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k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
March is the month for State MATHCOUNTS competitions! Kudos to everyone who participated in their local chapter competitions and best of luck to all going to State! Join us on March 11th for a Math Jam devoted to our favorite Chapter competition problems! Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS? Be sure to check out our AMC 8/MATHCOUNTS Basics and Advanced courses.

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Do you have plans this summer? There are so many options to fit your schedule and goals whether attending a summer camp or taking online classes, it can be a great break from the routine of the school year. Check out our summer courses at AoPS Online, or if you want a math or language arts class that doesn’t have homework, but is an enriching summer experience, our AoPS Virtual Campus summer camps may be just the ticket! We are expanding our locations for our AoPS Academies across the country with 15 locations so far and new campuses opening in Saratoga CA, Johns Creek GA, and the Upper West Side NY. Check out this page for summer camp information.

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
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0 replies
1 viewing
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
a problem
Bummer12345   7
N a few seconds ago by mathelvin
Alice and Bob play a game where Alice starts with $3$ MathJuice bottles and Bob starts with $2$ MathJuice bottles. An unfair coin is then flipped, with probability $\frac{2}{3}$ of landing heads. If the coin lands heads, Alice gives Bob a bottle; otherwise, Bob gives Alice a bottle. This process repeats until someone runs out of bottles.

(a): What is the probability that Bob will lose all of his bottles before Alice does?
(b): What is the expected number of times the coin has been flipped by the time the game ends?

Source: Own
7 replies
Bummer12345
Wednesday at 8:00 PM
mathelvin
a few seconds ago
Mathcounts state iowa
iwillregretthisnamelater   5
N 2 minutes ago by mathelvin
Ok I’m a 6th grader in Iowa who got 38 in chapter which was first, so what are the chances of me getting in nats? I should feel confident but I don’t. I have a week until states and I’m getting really anxious. What should I do? And also does the cdr count in Iowa? Because I heard that some states do cdr for fun or something and that it doesn’t count to final standings.
5 replies
iwillregretthisnamelater
Yesterday at 4:55 AM
mathelvin
2 minutes ago
Mathcounts STRATEGIES
Existing_Human1   14
N 5 minutes ago by mathelvin
Hello commuinty!

I am wondering what your strategies are for mathcounts. Please note I do not mean tips. These can be for all rounds, but please specify. BTW, this is for state, but it can apply to any competition.

Ex:
Team - sit in a specific order
Target - do the easiest first
Sprint - go as fast as possible

