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k a June Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Jun 2, 2025
Congratulations to all the mathletes who competed at National MATHCOUNTS! If you missed the exciting Countdown Round, you can watch the video at this link. Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS or AMC 10 contests? How would you like to train for these math competitions in half the time? We have accelerated sections which meet twice per week instead of once starting on July 8th (7:30pm ET). These sections fill quickly so enroll today!

[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
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[*]AMC 10 Problem Series[/list]
For those interested in Olympiad level training in math, computer science, physics, and chemistry, be sure to enroll in our WOOT courses before August 19th to take advantage of early bird pricing!

Summer camps are starting this month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have a transformative summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
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[*]June 9th, Monday, 7:30pm ET, Game Jam: Operation Shuffle!, Come join us to play our second round of Operation Shuffle! If you enjoy number sense, logic, and a healthy dose of luck, this is the game for you. No specific math background is required; all are welcome.[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Jun 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Painting Beads on Necklace
amuthup   47
N 10 minutes ago by ezpotd
Source: 2021 ISL C2
Let $n\ge 3$ be a fixed integer. There are $m\ge n+1$ beads on a circular necklace. You wish to paint the beads using $n$ colors, such that among any $n+1$ consecutive beads every color appears at least once. Find the largest value of $m$ for which this task is $\emph{not}$ possible.

Carl Schildkraut, USA
47 replies
amuthup
Jul 12, 2022
ezpotd
10 minutes ago
Onto the altitude'
TheUltimate123   4
N 16 minutes ago by EpicBird08
Source: Extension of nukelauncher's and my Mock AIME #15 (https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c875089h1825979p12212193)
In triangle $ABC$, let $D$, $E$, and $F$ denote the feet of the altitudes from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively, and let $O$ denote the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$. Points $X$ and $Y$ denote the projections of $E$ and $F$, respectively, onto $\overline{AD}$, and $Z=\overline{AO}\cap\overline{EF}$. There exists a point $T$ such that $\angle DTZ=90^\circ$ and $AZ=AT$. If $P=\overline{AD}\cap\overline{ZT}$ and $Q$ lies on $\overline{EF}$ such that $\overline{PQ}\parallel\overline{BC}$, prove that line $AQ$ bisects $\overline{BC}$.
4 replies
TheUltimate123
May 19, 2019
EpicBird08
16 minutes ago
The Bank of Oslo
mathisreaI   60
N 17 minutes ago by ezpotd
Source: IMO 2022 Problem 1
The Bank of Oslo issues two types of coin: aluminum (denoted A) and bronze (denoted B). Marianne has $n$ aluminum coins and $n$ bronze coins arranged in a row in some arbitrary initial order. A chain is any subsequence of consecutive coins of the same type. Given a fixed positive integer $k \leq 2n$, Gilberty repeatedly performs the following operation: he identifies the longest chain containing the $k^{th}$ coin from the left and moves all coins in that chain to the left end of the row. For example, if $n=4$ and $k=4$, the process starting from the ordering $AABBBABA$ would be $AABBBABA \to BBBAAABA \to AAABBBBA \to BBBBAAAA \to ...$

