AoPS Academy
[/quote]
, do not answer with "
is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "
is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
If the value of 
can be written as 
where 
and 
are co-prime positive integers then compute the value of 
and 
where each summation runs over 
variables 
and 
Then find the value of 
If we set 
then it's the unique polynomial such that for all integers 
In general, for each positive integer k,there is a unique polynomial 
such that 
Find the value of 
for 
and 
if 
then find the coefficient of 
in in terms of 
lie on the same circle. If 
and 
, what is the area of octagon ?
, , and 
or 11. However, I didn't know how to find the radius. Can anyone give me a hint?
be a prime and 
a nonempty set. Suppose that for each element 
there exist elements 
, 
such that 
is divisible by . Prove that 
, where 
denotes the cardinality of 
.
different point-like cities were founded one by one; from the second onwards, each newly founded city and the nearest existing city (the older one, if there were two) were declared sister cities. The surviving map of the empire shows the cities and the distances between them, but not the order in which they were founded. Historians have tried to deduce from the map that each city had at most 41 sister cities.
, give a map from which this deduction can be made.
, this conclusion cannot be drawn from any map.
is divided into cyclic quadrilaterals with pairwise disjoint interiors. None of the vertices of the cyclic quadrilaterals in the decomposition is an interior point of a side of any cyclic quadrilateral in the decomposition or of a side of the quadrilateral . Prove that is also a cyclic quadrilateral.
and a positive integer , we denote the -fold composition of by 
. A polynomial with real coefficients is called perfect if for each integer there is a positive integer so that 
is an integer. Is it true that for each perfect polynomial , there exists a positive so that for each integer there is 
for which is an integer?
, , and 
be complex numbers such that they satisfy these equations:
If the maximum of 
can be expressed as 
for positive integers , 
, and , find the minimum possible value of 
.
, , and be complex numbers such that they satisfy these equations:
If the maximum of can be expressed as for positive integers , , and , find the minimum possible value of .
and 
and 
.
; multiplying: 
.
.
where 
and 
where 
.
such that:
substitution as @above, we get 
.
.
,
.
giving the answer of 
.