I just made up the examples, and you will probably have better strategies, so if you want to help out, please do
14 replies
+1 w
Existing_Human1
Yesterday at 7:27 PM
mathelvin
5 minutes ago
USA 97 [1/(b^3+c^3+abc) + ... >= 1/(abc)]
Maverick   45
N an hour ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: USAMO 1997/5; also: ineq E2.37 in Book: Inegalitati; Authors:L.Panaitopol,V. Bandila,M.Lascu
Prove that, for all positive real numbers $ a$, $ b$, $ c$, the inequality
\[ \frac {1}{a^3 + b^3 + abc} + \frac {1}{b^3 + c^3 + abc} + \frac {1}{c^3 + a^3 + abc} \leq \frac {1}{abc}
\]
holds.
45 replies
1 viewing
Maverick
Sep 12, 2003
Marcus_Zhang
an hour ago
The prime inequality learning problem
orl   137
N 2 hours ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: IMO 1995, Problem 2, Day 1, IMO Shortlist 1995, A1
Let $ a$, $ b$, $ c$ be positive real numbers such that $ abc = 1$. Prove that
\[ \frac {1}{a^{3}\left(b + c\right)} + \frac {1}{b^{3}\left(c + a\right)} + \frac {1}{c^{3}\left(a + b\right)}\geq \frac {3}{2}.
\]
137 replies
orl
Nov 9, 2005
Marcus_Zhang
2 hours ago
Factoring Marathon
pican   1430
N 3 hours ago by Cerberusman
Hello guys,
I think we should start a factoring marathon. Post your solutions like this SWhatever, and your problems like this PWhatever. Please make your own problems, and I'll start off simple: P1
1430 replies
pican
Aug 4, 2015
Cerberusman
3 hours ago
hard ............ (2)
Noname23   2
N 3 hours ago by mathprodigy2011
problem
2 replies
Noname23
Yesterday at 5:10 PM
mathprodigy2011
3 hours ago
Abelkonkurransen 2025 3a
Lil_flip38   5
N 3 hours ago by ariopro1387
Source: abelkonkurransen
Let \(ABC\) be a triangle. Let \(E,F\) be the feet of the altitudes from \(B,C\) respectively. Let \(P,Q\) be the projections of \(B,C\) onto line \(EF\). Show that \(PE=QF\).
5 replies
Lil_flip38
Yesterday at 11:14 AM
ariopro1387
3 hours ago
Inequality by Po-Ru Loh
v_Enhance   54
N 3 hours ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: ELMO 2003 Problem 4
Let $x,y,z \ge 1$ be real numbers such that \[ \frac{1}{x^2-1} + \frac{1}{y^2-1} + \frac{1}{z^2-1} = 1. \] Prove that \[ \frac{1}{x+1} + \frac{1}{y+1} + \frac{1}{z+1} \le 1. \]
54 replies
v_Enhance
Dec 29, 2012
Marcus_Zhang
3 hours ago
Problem 5
Functional_equation   14
N 3 hours ago by ali123456
Source: Azerbaijan third round 2020(JBMO Shortlist 2019 N6)
$a,b,c$ are non-negative integers.
Solve: $a!+5^b=7^c$

Proposed by Serbia
14 replies
Functional_equation
Jun 6, 2020
ali123456
3 hours ago
a^12+3^b=1788^c
falantrng   6
N 4 hours ago by ali123456
Source: Azerbaijan NMO 2024. Junior P3
Find all the natural numbers $a, b, c$ satisfying the following equation:
$$a^{12} + 3^b = 1788^c$$.
6 replies
falantrng
Jul 8, 2024
ali123456
4 hours ago
stuck on a system of recurrence sequence
Nonecludiangeofan   0
4 hours ago
Please guys help me solve this nasty problem that i've been stuck for the past month:
Let \( (a_n) \) and \( (b_n) \) be two sequences defined by:
\[
a_{n+1} = \frac{1 + a_n + a_n b_n}{b_n} \quad \text{and} \quad b_{n+1} = \frac{1 + b_n + a_n b_n}{a_n}
\]for all \( n \ge 0 \), with initial values \( a_0 = 1 \) and \( b_0 = 2 \).

Prove that:
\[
a_{2024} < 5.
\]
(btw am still not comfortable with system of recurrence sequences)
0 replies
Nonecludiangeofan
4 hours ago
0 replies
A huge group of children compare their heights
Tintarn   5
N 4 hours ago by InCtrl
Source: All-Russian MO 2024 9.8
$1000$ children, no two of the same height, lined up. Let us call a pair of different children $(a,b)$ good if between them there is no child whose height is greater than the height of one of $a$ and $b$, but less than the height of the other. What is the greatest number of good pairs that could be formed? (Here, $(a,b)$ and $(b,a)$ are considered the same pair.)
Proposed by I. Bogdanov
5 replies
Tintarn
Apr 22, 2024
InCtrl
4 hours ago
Iran Inequality
mathmatecS   15
N 5 hours ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: Iran 1998
When $x(\ge1),$ $y(\ge1),$ $z(\ge1)$ satisfy $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2,$ prove in equality.
$$\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}$$
15 replies
mathmatecS
Jun 11, 2015
Marcus_Zhang
5 hours ago
How to convert base numbers directly without using base 10
DSL13   12
N Yesterday at 12:41 PM by maxamc
I don't understand the topic of how you convert bases directly without going from base 10 to the base that I desire. How do I get from one base to another without the use of base 10?

