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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Inequalities
sqing   5
N a minute ago by sqing
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $ a^2+b^2+c^2=1. $ Prove that$$ |a-b|+|b-2c|+|c-3a|\leq 5$$$$|a-2b|+|b-3c|+|c-4a|\leq \sqrt{42}$$$$ |a-b|+|b-\frac{11}{10}c|+|c-a|\leq \frac{29}{10}$$
5 replies
1 viewing
sqing
Tuesday at 5:05 AM
sqing
a minute ago
Complex Numbers Question
franklin2013   3
N 14 minutes ago by KSH31415
Hello everyone! This is one of my favorite complex numbers questions. Have fun!

$f(z)=z^{720}-z^{120}$. How many complex numbers $z$ are there such that $|z|=1$ and $f(z)$ is an integer.

Hint
3 replies
franklin2013
Apr 20, 2025
KSH31415
14 minutes ago
Find the smallest of sum of elements
hlminh   0
24 minutes ago
Let $S=\{1,2,...,2014\}$ and $X=\{a_1,a_2,...,a_{30}\}$ is a subset of $S$ such that if $a,b\in X,a+b\leq 2014$ then $a+b\in X.$ Find the smallest of $\dfrac{a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_{30}}{30}.$
0 replies
hlminh
24 minutes ago
0 replies
Easy IMO 2023 NT
799786   133
N an hour ago by Maximilian113
Source: IMO 2023 P1
Determine all composite integers $n>1$ that satisfy the following property: if $d_1$, $d_2$, $\ldots$, $d_k$ are all the positive divisors of $n$ with $1 = d_1 < d_2 < \cdots < d_k = n$, then $d_i$ divides $d_{i+1} + d_{i+2}$ for every $1 \leq i \leq k - 2$.
133 replies
799786
Jul 8, 2023
Maximilian113
an hour ago
Complicated FE
XAN4   2
N an hour ago by cazanova19921
Source: own
Find all solutions for the functional equation $f(xyz)+\sum_{cyc}f(\frac{yz}x)=f(x)\cdot f(y)\cdot f(z)$, in which $f$: $\mathbb R^+\rightarrow\mathbb R^+$
Note: the solution is actually quite obvious - $f(x)=x^n+\frac1{x^n}$, but the proof is important.
Note 2: it is likely that the result can be generalized into a more advanced questions, potentially involving more bash.
2 replies
XAN4
Yesterday at 11:53 AM
cazanova19921
an hour ago
Inequalities
sqing   28
N an hour ago by sqing
Let $   a,b    $ be reals such that $  a^2+ab+b^2 =3$ . Prove that
$$ \frac{4}{ 3}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+5 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+5 }+ab \geq -\frac{11}{4 }$$$$ \frac{13}{ 4}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+5 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+5 }+ab \geq -\frac{2}{3 }$$$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq  \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }+ab \geq -\frac{17}{6 }$$$$ \frac{19}{ 6}\geq  \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2}$$Let $   a,b    $ be reals such that $  a^2-ab+b^2 =1 $ . Prove that
$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+3 }+ab \geq \frac{4}{15 }$$$$ \frac{14}{ 15}\geq \frac{1}{ a^2+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^2+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2 }$$$$ \frac{3}{ 2}\geq \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }+ab \geq \frac{13}{42 }$$$$ \frac{41}{ 42}\geq \frac{1}{ a^4+3 }+ \frac{1}{ b^4+3 }-ab \geq -\frac{1}{2 }$$
28 replies
sqing
Apr 16, 2025
sqing
an hour ago
Cute diophantine
TestX01   0
an hour ago
Find all sequences of four consecutive integers such that twice their product is perfect square minus nine.
0 replies
TestX01
an hour ago
0 replies
\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\geq a^2+\sqrt{a+ b^2} \geq \frac{1}{4}
sqing   1
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $a,b\geq  0 $ and $3a+4b =1 .$ Prove that
$$\frac{2}{3}\geq a +\sqrt{a^2+ 4b^2}\geq  \frac{6}{13}$$$$\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\geq a^2+\sqrt{a+ b^2} \geq  \frac{1}{4}$$$$2\geq a+\sqrt{a^2+16b} \geq  \frac{2}{3}\geq  a+\sqrt{a^2+16b^3} \geq  \frac{2(725-8\sqrt{259})}{729}$$
1 reply
sqing
Oct 3, 2023
sqing
an hour ago
Stronger inequality than an old result
KhuongTrang   22
N 2 hours ago by KhuongTrang
Source: own, inspired
Problem. Find the best constant $k$ satisfying $$(ab+bc+ca)\left[\frac{1}{(a+b)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(b+c)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(c+a)^{2}}\right]\ge \frac{9}{4}+k\cdot\frac{a(a-b)(a-c)+b(b-a)(b-c)+c(c-a)(c-b)}{(a+b+c)^{3}}$$holds for all $a,b,c\ge 0: ab+bc+ca>0.$
22 replies
KhuongTrang
Aug 1, 2024
KhuongTrang
2 hours ago
Something nice
KhuongTrang   26
N 2 hours ago by KhuongTrang
Source: own
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
