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k a July Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jwelsh   0
Jul 1, 2025
We are halfway through summer, so be sure to carve out some time to keep your skills sharp and explore challenging topics at AoPS Online and our AoPS Academies (including the Virtual Campus)!

[list][*]Over 60 summer classes are starting at the Virtual Campus on July 7th - check out the math and language arts options for middle through high school levels.
[*]At AoPS Online, we have accelerated sections where you can complete a course in half the time by meeting twice/week instead of once/week, starting on July 8th:
[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
[*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
[*]AMC Problem Series[/list]
[*]Plus, AoPS Online has a special seminar July 14 - 17 that is outside the standard fare: Paradoxes and Infinity
[*]We are expanding our in-person AoPS Academy locations - are you looking for a strong community of problem solvers, exemplary instruction, and math and language arts options? Look to see if we have a location near you and enroll in summer camps or academic year classes today! New locations include campuses in California, Georgia, New York, Illinois, and Oregon and more coming soon![/list]

MOP (Math Olympiad Summer Program) just ended and the IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) is right around the corner! This year’s IMO will be held in Australia, July 10th - 20th. Congratulations to all the MOP students for reaching this incredible level and best of luck to all selected to represent their countries at this year’s IMO! Did you know that, in the last 10 years, 59 USA International Math Olympiad team members have medaled and have taken over 360 AoPS Online courses. Take advantage of our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training (WOOT) courses
and train with the best! Please note that early bird pricing ends August 19th!
Are you tired of the heat and thinking about Fall? You can plan your Fall schedule now with classes at either AoPS Online, AoPS Academy Virtual Campus, or one of our AoPS Academies around the US.

Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
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0 replies
jwelsh
Jul 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Should I reset Alcumus?
SunnieBunnie   13
N a minute ago by Aaronjudgeisgoat
My Alcumus rating is pretty low, 59.5, and I only did about 90% of my problems correct out of 328. Should I reset?
13 replies
+1 w
SunnieBunnie
4 hours ago
Aaronjudgeisgoat
a minute ago
Bogus Proof Marathon
pifinity   7755
N 9 minutes ago by vg93157
Hi!
I'd like to introduce the Bogus Proof Marathon.

In this marathon, simply post a bogus proof that is middle-school level and the next person will find the error. You don't have to post the real solution :P

Use classic Marathon format:
[hide=P#]a1b2c3[/hide]
[hide=S#]a1b2c3[/hide]


Example posts:

P(x)
-----
S(x)
P(x+1)
-----
Let's go!! Just don't make it too hard!
7755 replies
pifinity
Mar 12, 2018
vg93157
9 minutes ago
The 24 Game No Postfarming Edition.
maxamc   26
N 16 minutes ago by vg93157
Use the numbers $1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10$ (you must use all numbers) and the operations $+,-,\cdot,\div$ ONLY to create all positive integers in order. I will repeat 1 more time: ONLY these 4 operations (no concatenation or anything like totient etc.)

This is a real challenge compared to all postfarming attempts over the years.

Solutions
26 replies
maxamc
Today at 4:10 PM
vg93157
16 minutes ago
Scores on Contests for Ya'll to submit! (everyone be as honest as possible)
NEILDASEAL_12345   110
N 19 minutes ago by Leeoz
What are yall's most recent scores on mathCON, AMC 8 and other things? I just wanna know how I'm holding up and if my scores are good! This is the end of my first year in contest math, and I've always been gifted, but can someone tell me if these scores are good? MATHCON: 240
AMC 8: 19 QUESTIONS
AMC 10: 16 QUESTIONS
btw I'm going to 7th grade