I watched videos on it but I don't really get the idea.
12 replies
DSL13
Mar 11, 2021
maxamc
Yesterday at 12:41 PM
How to convert base numbers directly without using base 10
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DSL13
680 posts
#1
Y by
I don't understand the topic of how you convert bases directly without going from base 10 to the base that I desire. How do I get from one base to another without the use of base 10?

I watched videos on it but I don't really get the idea.
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suvamkonar
3092 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
well you can write it in terms of powers of the base so like $173_{10} = 2\cdot8^2+ 5\cdot8 +5 = 255_{8}$
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DSL13
680 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Mango247, Mango247
Yes, but is there a way to convert it between bases without going to base 10 first?
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HamstPan38825
8855 posts
#4
Y by
Converting from a base $p^i$ to a base $p^k$ where $p$ is prime and $i, k \in \mathbb{N}$ only requires converting to base $p^{\text{gcd}(i, k)}$ first.
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DottedCaculator
7305 posts
#5
Y by
DSL13 wrote:
Yes, but is there a way to convert it between bases without going to base 10 first?

Yes it is possible, but it is very hard if you do not know how to add or multiply in different bases.
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ad333
1055 posts
#6
Y by
generally this is normally done in say, convert base 2 to base 8 let's say you have
11010110010101 since two cubed is eight you take chunks of three starting from the right and convert those from two to 8
in this case it would become 32625 i think
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nidharshana29
4 posts
#7
Y by
Quote:
I don't understand the topic of how you convert bases directly without going from base 10 to the base that I desire. How do I get from one base to another without the use of base 10?
I was wondering the same thing. How would you add/multiply in different bases like how Dotted Calculator said?
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by nidharshana29, Wednesday at 3:21 PM
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sadas123
1063 posts
#8
Y by
I just always convert back to base 10 so I don't make a silly mistakes lol. I do it the hard way because you can easily silly bases.
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iwastedmyusername
29 posts
#9
Y by
nidharshana29 wrote:
Quote:
I don't understand the topic of how you convert bases directly without going from base 10 to the base that I desire. How do I get from one base to another without the use of base 10?
I was wondering the same thing. How would you add/multiply in different bases like how Dotted Calculator said?

just like you "carry" the 1 when you get a number more than 10 after adding two digits in base 10, carry the 1 when you get a number more than b after adding two digits in base b
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gauss202
4854 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Chonkachu
The problem with converting from base x to base y directly is that you do not have the multiplication table memorized in base x or y.

For instance, if I want to convert 3412 from base 6 to base 10, I'm relying on my ability to calculate $3 \times 6^3 + 4 \times 6^2 + 1 \times 6 + 2$ in terms of base 10 digits. This requires me to be able to do these multiplications in base 10. You can only do this efficiently and painlessly because you have historical memory of the multiplication table in base 10. For instance, I had to find $4 \times 6^3$ in base 17 and by only staying in base 17, this would be hard to do directly.

Likewise, if I wanted to convert 5935 from base 10 to base 6, I am relying on my ability to quickly compute divisions by 6 in base 10, which I can only do efficiently because I know my multiples of 6 in base 10. I don't know them in base, say 17, so divisions by 6 in base 17 would be inefficient for me.

There are some rare exceptions to this, however. Converting from base 2 to base 8 or vice versa is not so bad. LIkewise, from base 3 to base 6 is not so bad.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by gauss202, Wednesday at 6:39 PM
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nidharshana29
4 posts
#11
Y by
Quote:
I just always convert back to base 10 so I don't make a silly mistakes lol. I do it the hard way because you can easily silly bases.
The thing is that I have these problems in a test where they only give me 7 seconds a problem, so a direct conversion is necessary.
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gauss202
4854 posts
#12
Y by
nidharshana29 wrote:
The thing is that I have these problems in a test where they only give me 7 seconds a problem, so a direct conversion is necessary.

Can you give an example?
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maxamc
451 posts
#13
Y by
this aged like milk

https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h3531391_base_2n_of_nk
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