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k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
March is the month for State MATHCOUNTS competitions! Kudos to everyone who participated in their local chapter competitions and best of luck to all going to State! Join us on March 11th for a Math Jam devoted to our favorite Chapter competition problems! Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS? Be sure to check out our AMC 8/MATHCOUNTS Basics and Advanced courses.

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Do you have plans this summer? There are so many options to fit your schedule and goals whether attending a summer camp or taking online classes, it can be a great break from the routine of the school year. Check out our summer courses at AoPS Online, or if you want a math or language arts class that doesn’t have homework, but is an enriching summer experience, our AoPS Virtual Campus summer camps may be just the ticket! We are expanding our locations for our AoPS Academies across the country with 15 locations so far and new campuses opening in Saratoga CA, Johns Creek GA, and the Upper West Side NY. Check out this page for summer camp information.

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]March 5th (Wednesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, HCSSiM Math Jam 2025. Amber Verser, Assistant Director of the Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics, will host an information session about HCSSiM, a summer program for high school students.
[*]March 6th (Thursday), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Free Webinar on Math Competitions from elementary through high school. Join us for an enlightening session that demystifies the world of math competitions and helps you make informed decisions about your contest journey.
[*]March 11th (Tuesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS Chapter Discussion MATH JAM. AoPS instructors will discuss some of their favorite problems from the MATHCOUNTS Chapter Competition. All are welcome!
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0 replies
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Exquality
giangtruong13   1
N 30 minutes ago by sqing
Let $x,y,z>0$ satisfy that: $(xz)^2+(yz)^2+1 \leq 3z$. Find the minimum value: $$P=\frac{1}{(x+1)^2}+\frac{8}{(y+3)^2}+\frac{4z^2}{(1+2z)^2}$$
1 reply
1 viewing
giangtruong13
36 minutes ago
sqing
30 minutes ago
Inequalities from SXTX
sqing   10
N 39 minutes ago by sqing
T702. Let $ a,b,c>0 $ and $ a+2b+3c=\sqrt{13}. $ Prove that $$ \sqrt{a^2+1} +2\sqrt{b^2+1} +3\sqrt{c^2+1} \geq 7$$S
T703. Let $ a,b $ be real numbers such that $ a+b\neq 0. $. Find the minimum of $ a^2+b^2+(\frac{1-ab}{a+b} )^2.$
T704. Let $ a,b,c>0 $ and $ a+b+c=3. $ Prove that $$ \frac{a^2+7}{(c+a)(a+b)} + \frac{b^2+7}{(a+b)(b+c)} +\frac{c^2+7}{(b+c)(c+a)}  \geq 6$$S
10 replies
sqing
Feb 18, 2025
sqing
39 minutes ago
Find the value
sqing   3
N 43 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $a,b,c$ be distinct real numbers such that $ \frac{a^2}{(a-b)^2}+ \frac{b^2}{(b-c)^2}+ \frac{c^2}{(c-a)^2} =1. $ Find the value of $\frac{a}{a-b}+ \frac{b}{b-c}+ \frac{c}{c-a}.$
Let $a,b,c$ be distinct real numbers such that $\frac{a^2}{(b-c)^2}+ \frac{b^2}{(c-a)^2}+ \frac{c^2}{(a-b)^2}=2. $ Find the value of $\frac{a}{b-c}+ \frac{b}{c-a}+ \frac{c}{a-b}.$
Let $a,b,c$ be distinct real numbers such that $\frac{(a+b)^2}{(a-b)^2}+ \frac{(b+c)^2}{(b-c)^2}+ \frac{(c+a)^2}{(c-a)^2}=2. $ Find the value of $\frac{a+b}{a-b}+\frac{b+c}{b-c}+ \frac{c+a}{c-a}.$
3 replies
sqing
3 hours ago
sqing
43 minutes ago
Inequality with roots of cubic
Michael Niland   0
an hour ago
The equation $x^3+px+q =0$ has real roots $ a_1 ,a_2 , a_3 $ where $a_1 \leq a_2 \leq a_3$.

Similarly the equation $x^3 +rx +s=0$ has real roots $ b_1, b_2, b_3 $ where $b_1 \leq b_2,\leq b_3$.