EDIT: Y'all I mean 16 questions right on the AMC 10, I'm way too lazy to scroll and find the number of points lol
EDIT: Math Kangaroo: I forgot the score, but I got like 30th National
110 replies
NEILDASEAL_12345
Jul 10, 2025
Leeoz
19 minutes ago
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   0
32 minutes ago
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 D1 P2
Find all positive integers \(n\) for which there exists a degree \(n\) polynomial such that all its roots are real numbers and its coefficients are a permutation of \(0, 1, \ldots, n - 1, n\).
0 replies
diegoca1
32 minutes ago
0 replies
a_0 , a_1 are coprime in integer polynomial with n rel. prime integer roots
parmenides51   5
N 32 minutes ago by numbertheory97
Source: Hong Kong TST - HKTST 2024 1.1
Let $n$ be a positive integer larger than $1$, and let $a_0,a_1,\dots,a_{n-1}$ be integers. It is known that the equation $$x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+a_{n-2}x^{n-2}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0=0$$has $n$ pairwise relatively prime integer roots. Prove that $a_0$ and $a_1$ are relatively prime.
5 replies
parmenides51
Jul 20, 2024
numbertheory97
32 minutes ago
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   0
34 minutes ago
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 D1 P1
Find all pairs of positive integers \((a, b)\) such that the following set has exactly 2024 elements:
\[
    \left\{ \frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} : x, y \text{ are integers with } 0 \leq \frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} \leq 1 \right\}.
    \]
0 replies
diegoca1
34 minutes ago
0 replies
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   1
N an hour ago by MathLuis
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 pre-selection P2
Let \( ABC \) be an acute triangle with circumcircle \( \Omega \) and \( L \) a point on the minor arc \( BC \). Let \( M \) and \( N \) be the midpoints of \( AB \) and \( AC \), respectively. The lines \( LM \) and \( LN \) intersect \( \Omega \) again at \( P \) and \( Q \), respectively. Let \( J \) be the second intersection point of the circumcircles of \( APM \) and \( AQN \) (\( J \neq A \)). Prove that \( B, J \), and \( Q \) are collinear.
1 reply
diegoca1
an hour ago
MathLuis
an hour ago
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   0
an hour ago
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 pre-selection P4
Determine all positive integers \( n \geq 3 \) such that if \( a \) is a integer number with \( 1 < a < n \) and coprime to \( n \), so \( a \) is a prime number.
0 replies
diegoca1
an hour ago
0 replies
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   1
N an hour ago by dangerousliri
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 pre-selection P1
Find all functions \( f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) such that:
\[ f(x + f(x + y)) = x + f(x) - f(y), \]for all real numbers \( x, y \).
1 reply
diegoca1
an hour ago
dangerousliri
an hour ago
Hard sequence
straight   4
N an hour ago by straight
Source: Own
Consider a sequence $(a_n)_n, n \rightarrow \infty$ of real numbers.

Consider an infinite $\mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N}$ grid $a_{i,j}$. In the first row of this grid, we place $a_0$ in every square ($a_{0,n} = a_0)$. In the first column of this grid, we place $a_n$ in the $n$-th square ($a_{n,0} = a_n)$.
Next, fill up the grid according to the following rule: $a_{i,j} = a_{i-1,j} + a_{i,j-1}$.

If $\lim_{i \rightarrow \infty} a_{i,j} = 0$ for all $j = 0,1,...$, does this mean that $a_n = 0$ for all $n$?

Hint?
4 replies
straight
Jul 16, 2025
straight
an hour ago
Peru IMO TST 2024
diegoca1   0
an hour ago
Source: Peru IMO TST 2024 pre-selection P3
A quadrangulation of a polygon consists of partitioning a polygon into quadrilaterals by diagonals that do not intersect each other (except possibly at the vertices of the polygon). A regular polygon with 2024 vertices has been quadrangulated such that the number of segments leaving any of the vertices is at most \( d \). Show that it is possible to color the sides of the polygon and the diagonals drawn in the quadrangulation using \( d \) colors such that no two segments of the same color pass through the same vertex.
0 replies
diegoca1
an hour ago
0 replies
ABC and A1B1C1 are congruent
Amir Hossein   8
N an hour ago by ray66
In triangle $ABC, O$ is the circumcenter, $H$ is the orthocenter. Construct the circumcircles of triangles $CHB, CHA$ and $AHB$, and let their centers be $A_1, B_1, C_1$, respectively. Prove that triangles $ABC$ and $A_1B_1C_1$ are congruent, and their nine-point circles coincide.
8 replies
Amir Hossein
Sep 18, 2010
ray66
an hour ago
Find all functions
tranthanhnam   56
N 2 hours ago by Fly_into_the_sky
Source: Balkan MO 2000, problem 1 and 1997, problem 4 (!!)
Find all functions $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that \[ f( xf(x) + f(y) ) = f^2(x) + y \] for all $x,y\in \mathbb R$.
56 replies
tranthanhnam
Oct 16, 2005
Fly_into_the_sky
2 hours ago
Quick Question
b2025tyx   13
N May 22, 2025 by b2025tyx
During my math final today at school, the question said stated "When every integer is raised to the power of zero, it is equal to 1". The answers were multiple choice and were : Always, sometimes, never, and I don't know.

