Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 12"
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+ | {{duplicate|[[2018 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 12|2018 AMC 10A #12]] and [[2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 10|2018 AMC 12A #10]]}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem == | ||
How many ordered pairs of real numbers <math>(x,y)</math> satisfy the following system of equations? | How many ordered pairs of real numbers <math>(x,y)</math> satisfy the following system of equations? | ||
− | <cmath>x+3y=3 | + | <cmath>\begin{align*} |
− | + | x+3y&=3 \\ | |
+ | \big||x|-|y|\big|&=1 | ||
+ | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
<math>\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad | <math>\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad | ||
\textbf{(B) } 2 \qquad | \textbf{(B) } 2 \qquad | ||
Line 8: | Line 13: | ||
\textbf{(E) } 8 </math> | \textbf{(E) } 8 </math> | ||
− | + | == Solution 1 == | |
− | + | We can solve this by graphing the equations. The second equation looks challenging to graph, but start by graphing it in the first quadrant only (which is easy since the inner absolute value signs can be ignored), then simply reflect that graph into the other quadrants. | |
+ | |||
The graph looks something like this: | The graph looks something like this: | ||
<asy> | <asy> | ||
Line 23: | Line 29: | ||
dot((0,1)); | dot((0,1)); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
− | Now, it becomes clear that there are <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> intersection points. | + | Now, it becomes clear that there are <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> intersection points. |
− | + | == Solution 2 == | |
− | <math>x+3y=3</math> can be rewritten to <math>x=3-3y</math>. Substituting <math>3-3y</math> for <math>x</math> in the second equation will give <math>||3-3y|-y|=1</math>. Splitting this question into casework for the ranges of y will give us the total number of solutions. | + | <math>x+3y=3</math> can be rewritten to <math>x=3-3y</math>. Substituting <math>3-3y</math> for <math>x</math> in the second equation will give <math>||3-3y|-y|=1</math>. Splitting this question into casework for the ranges of <math>y</math> will give us the total number of solutions. |
− | <math>\textbf{Case 1:}</math> <math>y>1</math> | + | <math>\textbf{Case 1:}</math> <math>y>1</math>: |
<math>3-3y</math> will be negative so <math>|3-3y| = 3y-3.</math> | <math>3-3y</math> will be negative so <math>|3-3y| = 3y-3.</math> | ||
<math>|3y-3-y| = |2y-3| = 1</math> | <math>|3y-3-y| = |2y-3| = 1</math> | ||
Line 36: | Line 42: | ||
<math>2y-3</math> is negative so <math>|2y-3| = 3-2y = 1</math>. <math>2y = 2</math> and so there are no solutions (<math>y</math> can't equal to <math>1</math>) | <math>2y-3</math> is negative so <math>|2y-3| = 3-2y = 1</math>. <math>2y = 2</math> and so there are no solutions (<math>y</math> can't equal to <math>1</math>) | ||
− | <math>\textbf{Case 2:}</math> <math>y = 1</math> | + | <math>\textbf{Case 2:}</math> <math>y = 1</math>: |
It is fairly clear that <math>x = 0.</math> | It is fairly clear that <math>x = 0.</math> | ||
− | <math>\textbf{Case 3:}</math> <math>y<1</math> | + | <math>\textbf{Case 3:}</math> <math>y<1</math>: |
<math>3-3y</math> will be positive so <math>|3-3y-y| = |3-4y| = 1</math> | <math>3-3y</math> will be positive so <math>|3-3y-y| = |3-4y| = 1</math> | ||
− | Subcase 1: <math>y>\frac{ | + | Subcase 1: <math>y>\frac{3}{4}</math> |
− | <math>3-4y</math> will be negative so <math>4y-3 = 1</math> \rightarrow <math>4y = 4</math>. | + | <math>3-4y</math> will be negative so <math>4y-3 = 1</math> <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>4y = 4</math>. We already have this solution from Case 2 as <math>y = 1</math>. |
− | Subcase 2: <math>y<\frac{ | + | Subcase 2: <math>y<\frac{3}{4}</math> |
− | <math>3-4y</math> will be positive so <math>3-4y = 1</math> \rightarrow <math>4y = 2</math>. <math>y = \frac{1}{2}</math> and <math>x = \frac{3}{2}</math>. | + | <math>3-4y</math> will be positive so <math>3-4y = 1</math> <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>4y = 2</math>. <math>y = \frac{1}{2}</math> and <math>x = \frac{3}{2}</math>. |
Thus, the solutions are: <math>(-3,2), (0,1), \left(\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2} \right)</math>, and the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | Thus, the solutions are: <math>(-3,2), (0,1), \left(\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2} \right)</math>, and the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | ||
− | |||
− | + | == Solution 3 (Straightforward Casework) == | |
− | Note that ||x| - |y|| can take on | + | Note that <math>||x| - |y||</math> can take on one of four values where <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> are: <math>x + y</math> (positive, positive), <math>x - y</math> (positive, negative), <math>-x + y</math> (negative, positive), <math>-x -y</math> (negative, negative). So we have 4 cases which we solve by cancellation with the two equations from the problem: |
− | + | ||
− | + | '''Case 1: ||x| - |y|| = x+y ''' | |
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x+y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subtracting: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>2y=2 \Rightarrow y=1</math> and <math>x=0</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (0,1)</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 2: ||x| - |y|| = x-y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x-y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subtacting: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>4y=2 \Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}</math> an <math>x=\dfrac{3}{2}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } \left(\dfrac{3}{2},\dfrac{1}{2}\right)</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 3: ||x| - |y|| = -x+y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>-x+y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adding: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>4y=4 \Rightarrow y=1</math> and <math>x=0</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (0,1)</math>. Since this is the same solution as we got in Case 1, we can not count this (otherwise, we would have overcounted). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Case 4: ||x| - |y|| = -x-y''' | ||