Prove that if $ \frac{a_1}{b_1} \leq \frac{a_2}{b_2} \leq \frac{a_3}{b_3}$ (s non zero), then $(\frac{p}{r})^3 =(\frac{q}{s})^2$
0 replies
Michael Niland
an hour ago
0 replies
Kaprekar Number
CSJL   4
N an hour ago by Korean_fish_Kaohsiung
Source: 2025 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 2-N
Let $k$ be a positive integer. A positive integer $n$ is called a $k$-good number if it satisfies
the following two conditions:

1. $n$ has exactly $2k$ digits in decimal representation (it cannot have leading zeros).

2. If the first $k$ digits and the last $k$ digits of $n$ are considered as two separate $k$-digit
numbers (which may have leading zeros), the square of their sum is equal to $n$.

For example, $2025$ is a $2$-good number because
\[(20 + 25)^2 = 2025.\]Find all $3$-good numbers.
4 replies
CSJL
Mar 6, 2025
Korean_fish_Kaohsiung
an hour ago
Functional Inequality Implies Uniform Sign
peace09   30
N an hour ago by Nari_Tom
Source: 2023 ISL A2
Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of real numbers. Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a function such that \[f(x+y)f(x-y)\geqslant f(x)^2-f(y)^2\]for every $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$. Assume that the inequality is strict for some $x_0,y_0\in\mathbb{R}$.

Prove that either $f(x)\geqslant 0$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$ or $f(x)\leqslant 0$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$.
30 replies
1 viewing
peace09
Jul 17, 2024
Nari_Tom
an hour ago
orthogonality
karimeow   0
an hour ago
Given a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD inscribed in the circle (O). Let E and F be the intersections of AD with BC and AC with BD, respectively. Prove that the circle with diameter EF is orthogonal to (O).
0 replies
karimeow
an hour ago
0 replies
Inequality with integers and indices
Michael Niland   0
an hour ago
Without using a calculator, show that $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ $< 3^{\frac{1}{3}}$, and for a positive integer $n\geq3$, prove that

$n^{\frac{1}{n}}$ $>(n+1)^{\frac{1}{n+1}}$.
0 replies
Michael Niland
an hour ago
0 replies
Inequalities
nhathhuyyp5c   3
N 2 hours ago by giangtruong13
Let $a,b,c$ be positive reals such that $a+b+c+2=abc$. Find the maximum value of $$\frac{a+1}{a^2+2}+\frac{b+1}{b^2+2}+\frac{c+1}{c^2+2}$$Given $n\ge 2$ non-zero reals $x_1,x_2,\cdots x_n$ such that their sum is $100$. Prove that there exists two numbers $x_i,x_j$ such that $\frac{1}{2}\le \left|\frac{x_i}{x_j}\right|\le 2$
3 replies
nhathhuyyp5c
Jan 10, 2025
giangtruong13
2 hours ago
Problem 4
teps   73
N 2 hours ago by Nari_Tom
Find all functions $f:\mathbb Z\rightarrow \mathbb Z$ such that, for all integers $a,b,c$ that satisfy $a+b+c=0$, the following equality holds:
\[f(a)^2+f(b)^2+f(c)^2=2f(a)f(b)+2f(b)f(c)+2f(c)f(a).\]
(Here $\mathbb{Z}$ denotes the set of integers.)

