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k a July Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jwelsh   0
Jul 1, 2025
We are halfway through summer, so be sure to carve out some time to keep your skills sharp and explore challenging topics at AoPS Online and our AoPS Academies (including the Virtual Campus)!

[list][*]Over 60 summer classes are starting at the Virtual Campus on July 7th - check out the math and language arts options for middle through high school levels.
[*]At AoPS Online, we have accelerated sections where you can complete a course in half the time by meeting twice/week instead of once/week, starting on July 8th:
[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
[*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
[*]AMC Problem Series[/list]
[*]Plus, AoPS Online has a special seminar July 14 - 17 that is outside the standard fare: Paradoxes and Infinity
[*]We are expanding our in-person AoPS Academy locations - are you looking for a strong community of problem solvers, exemplary instruction, and math and language arts options? Look to see if we have a location near you and enroll in summer camps or academic year classes today! New locations include campuses in California, Georgia, New York, Illinois, and Oregon and more coming soon![/list]

MOP (Math Olympiad Summer Program) just ended and the IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) is right around the corner! This year’s IMO will be held in Australia, July 10th - 20th. Congratulations to all the MOP students for reaching this incredible level and best of luck to all selected to represent their countries at this year’s IMO! Did you know that, in the last 10 years, 59 USA International Math Olympiad team members have medaled and have taken over 360 AoPS Online courses. Take advantage of our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training (WOOT) courses
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Are you tired of the heat and thinking about Fall? You can plan your Fall schedule now with classes at either AoPS Online, AoPS Academy Virtual Campus, or one of our AoPS Academies around the US.

Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
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0 replies
jwelsh
Jul 1, 2025
0 replies
MATHCOUNTS Geometry Problem
Owinner   1
N a minute ago by Owinner
This problem is the MATHCOUNTS 2019 Chapter Sprint #29. I have solved it before using mass points and area techniques, but that was after many failures. I actually tried it recently, and I wasn't able to do it. I would like to know if there is another solution instead of mass points. A solution using mass points is fine as well.
1 reply
Owinner
Today at 3:33 AM
Owinner
a minute ago
Khan Academy vs. MSM vs. Alcumus
a.zvezda   11
N 9 minutes ago by ZMB038
Which one is best for AMC8 prep? I want to improve geo and algebra and some C&P.
11 replies
a.zvezda
4 hours ago
ZMB038
9 minutes ago
9 MathDash
booking   45
N 10 minutes ago by Rice_Farmer
If you pay for MathDash, specifically lessons, could you please give feedback below?
45 replies
booking
Jul 6, 2025
Rice_Farmer
10 minutes ago
My First Math Tournament
dragnin   30
N 16 minutes ago by sadas123
I'm back with a 2nd math story! :jump: Do you remember your first math competition? Was it scary? :noo: Did you brag a lot after it even though you were probably not as smart as you say? :flex: I think we all improved a lot since then! :icecream:
Click to reveal hidden text
Epilogue:
Click to reveal hidden text

Here is my other story if anyone is interested: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3t968896f3h2640331_the_best_day_of_my_life_so_far_an_inspiring_story

Thank you for reading!

30 replies
+1 w
dragnin
Sep 12, 2021
sadas123
16 minutes ago
Shaded Squares in k Rows Occupy k Columns
Viliciri   0
3 hours ago
A rectangular grid has $m$ rows and $n$ columns, with $1 < m \leq n$. At least $m$ squares of this grid are shaded such that for all $1 \leq k \leq m$, the collection of shaded squares in any $k$ rows of this grid together occupy at least $k$ columns. For example, the following grid is not a valid shading because the shaded cells in three rows -- the $1$st, $3$rd, and $4$th rows -- only occupy two columns, namely columns $2$ and $3$.
IMAGE
Prove that it is possible to choose $1$ shaded square from each of the $m$ rows in this grid such that no two chosen squares lie in the same column.
0 replies
Viliciri
3 hours ago
0 replies
10 Problems
Sedro   60
N 4 hours ago by Sedro
Title says most of it. I've been meaning to post a problem set on HSM since at least a few months ago, but since I proposed the most recent problems I made to the 2025 SSMO, I had to wait for that happen. (Hence, most of these problems will probably be familiar if you participated in that contest, though numbers and wording may be changed.) The problems are very roughly arranged by difficulty. Enjoy!

Problem 1: An sequence of positive integers $u_1, u_2, \dots, u_8$ has the property for every positive integer $n\le 8$, its $n^\text{th}$ term is greater than the mean of the first $n-1$ terms, and the sum of its first $n$ terms is a multiple of $n$. Let $S$ be the number of such sequences satisfying $u_1+u_2+\cdots + u_8 = 144$. Compute the remainder when $S$ is divided by $1000$.