+ | <cmath>x+3y=3</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>-x-y=1</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adding: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>2y=4 \Rightarrow y=2</math> and <math>x=-3</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\text{Result: } (-3,2)</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Answer''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | We solved each case by elimination (either adding the two equations or subtracting), to obtain three solutions: <math>(0, 1)</math>, <math>(-3,2)</math>, <math>\left(\dfrac{3}{2}, \dfrac{1}{2}\right)</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Contributors''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~trumpeter | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ccx09 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~mXxHalo711 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~BakedPotato66 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~<B+ | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 4 == | ||
+ | Just as in solution <math>2</math>, we derive the equation <math>||3-3y|-|y||=1</math>. If we remove the absolute values, the equation collapses into four different possible values. <math>3-2y</math>, <math>3-4y</math>, <math>2y-3</math>, and <math>4y-3</math>, each equal to either <math>1</math> or <math>-1</math>. Remember that if <math>P-Q=a</math>, then <math>Q-P=-a</math>. Because we have already taken <math>1</math> and <math>-1</math> into account, we can eliminate one of the conjugates of each pair, namely <math>3-2y</math> and <math>2y-3</math>, and <math>3-4y</math> and <math>4y-3</math>. Find the values of <math>y</math> when <math>3-2y=1</math>, <math>3-2y=-1</math>, <math>3-4y=1</math> and <math>3-4y=-1</math>. We see that <math>3-2y=1</math> and <math>3-4y=-1</math> give us the same value for <math>y</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~Zeric Hang | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 5 == | ||
+ | Just as in solution <math>2</math>, we derive the equation <math>x=3-3y</math>. Squaring both sides in the second equation gives <math>x^2+y^2-2|xy|=1</math>. Putting <math>x=3-3y</math> and doing a little calculation gives <math>10y^2-18y+9-2|3y-3y^2|=1</math>. From here we know that <math>3y-3y^2</math> is either positive or negative. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When positive, we get <math>2y^2-3y+1=0</math> and then, <math>y=1/2</math> or <math>y=1</math>. | ||
+ | When negative, we get <math>y^2-3y+2=0</math> and then, <math>y=2</math> or <math>y=1</math>. Clearly, there are <math>3</math> different pairs of values and that gives us <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 3}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~OlutosinNGA | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Video Solution 1 == | ||
+ | https://youtu.be/o63EtwelFp0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~savannahsolver | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Video Solution 2== | ||
+ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llMgyOkjNgU&ab_channel=TheBeautyofMath | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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{{AMC12 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=9|num-a=11}} | {{AMC12 box|year=2018|ab=A|num-b=9|num-a=11}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Introductory Algebra Problems]] |
Latest revision as of 08:45, 14 October 2024
- The following problem is from both the 2018 AMC 10A #12 and 2018 AMC 12A #10, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
How many ordered pairs of real numbers satisfy the following system of equations?
Solution 1
We can solve this by graphing the equations. The second equation looks challenging to graph, but start by graphing it in the first quadrant only (which is easy since the inner absolute value signs can be ignored), then simply reflect that graph into the other quadrants.
The graph looks something like this: Now, it becomes clear that there are intersection points.
Solution 2
can be rewritten to . Substituting for in the second equation will give . Splitting this question into casework for the ranges of will give us the total number of solutions.
: will be negative so
Subcase 1:
is positive so and and
Subcase 2:
is negative so . and so there are no solutions ( can't equal to )
: It is fairly clear that
: will be positive so
Subcase 1:
will be negative so . We already have this solution from Case 2 as .
Subcase 2:
will be positive so . and . Thus, the solutions are: , and the answer is .
Solution 3 (Straightforward Casework)
Note that can take on one of four values where and are: (positive, positive), (positive, negative), (negative, positive), (negative, negative). So we have 4 cases which we solve by cancellation with the two equations from the problem:
Case 1: ||x| - |y|| = x+y
Subtracting:
and .
Case 2: ||x| - |y|| = x-y
Subtacting:
an .
Case 3: ||x| - |y|| = -x+y
Adding:
and .
. Since this is the same solution as we got in Case 1, we can not count this (otherwise, we would have overcounted).
Case 4: ||x| - |y|| = -x-y
Adding:
and .
.
Answer
We solved each case by elimination (either adding the two equations or subtracting), to obtain three solutions: , , .
Our answer is .
Contributors
~trumpeter
~ccx09
~mXxHalo711
~BakedPotato66
~<B+
Solution 4
Just as in solution , we derive the equation . If we remove the absolute values, the equation collapses into four different possible values. , , , and , each equal to either or . Remember that if , then . Because we have already taken and into account, we can eliminate one of the conjugates of each pair, namely and , and and . Find the values of when , , and . We see that and give us the same value for , so the answer is
~Zeric Hang
Solution 5
Just as in solution , we derive the equation . Squaring both sides in the second equation gives . Putting and doing a little calculation gives . From here we know that is either positive or negative.
When positive, we get and then, or . When negative, we get and then, or . Clearly, there are different pairs of values and that gives us
~OlutosinNGA
Video Solution 1
~savannahsolver
Video Solution 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llMgyOkjNgU&ab_channel=TheBeautyofMath
See Also
2018 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2018 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 9 |
Followed by Problem 11 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.