I ended up putting the first one, and was informed that it was incorrect. My teacher told me that $0^0$ is not equal to one. I looked it up, and it said $0^0 = 1$. Can someone confirm and prove this. Thanks!
13 replies
b2025tyx
May 20, 2025
b2025tyx
May 22, 2025
Quick Question
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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b2025tyx
1492 posts
#1
Y by
During my math final today at school, the question said stated "When every integer is raised to the power of zero, it is equal to 1". The answers were multiple choice and were : Always, sometimes, never, and I don't know.

I ended up putting the first one, and was informed that it was incorrect. My teacher told me that $0^0$ is not equal to one. I looked it up, and it said $0^0 = 1$. Can someone confirm and prove this. Thanks!
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LuminousWolverine
254 posts
#2
Y by
yeah, im pretty sure any positive integer to the power of 0 is 1. I have seen proof on many websites, so I dont know why ur teacher said that...
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CJB19
178 posts
#3
Y by
Arr0w wrote:
Firstly, the case of $0^0$. It is usually regarded that $0^0=1$, not because this works numerically but because it is convenient to define it this way. You will see the convenience of defining other undefined things later on in this post.

From the "A Letter to MSM" thread
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by CJB19, May 20, 2025, 7:34 PM
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SapphireKitty
1039 posts
#6
Y by
Well if it's super debated I'd say it's probably not a great test question...................
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ultimatehero
301 posts
#7
Y by
this is a cool thread on the topic: https://www.askamathematician.com/2010/12/q-what-does-00-zero-raised-to-the-zeroth-power-equal-why-do-mathematicians-and-high-school-teachers-disagree/
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CJB19
178 posts
#8
Y by
Some contexts define it as undefined but in a lot of contexts it equals 1 so I think your teacher is wrong
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by CJB19, May 20, 2025, 7:47 PM
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anticodon
202 posts
#9
Y by
AoPS Prealgebra stated something along the lines of "Since there is a lot of controversy on the subject of the value of $0^0$, we will avoid using such notation"

I guess it could depend on how you look at the problem
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RocketScientist
374 posts
#10
Y by
$0^0$ is generally accepted as $1$ because it makes some calculations easier. But in other contexts, it's indeterminate.
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K1mchi_
189 posts
#11
Y by
b2025tyx wrote:
During my math final today at school, the question said stated "When every integer is raised to the power of zero, it is equal to 1". The answers were multiple choice and were : Always, sometimes, never, and I don't know.

I ended up putting the first one, and was informed that it was incorrect. My teacher told me that $0^0$ is not equal to one. I looked it up, and it said $0^0 = 1$. Can someone confirm and prove this. Thanks!
Arr0w wrote:
“…the case of $0^0$. It is usually regarded that $0^0=1$, not because this works numerically but because it is convenient to define it this way. You will see the convenience of defining other undefined things later on in this post.”
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b2025tyx
1492 posts
#13
Y by
Does anyone have an actual proof?
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char0221
170 posts
#14
Y by
Just purely from a combinatorics perspective, there is one way to pick zero objects out of zero objects (not choosing any still can count).
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anticodon
202 posts
#15
Y by
if 0/0=1, we have
$\frac{0}{0}+\frac{0}{0}=1+1=2$

edit: we also have
$1+\frac{0}{0}=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{0}{0}=\frac{0+0}{0}=0$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by anticodon, May 22, 2025, 3:38 PM
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Andrew2019
2419 posts
#17
Y by
b2025tyx wrote:
Does anyone have an actual proof?

i believe $0^0$ is defined as 1
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b2025tyx
1492 posts
#18
Y by
anticodon wrote:
if 0/0=1, we have
$\frac{0}{0}+\frac{0}{0}=1+1=2$

edit: we also have
$1+\frac{0}{0}=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{0}{0}=\frac{0+0}{0}=0$

I am asking for $0^0$ not the division between the two
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