Problem 2 (solved by fruitmonster97): Rhombus $PQRS$ has side length $3$. Point $X$ lies on segment $PR$ such that line $QX$ is perpendicular to line $PS$. Given that $QX=2$, the area of $PQRS$ can be expressed as $\tfrac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $m+n$.

Problem 3 (solved by Math-lover1): Positive integers $a$ and $b$ satisfy $a\mid b^2$, $b\mid a^3$, and $a^3b^2 \mid 2025^{36}$. If the number of possible ordered pairs $(a,b)$ is equal to $N$, compute the remainder when $N$ is divided by $1000$.

Problem 4 (solved by CubeAlgo15): Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Point $P$ lies on side $BC$, point $Q$ lies on side $AB$, and point $R$ lies on side $AC$ such that $PQ=BQ$, $CR=PR$, and $\angle APB<90^\circ$. Let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$. Given that $BP=3$, $CP=5$, and $[AQPR] = \tfrac{3}{7} \cdot [ABC]$, the value of $BH\cdot CH$ can be expressed as $\tfrac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $m+n$.

Problem 5 (solved by maromex): Anna has a three-term arithmetic sequence of integers. She divides each term of her sequence by a positive integer $n>1$ and tells Bob that the three resulting remainders are $20$, $52$, and $R$, in some order. For how many values of $R$ is it possible for Bob to uniquely determine $n$?

Problem 6 (solved by Mathsll-enjoy): There is a unique ordered triple of positive reals $(x,y,z)$ satisfying the system of equations \begin{align*} x^2 + 9 &= (y-\sqrt{192})^2 + 4 \\ y^2 + 4 &= (z-\sqrt{192})^2 + 49 \\ z^2 + 49 &= (x-\sqrt{192})^2 + 9. \end{align*}The value of $100x+10y+z$ can be expressed as $p\sqrt{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are positive integers such that $q$ is square-free. Compute $p+q$.

Problem 7 (solved by sami1618): Let $S$ be the set of all monotonically increasing six-term sequences whose terms are all integers between $0$ and $6$ inclusive. We say a sequence $s=n_1, n_2, \dots, n_6$ in $S$ is symmetric if for every integer $1\le i \le 6$, the number of terms of $s$ that are at least $i$ is $n_{7-i}$. The probability that a randomly chosen element of $S$ is symmetric is $\tfrac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $p+q$.

Problem 8: For a positive integer $n$, let $r(n)$ denote the value of the binary number obtained by reading the binary representation of $n$ from right to left. Find the smallest positive integer $k$ such that the equation $n+r(n)=2k$ has at least ten positive integer solutions $n$.

Problem 9 (solved by Math-lover1, sami1618): Let $p$ be a quadratic polynomial with a positive leading coefficient. There exists a positive real number $r$ such that $r < 1 < \tfrac{5}{2r} < 5$ and $p(p(x)) = x$ for $x \in \{ r,1,  \tfrac{5}{2r} , 5\}$. Compute $p(20)$.

Problem 10 (solved by aaravdodhia, sami1618): Find the number of ordered triples of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that $a+b+c=995$ and $ab+bc+ca$ is a multiple of $995$.
60 replies
Sedro
Jul 10, 2025
Sedro
4 hours ago
f^(f(n))(n)=n over [10], # of solutions (ARML 2021 I-8)
jasperE3   4
N 4 hours ago by torch
For a given function $f$, define $f^1(x)=f(x)$, and for $k\ge2$, define
$$f^k(x)=f(f^{k-1}(x)).$$For example, $f^3(x)=f(f(f(x)))$. Of the $10!$ functions $g$ whose domain and range are the set $S=\{1,2,3,\ldots,10\}$, compute the number of functions such that $g^{g(n)}(n)=n$ for all $n\in S$.
4 replies
jasperE3
Jun 7, 2021
torch
4 hours ago
Beautiful geo
justalonelyguy   5
N 4 hours ago by sami1618
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be an acute triangle with \( AB < AC \). The internal angle bisectors of angles \( \angle ABC \) and \( \angle ACB \) intersect at point \( I \). Let \( D \) be the feet of the perpendicular from \( I \) to \( BC \). Let points \( K \) and \( L \) lie on segments \( IB \) and \( IC \), respectively, such that \( \angle KDL = 90^\circ \). Prove that \[
    \angle KAL = \frac{1}{2} \angle BAC.
    \]
5 replies
justalonelyguy
Jul 28, 2025
sami1618
4 hours ago
Geometry Problem
Rice_Farmer   6
N 4 hours ago by Rice_Farmer
Let $w_1$ ad $w_2$ be two circles intersecting at $P$ and $Q.$ The tangent like closer to $Q$ touches $w_1$ and $w_2$ at $M$ and $N$ respectively. If $PQ=3,NQ=2,$ and $MN=PN,$ find $QM.$

hint
6 replies
Rice_Farmer
Today at 3:09 AM
Rice_Farmer
4 hours ago
Challenge: Make as many positive integers from 2 zeros
Biglion   48
N 5 hours ago by huajun78
How many positive integers can you make from at most 2 zeros, any math operation and cocatination?
New Rule: The successor function can only be used at most 3 times per number
Starting from 0, 0=0
48 replies
Biglion
Jul 2, 2025
huajun78
5 hours ago
If OAB and OAC share equal angles and sides, why aren't they congruent?
Merkane   1
N 6 hours ago by nudinhtien