Find all pairs $(n,k)$ with $1 \leq k \leq 2n$ such that for every initial ordering, at some moment during the process, the leftmost $n$ coins will all be of the same type.
60 replies
mathisreaI
Jul 13, 2022
ezpotd
17 minutes ago
2-var inequality
sqing   2
N 32 minutes ago by Rohit-2006
Source: Own
Let $ a,b\geq 0 $ and $\frac{1}{a^2+3} + \frac{1}{b^2+3} -ab\leq  \frac{1}{2}.$ Prove that
$$  a^2+ab+b^2 \geq \frac{3(\sqrt{57}-7)}{4}$$Let $ a,b\geq 0 $ and $\frac{a}{b^2+3} + \frac{b}{a^2+3} +ab\leq  \frac{1}{2}.$ Prove that
$$  a^2+ab+b^2 \leq \frac{9}{4}$$Let $ a,b\geq 0 $ and $ \frac{a}{b^3+3}+\frac{b}{a^3+3}-ab\leq  \frac{1}{2}.$ Prove that
$$  a^2+ab+b^2 \geq \frac{9}{4}$$
2 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 12:55 PM
Rohit-2006
32 minutes ago
Problem 5
blug   4
N an hour ago by Sir_Cumcircle
Source: Czech-Polish-Slovak Junior Match 2025 Problem 5
For every integer $n\geq 1$ prove that
$$\frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{2}{n+2}+\frac{3}{n+3}-\frac{4}{n+4}+...+\frac{2n-1}{3n-1}>\frac{1}{3}.$$
4 replies
blug
May 19, 2025
Sir_Cumcircle
an hour ago
Cool integer FE
Rijul saini   2
N an hour ago by ZVFrozel
Source: LMAO Revenge 2025 Day 1 Problem 1
Alice has a function $f : \mathbb N \rightarrow \mathbb N$ such that for all naturals $a, b$ the function satisfies:
\[a + b \mid a^{f(a)} + b^{f(b)} \]Bob wants to find all possible functions Alice could have. Help Bob and find all functions that Alice could have.
2 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 7:06 PM
ZVFrozel
an hour ago
A beautiful collinearity regarding three wonderful points
math_pi_rate   10
N 2 hours ago by alexanderchew
Source: Own
Let $\triangle DEF$ be the medial triangle of an acute-angle triangle $\triangle ABC$. Suppose the line through $A$ perpendicular to $AB$ meet $EF$ at $A_B$. Define $A_C,B_A,B_C,C_A,C_B$ analogously. Let $B_CC_B \cap BC=X_A$. Similarly define $X_B$ and $X_C$. Suppose the circle with diameter $BC$ meet the $A$-altitude at $A'$, where $A'$ lies inside $\triangle ABC$. Define $B'$ and $C'$ similarly. Let $N$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle DEF$, and let $\omega_A$ be the circle with diameter $X_AN$, which meets $\odot (X_A,A')$ at $A_1,A_2$. Similarly define $\omega_B,B_1,B_2$ and $\omega_C,C_1,C_2$.
1) Show that $X_A,X_B,X_C$ are collinear.
2) Prove that $A_1,A_2,B_1,B_2,C_1,C_2$ lie on a circle centered at $N$.
3) Prove that $\omega_A,\omega_B,\omega_C$ are coaxial.
4) Show that the line joining $X_A,X_B,X_C$ is perpendicular to the radical axis of $\omega_A,\omega_B,\omega_C$.
10 replies
math_pi_rate
Nov 8, 2018
alexanderchew
2 hours ago
Tricky FE
Rijul saini   4
N 2 hours ago by YaoAOPS
Source: LMAO 2025 Day 1 Problem 1
Let $\mathbb{R}$ denote the set of all real numbers. Find all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that
$$f(xy) + f(f(y)) = f((x + 1)f(y))$$for all real numbers $x$, $y$.

Proposed by MV Adhitya and Kanav Talwar
4 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 6:58 PM
YaoAOPS
2 hours ago
Quotient of Polynomials is Quadratic
tastymath75025   26
N 2 hours ago by pi271828
Source: USA TSTST 2017 Problem 3, by Linus Hamilton and Calvin Deng
Consider solutions to the equation \[x^2-cx+1 = \dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)},\]where $f$ and $g$ are polynomials with nonnegative real coefficients. For each $c>0$, determine the minimum possible degree of $f$, or show that no such $f,g$ exist.

Proposed by Linus Hamilton and Calvin Deng
26 replies
tastymath75025
Jun 29, 2017
pi271828
2 hours ago
Bugs Bunny at it again
Rijul saini   4
N 2 hours ago by ThatApollo777
Source: LMAO 2025 Day 2 Problem 1
Bugs Bunny wants to choose a number $k$ such that every collection of $k$ consecutive positive integers contains an integer whose sum of digits is divisible by $2025$.

Find the smallest positive integer $k$ for which he can do this, or prove that none exist.

Proposed by Saikat Debnath and MV Adhitya
4 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 7:01 PM
ThatApollo777
2 hours ago
Orthocenters equidistant from circumcenter
Rijul saini   5
N 2 hours ago by YaoAOPS
Source: India IMOTC 2025 Day 1 Problem 2
In triangle $ABC$, consider points $A_1,A_2$ on line $BC$ such that $A_1,B,C,A_2$ are in that order and $A_1B=AC$ and $CA_2=AB$. Similarly consider points $B_1,B_2$ on line $AC$, and $C_1,C_2$ on line $AB$. Prove that orthocenters of triangles $A_1B_1C_1$ and $A_2B_2C_2$ are equidistant from the circumcenter of $ABC$.

Proposed by Shantanu Nene
5 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 6:31 PM
YaoAOPS
2 hours ago
Six variables (2)
Nguyenhuyen_AG   1
N 2 hours ago by lbh_qys
Let $a, \, b, \,c, \, x, \, y, \, z$ be six positive real numbers. Prove that
\[a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{4(ax+by+cz)\sqrt{ab+bc+ca}}{x+y+z} \geqslant 2(ab+bc+ca).\]
1 reply
Nguyenhuyen_AG
3 hours ago
lbh_qys
2 hours ago
The line is a common tangent
Rijul saini   3
N 2 hours ago by pingupignu
Source: India IMOTC 2025 Day 4 Problem 3
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with circumcentre $O$ and circumcircle $\Gamma$. Let $T$ be the intersection of tangents at $B$ and $C$ to $\Gamma$. Let $\omega$ be the circumcircle of triangle $TBC$ and let $M(\neq T)$, $N(\neq T)$ denote the second intersections of $TA,TD$ with $\omega$ respectively. Let $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at $E$ and $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of triangle $EMN$. If $AD$ intersects $\Omega$ again at $X \neq E$, prove that the line tangent to $\Omega$ at $X$ is also tangent to $\omega$.