Proposed by Liam Baker, South Africa
73 replies
teps
Jul 11, 2012
Nari_Tom
2 hours ago
Reflexive Polynomial
awesomeming327.   2
N 2 hours ago by GoldenFirefly92
Source: CMO 2025
A polynomial $c_dx^d+c_{d-1}x^{d-1}+\dots+c_1x+c_0$ with degree $d$ is reflexive if there is an integer $n\ge d$ such that $c_i=c_{n-i}$ for every $0\le i\le n$, where $c_i=0$ for $i>d$. Let $\ell\ge 2$ be an integer and $p(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Prove that there exist reflexive polynomials $q(x)$, $r(x)$ with integer coefficients such that
\[(1+x+x^2+\dots+x^{\ell-1})p(x)=q(x)+x^\ell r(x)\]
2 replies
awesomeming327.
Mar 7, 2025
GoldenFirefly92
2 hours ago
Problem 1 of Fourth round
Pinko   2
N 2 hours ago by Assassino9931
Source: V International Festival of Young Mathematicians Sozopol 2014, Theme for 10-12 grade
Find all pairs of natural numbers $(m,n)$, for which $m\mid 2^{\varphi(n)} +1$ and $n\mid 2^{\varphi (m)} +1$.
2 replies
Pinko
Oct 13, 2019
Assassino9931
2 hours ago
Inminimumlity
giangtruong13   0
3 hours ago
Let $a,b,c>0$ and $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \leq 3$. Find the minimum: $$A=\sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}$$
0 replies
giangtruong13
3 hours ago
0 replies
Parity of a sum of numerators
utkarshgupta   5
N 3 hours ago by Lemmas
Source: All Russian Olympiad 2015 11.2
Let $n > 1$ be a natural number. We write out the fractions $\frac{1}{n}$, $\frac{2}{n}$, $\dots$ , $\dfrac{n-1}{n}$ such that they are all in their simplest form. Let the sum of the numerators be $f(n)$. For what $n>1$ is one of $f(n)$ and $f(2015n)$ odd, but the other is even?
5 replies
utkarshgupta
Dec 11, 2015
Lemmas
3 hours ago
I dare you to solve this question
Mathkiddie   21
N Feb 2, 2024 by SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Hi people, I dare you to solve this insanely hard question I came up with:

Given \begin{align*}x^2+xy+y^2&=25,\\ x^2+xz+z^2&=49,\\ y^2+yz+z^2&=64\\\end{align*}find $xy+xz+yz$. Please put your solution in [code]Click to reveal hidden text[/code] tags so you don't spoil the solution for others (I think this is a really nice problem!)
21 replies
Mathkiddie
Jan 30, 2024
SomeonecoolLovesMaths
Feb 2, 2024
I dare you to solve this question
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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Mathkiddie
322 posts
#1 • 1 Y
Y by Spiritpalm
Hi people, I dare you to solve this insanely hard question I came up with:

Given \begin{align*}x^2+xy+y^2&=25,\\ x^2+xz+z^2&=49,\\ y^2+yz+z^2&=64\\\end{align*}find $xy+xz+yz$. Please put your solution in
[hide][/hide]
tags so you don't spoil the solution for others (I think this is a really nice problem!)
Z K Y
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eduD_looC
6609 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by Spiritpalm
Click to reveal hidden text
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northstar47
330 posts
#3
Y by
eduD_looC wrote:
Click to reveal hidden text

...what explain pls im stupid
Z K Y
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ostriches88
1524 posts
#4
Y by
sol (cheese sorry)
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ostriches88
1524 posts
#5
Y by
eduD_looC wrote:
Click to reveal hidden text

epic geo proof but answer is negative </3
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paganiniana
211 posts
#6
Y by
ostriches88 wrote:
sol (cheese sorry)

i used similar solution but i got Click to reveal hidden text

same answer anyways
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ostriches88
1524 posts
#7
Y by
paganiniana wrote:
ostriches88 wrote:
sol (cheese sorry)

i used similar solution but i got Click to reveal hidden text

same answer anyways

yeah that works too since the parity of $x^2$ and $z^2$ don't depend on the parity of $x$ and $z$ so really just $xz$ needs to be negative meaning that either $x$ or $z$ can be the negative, which somehow i didn't realize lol
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Mathkiddie
322 posts
#8
Y by
@eduD_looC congratulations click me is correct (I used the same method as you!) @ostriches88 close, you used a really clever method though. I'll probably reveal my solution tomorow.
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Mathkiddie
322 posts
#9
Y by
tbh this problem looks like something that would appear on the AIME exam
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fruitmonster97
2389 posts
#10
Y by
Cool Problem
Why is this wrong?
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Mathkiddie
322 posts
#11
Y by
@fruitmonster97 Can you explain how you got $\frac{(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2}{2}=138-2a$?
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ethanzhang1001
1070 posts
#12
Y by
Actually, both answers of 40 and -40 are correct.
Sure, 40 works, but -40 also works. (5, 0, -8) satisfies the equations, so it must be an answer.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ethanzhang1001, Jan 30, 2024, 4:02 AM
Reason: typo
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aleyang
192 posts
#13
Y by
i smell law of cosines
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VeritasTian
3128 posts
#14
Y by
why does it cinda familiar
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SomeonecoolLovesMaths
3131 posts
#15
Y by
eduD_looC wrote:
Click to reveal hidden text

