>3-2y</math> and <math>2y-3</math>, and <math>3-4y</math> and <math>4y-3</math>. Find the values of <math>y</math> when <math>3-2y=1</math>, <math>3-2y=-1</math>, <math>3-4y=1</math> and <math>3-4y=-1</math>. We see that <math>3-2y=1</math> and <math>3-4y=-1</math> give us the same value for <math>y</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~Zeric Hang | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 5 == | ||
+ | Just as in solution <math>2</math>, we derive the equation <math>x=3-3y</math>. Squaring both sides in the second equation gives <math>x^2+y^2-2|xy|=1</math>. Putting <math>x=3-3y</math> and doing a little calculation gives <math>10y^2-18y+9-2|3y-3y^2|=1</math>. From here we know that <math>3y-3y^2</math> is either positive or negative. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When positive, we get <math>2y^2-3y+1=0</math> and then, <math>y=1/2</math> or <math>y=1</math>. | ||
+ | When negative, we get <math>y^2-3y+2=0</math> and then, <math>y=2</math> or <math>y=1</math>. Clearly, there are <math>3</math> different pairs of values and that gives us <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~OlutosinNGA | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 6 (Desperate) == | ||
+ | Since the absolute value is the square root of the square, we get that the first equation is quartic(degree <math>4</math>) and the other is linear. Subtract to get <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~integralarefun | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | This doesn't work ~ hurdler | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | For a more clear explanation of why it doesn't work: | ||
+ | |||
+ | It doesn't work because the linear function doesn't need to pass through 3 points, it could pass through 0–4 points depending on their slopes, intercepts, etc. For example, a quadratic formula could have 0, 1, or 2 solutions, meaning it could have 0, 1, or 2 points of intersection. This is why the solution would not work. Good try though. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ Continuous_Pi | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Video Solution == | ||
+ | https://youtu.be/o63EtwelFp0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~savannahsolver | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==See Also== | ||
{{AMC10 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=11|num-a=13}} | {{AMC10 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=11|num-a=13}} | ||
+ | {{AMC12 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=9|num-a=11}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Introductory Algebra Problems]] |
Latest revision as of 11:29, 18 August 2024
- The following problem is from both the 2018 AMC 10A #12 and 2018 AMC 12A #10, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
How many ordered pairs of real numbers satisfy the following system of equations?
Solution 1
We can solve this by graphing the equations. The second equation looks challenging to graph, but start by graphing it in the first quadrant only (which is easy since the inner absolute value signs can be ignored), then simply reflect that graph into the other quadrants.
The graph looks something like this:
Now, it becomes clear that there are
intersection points.
Solution 2
can be rewritten to
. Substituting
for
in the second equation will give
. Splitting this question into casework for the ranges of
will give us the total number of solutions.
:
will be negative so
Subcase 1:![]()
is positive so
and
and
Subcase 2:![]()
is negative so
.
and so there are no solutions (
can't equal to
)
:
It is fairly clear that
:
will be positive so
Subcase 1:![]()
will be negative so
. We already have this solution from Case 2 as
.
Subcase 2:![]()
will be positive so
.
and
.
Thus, the solutions are:
, and the answer is
.
Solution 3 (Straightforward Casework)
Note that can take on one of four values where
and
are:
(positive, positive),
(positive, negative),
(negative, positive),
(negative, negative). So we have 4 cases which we solve by cancellation with the two equations from the problem:
Case 1: ||x| - |y|| = x+y
Subtracting:
and
.
Case 2: ||x| - |y|| = x-y
Subtacting:
an
.
Case 3: ||x| - |y|| = -x+y
Adding:
and
.
. Since this is the same solution as we got in Case 1, we can not count this (otherwise, we would have overcounted).
Case 4: ||x| - |y|| = -x-y
Adding:
and
.
.
Answer
We solved each case by elimination (either adding the two equations or subtracting), to obtain three solutions: ,
,
.
Our answer is .
Contributors
~trumpeter
~ccx09
~mXxHalo711
~BakedPotato66
~<B+
Solution 4
Just as in solution , we derive the equation
. If we remove the absolute values, the equation collapses into four different possible values.
,
,
, and
, each equal to either
or
. Remember that if
, then
. Because we have already taken
and
into account, we can eliminate one of the conjugates of each pair, namely
and
, and
and
. Find the values of
when
,
,
and
. We see that
and
give us the same value for
, so the answer is
~Zeric Hang
Solution 5
Just as in solution , we derive the equation
. Squaring both sides in the second equation gives
. Putting
and doing a little calculation gives
. From here we know that
is either positive or negative.
When positive, we get and then,
or
.
When negative, we get
and then,
or
. Clearly, there are
different pairs of values and that gives us
~OlutosinNGA
Solution 6 (Desperate)
Since the absolute value is the square root of the square, we get that the first equation is quartic(degree ) and the other is linear. Subtract to get
.
~integralarefun
This doesn't work ~ hurdler
For a more clear explanation of why it doesn't work:
It doesn't work because the linear function doesn't need to pass through 3 points, it could pass through 0–4 points depending on their slopes, intercepts, etc. For example, a quadratic formula could have 0, 1, or 2 solutions, meaning it could have 0, 1, or 2 points of intersection. This is why the solution would not work. Good try though.
~ Continuous_Pi
Video Solution
~savannahsolver
See Also
2018 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2018 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 9 |
Followed by Problem 11 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.