Proposed by Malay Mahajan and Siddharth Choppara
3 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 6:47 PM
pingupignu
2 hours ago
One of P or Q lies on circle
Rijul saini   6
N 2 hours ago by ZVFrozel
Source: LMAO 2025 Day 1 Problem 3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $K$ be the intersection of the tangents from $B$ and $C$ to the circumcircle of $ABC$. Denote by $\Omega$ the circle centered at $H$ and tangent to line $AM$.

Suppose $AK$ intersects $\Omega$ at two distinct points $X$, $Y$.
Lines $BX$ and $CY$ meet at $P$, while lines $BY$ and $CX$ meet at $Q$. Prove that either $P$ or $Q$ lies on $\Omega$.

Proposed by MV Adhitya, Archit Manas and Arnav Nanal
6 replies
Rijul saini
Yesterday at 6:59 PM
ZVFrozel
2 hours ago
Collinear
Omid Hatami   3
N Mar 1, 2016 by Sx763_
Source: Iranian National Olympiad (3rd Round) 2008
Let $ ABCD$ be a quadrilateral, and $ E$ be intersection points of $ AB,CD$ and $ AD,BC$ respectively. External bisectors of $ DAB$ and $ DCB$ intersect at $ P$, external bisectors of $ ABC$ and $ ADC$ intersect at $ Q$ and external bisectors of $ AED$ and $ AFB$ intersect at $ R$. Prove that $ P,Q,R$ are collinear.
3 replies
Omid Hatami
Sep 12, 2008
Sx763_
Mar 1, 2016
Collinear
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Iranian National Olympiad (3rd Round) 2008
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Omid Hatami
1275 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ ABCD$ be a quadrilateral, and $ E$ be intersection points of $ AB,CD$ and $ AD,BC$ respectively. External bisectors of $ DAB$ and $ DCB$ intersect at $ P$, external bisectors of $ ABC$ and $ ADC$ intersect at $ Q$ and external bisectors of $ AED$ and $ AFB$ intersect at $ R$. Prove that $ P,Q,R$ are collinear.
Z K Y
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darij grinberg
6555 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Should be one of the results in http://www.mathlinks.ro/viewtopic.php?t=30921 .

darij
Z K Y
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sumita
147 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
$ AD \cap BC = F,AB \cap DC = E$
external bisector $ DAB = L_{1}$
external bisector $ ABC = L_{2}$
external bisector $ BCD = L_{3}$
external bisector $ CDA = L_{4}$
external bisector $ AFB = L_{5}$
external bisector $ AED = L_{6}$
$ L_{3} \cap L_{4} = A_{1}$
$ L_{3} \cap L_{5} = C_{1}$
$ L_{5} \cap L_{4} = B_{1}$
$ L_{1} \cap L_{2} = A_{2}$
$ L_{2} \cap L_{6} = B_{2}$
$ L_{1} \cap L_{6} = C_{2}$
but:
$ A_{1}B_{1} \cap A_{2}B_{2} = Q$
$ A_{1}C_{1} \cap A_{2}C_{2} = P$
$ C_{1}B_{1} \cap C_{2}B_{2} = R$
but$ A_{1}A_{2},B_{1}B_{2},C_{1}C_{2}$ go through incircle of $ DFC$ now from desargue theorem we coclude $ Q,P,R$ are collinear.
Z K Y
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Sx763_
13 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
sumita wrote:
$ AD \cap BC = F,AB \cap DC = E$
external bisector $ DAB = L_{1}$
external bisector $ ABC = L_{2}$
external bisector $ BCD = L_{3}$
external bisector $ CDA = L_{4}$
external bisector $ AFB = L_{5}$
external bisector $ AED = L_{6}$
$ L_{3} \cap L_{4} = A_{1}$
$ L_{3} \cap L_{5} = C_{1}$
$ L_{5} \cap L_{4} = B_{1}$
$ L_{1} \cap L_{2} = A_{2}$
$ L_{2} \cap L_{6} = B_{2}$
$ L_{1} \cap L_{6} = C_{2}$
but:
$ A_{1}B_{1} \cap A_{2}B_{2} = Q$
$ A_{1}C_{1} \cap A_{2}C_{2} = P$
$ C_{1}B_{1} \cap C_{2}B_{2} = R$
but$ A_{1}A_{2},B_{1}B_{2},C_{1}C_{2}$ go through incircle of $ DFC$ now from desargue theorem we coclude $ Q,P,R$ are collinear.

go through excircle od $ DFC $
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