How did you get this? Can you please show your working?
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fruitmonster97
2389 posts
#16
Y by
Mathkiddie wrote:
@fruitmonster97 Can you explain how you got $\frac{(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2}{2}=138-2a$?
Stuff

Edit: This problem is very similar to 2005 Mildorf Mock AIME #10
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by fruitmonster97, Jan 30, 2024, 6:28 PM
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Mathkiddie
322 posts
#17 • 1 Y
Y by ESAOPS
Guys, I'm going to reveal the solution (however, you can continue trying to solve this problem without looking at it!). Solution Also @fruitmonster97, this problem is really similar to that lol
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Maheshwarananda
259 posts
#18
Y by
Yes, but we do not know if $x,y,z$ can be or not distances, i.e. they are positive or not
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SomeonecoolLovesMaths
3131 posts
#19
Y by
Mathkiddie wrote:
Solution
Can someone help me with this part?
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Maheshwarananda
259 posts
#20
Y by
Sure:
We write the cosine law in triangles $PAB,PBC,PCA$ $\cos (\widehat{APB})=\frac{{{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}-25}{2xy}=\frac{-xy}{2xy}=-\frac{1}{2}$.
$\cos (\widehat{BPC})=\frac{{{y}^{2}}+{{z}^{2}}-64}{2yz}=\frac{-yz}{2yz}=-\frac{1}{2}$, $\cos (\widehat{APC})=\frac{{{x}^{2}}+{{z}^{2}}-25}{2xz}=\frac{-xz}{2xz}=-\frac{1}{2}$. Hence$\widehat{APB}=\widehat{BPC}=\widehat{CPA}=120{}^\circ $.
$T=T(ABC)=T(APB)+T(BPC)+T(CPA)$. $T(APB)=\frac{xy\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2},T(BPC)=\frac{yz\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2},$$T(CPA)=\frac{xz\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2}$. So $T=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(xy+yz+zx)$. Using Heron formula we have $T=\sqrt{p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)}=10\sqrt{3}$, because $a=8,b=7,c=5$. Hence $10\sqrt{3}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(xy+yz+zx)$, i.e. $xy+yz+zx=40$.
(T= area)
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Maheshwarananda, Feb 1, 2024, 5:25 AM
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ostriches88
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#21
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@Mathkiddie i tried the LoC solution and got 40 as the answer, but I remember from doing problems similar to this that you have to check for parity, and so I tried a different solution and got -40.

if 40 is your answer, what are your values of $x, y, z$? because $(-5, 0, 8)$ and $(5, 0, -8)$ both work and give an answer of $-40$ so maybe there are two possible answers?
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by ostriches88, Feb 1, 2024, 4:04 PM
Reason: edited for clarity. solutions -> answers
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SomeonecoolLovesMaths
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#22
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Maheshwarananda wrote:
Sure:
We write the cosine law in triangles $PAB,PBC,PCA$ $\cos (\widehat{APB})=\frac{{{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}-25}{2xy}=\frac{-xy}{2xy}=-\frac{1}{2}$.
$\cos (\widehat{BPC})=\frac{{{y}^{2}}+{{z}^{2}}-64}{2yz}=\frac{-yz}{2yz}=-\frac{1}{2}$, $\cos (\widehat{APC})=\frac{{{x}^{2}}+{{z}^{2}}-25}{2xz}=\frac{-xz}{2xz}=-\frac{1}{2}$. Hence$\widehat{APB}=\widehat{BPC}=\widehat{CPA}=120{}^\circ $.
$T=T(ABC)=T(APB)+T(BPC)+T(CPA)$. $T(APB)=\frac{xy\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2},T(BPC)=\frac{yz\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2},$$T(CPA)=\frac{xz\sin {{120}^{\circ }}}{2}$. So $T=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(xy+yz+zx)$. Using Heron formula we have $T=\sqrt{p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)}=10\sqrt{3}$, because $a=8,b=7,c=5$. Hence $10\sqrt{3}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(xy+yz+zx)$, i.e. $xy+yz+zx=40$.
(T= area)

Wow! Thanks a lot!
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