Problem 1.39 (CGMO 2012/5). Let ABC be a triangle. The incircle of ABC is tangent
to AB and AC at D and E respectively. Let O denote the circumcenter of BCI .
Prove that ∠ODB = ∠OEC. Hints: 643 89 Sol: p.241

While I have solved the problem, I encountered a step that seems logically sound but leads to a contradiction, and I would like help identifying the flaw.

Here is the reasoning I followed:

The quadrilateral ABOC is cyclic.

OB = OC.

∠OAB = ∠OCB.
Similarly, ∠OAC = ∠OBC.

From symmetry and the above, it seems that ∠OAB = ∠OAC.

Since OA is a shared side, I concluded that triangle OAB ≅ triangle OAC.


But clearly, OAB and OAC are not congruent.
Where exactly is the logical error in this argument?
1 reply
Merkane
Today at 4:33 AM
nudinhtien
6 hours ago
Limit of a sequence defined by recurrence and exponential factor
JackMinhHieu   2
N Today at 3:02 PM by JackMinhHieu
Hi everyone,

I came across this interesting sequence defined recursively and wanted to explore its behavior.

Let the sequence (x_n) be defined by:
    x_1 = sqrt(2)
    x_{n+1} = sqrt(2*x_n / (1 + x_n)) for all n >= 1

Define another sequence:
    y_n = 4^n * (1 - 1 / x_n^2)

Question:
Does the sequence (y_n) converge? If so, what is its limit?

Any ideas, observations, or rigorous arguments would be very welcome. Thanks in advance!
2 replies
JackMinhHieu
Today at 9:31 AM
JackMinhHieu
Today at 3:02 PM
Crazy Dice
radioactiverascal90210   2
N Today at 2:59 PM by radioactiverascal90210
A pair of crazy dice are two cubes labeled with integers such that they are not labeled with the same numbers as an ordinary pair of dice , but the probability of rolling any number with the pair of crazy dice is the same as
rolling it with ordinary dice. Find a pair of crazy dice.
2 replies
radioactiverascal90210
Today at 8:16 AM
radioactiverascal90210
Today at 2:59 PM
S(n)=24,S(n^2)=9
whwlqkd   2
N Today at 2:54 PM by whwlqkd
Does there exist positive integer $n$ such that $S(n)=24$ and $S(n^2)=9$ where $S(n)$ is the digit sum of $n$?. I dont even know whether it is unsolved problem or not. And what about $S(n)=3k$,$S(n^2)=9$?
2 replies
whwlqkd
Today at 5:41 AM
whwlqkd
Today at 2:54 PM
Personal Modulo Problem (Title: Encrypted Code)
PikaVee   2
N Jun 5, 2025 by Yihangzh
3 Pokemon each have they own number to use on a part of a lock. Star the Pikachu has the number 87, Luna the Eevee has the number 92, and Aero the Mew has the number 79. A part of their code is found in the expression $C \equiv (3S+5L-2A) \bmod 101$.

To double check if it is right then it needs to follow $C \equiv 5 \bmod 8$ and $C \equiv 3 \bmod 11$. If it does follow it then you need to find the sum of the coefficients with the code the code itself, but if not replace the sum of the coefficients with the lowest possible sum of coefficients where $X+Y+Z+C$ in $(XZ+YL-ZA) \bmod 101$ where X, Y, and Z are positive integers more than 0.

Solution
2 replies
PikaVee
Jun 4, 2025
Yihangzh
Jun 5, 2025
Personal Modulo Problem (Title: Encrypted Code)
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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PikaVee
22 posts
#1
Y by
3 Pokemon each have they own number to use on a part of a lock. Star the Pikachu has the number 87, Luna the Eevee has the number 92, and Aero the Mew has the number 79. A part of their code is found in the expression $C \equiv (3S+5L-2A) \bmod 101$.

To double check if it is right then it needs to follow $C \equiv 5 \bmod 8$ and $C \equiv 3 \bmod 11$. If it does follow it then you need to find the sum of the coefficients with the code the code itself, but if not replace the sum of the coefficients with the lowest possible sum of coefficients where $X+Y+Z+C$ in $(XZ+YL-ZA) \bmod 101$ where X, Y, and Z are positive integers more than 0.

Solution
Z K Y
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Yihangzh
1561 posts
#2
Y by
Solution
Z K Y
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Yihangzh
1561 posts
#3
Y by
Yihangzh wrote:
Solution

oof, I'm so dumb, just realized my mistake
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
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a