26 replies
KhuongTrang
Nov 1, 2023
KhuongTrang
2 hours ago
IMO 2012/5 Mockup
v_Enhance   27
N 2 hours ago by Ilikeminecraft
Source: USA December TST for IMO 2013, Problem 3
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with $\angle BCA = 90^{\circ}$, and let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$. Let $X$ be a point in the interior of the segment $CD$. Let $K$ be the point on the segment $AX$ such that $BK = BC$. Similarly, let $L$ be the point on the segment $BX$ such that $AL = AC$. The circumcircle of triangle $DKL$ intersects segment $AB$ at a second point $T$ (other than $D$). Prove that $\angle ACT = \angle BCT$.
27 replies
1 viewing
v_Enhance
Jul 30, 2013
Ilikeminecraft
2 hours ago
x_1x_2...x_(n+1)-1 is divisible by an odd prime
ABCDE   53
N 2 hours ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: 2015 IMO Shortlist N3
Let $m$ and $n$ be positive integers such that $m>n$. Define $x_k=\frac{m+k}{n+k}$ for $k=1,2,\ldots,n+1$. Prove that if all the numbers $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_{n+1}$ are integers, then $x_1x_2\ldots x_{n+1}-1$ is divisible by an odd prime.
53 replies
ABCDE
Jul 7, 2016
cursed_tangent1434
2 hours ago
hard binomial sum
PRMOisTheHardestExam   7
N 3 hours ago by P162008
Find
\[ \frac{\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^r \binom nk \binom{n-2k}{r-k}}{\displaystyle\sum_{k=r}^n \binom nk \binom{2k}{2r}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^{n-k}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2k-2r}}\]\
where $n \ge 2r$.
Options: 1/2, 1, 2, none.
7 replies
1 viewing
PRMOisTheHardestExam
Mar 6, 2023
P162008
3 hours ago
can anyone solve this
averageguy   8
N 4 hours ago by Bole
Hi guys,
For some reason I can't think of a simple way to solve this problem. Is there anyway you guys can think of without trig or if it does have trig something elegant. Answer is 106 btw.
8 replies
averageguy
Dec 26, 2024
Bole
4 hours ago
right triangles. same perimeter & area (2016 Kurchatov Olympiad 11 p1 - Russia)
parmenides51   13
N Feb 15, 2023 by Richie
Two right-angled triangles have the same area and perimeter. Is it obligatory are these triangles congruent?
13 replies
parmenides51
Mar 8, 2021
Richie
Feb 15, 2023
right triangles. same perimeter & area (2016 Kurchatov Olympiad 11 p1 - Russia)
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parmenides51
30630 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by son7, ImSh95
Two right-angled triangles have the same area and perimeter. Is it obligatory are these triangles congruent?
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by parmenides51, Mar 8, 2021, 3:56 PM
Reason: replaced equal with congruent to be more specific
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eduD_looC
6610 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
No. I remember there was an AMC 12 question that kinda disproved this.

oops this is right triangles nvm
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by eduD_looC, Mar 8, 2021, 3:55 PM
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themathboi101
913 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
What do you mean by “equal”
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parmenides51
30630 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by themathboi101, ImSh95
equal triangles means congruent ones
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by parmenides51, Mar 8, 2021, 3:55 PM
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HamstPan38825
8857 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
According to WA I'm not getting anything that looks like a good counterexample.
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ezpotd
1261 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
Consider two right triangles with area $\frac{1}{2}$, since scaling up area by some amount will scale perimeter by the square root of that amount, if the perimeters are unequal, they will still be unequal after a scale. Then the perimeter of a triangle that has side length $x \leq 1$ is $x + \frac{1}{x} + \sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}$. If we can prove that the derivative is positive or negative for the entire interval $0,1$, we will be done.

$1 - \frac{1}{x^2} + \frac{x - \frac{1}{x^3}}{\sqrt{x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}}}$. We can now just prove $1 \leq \frac{1}{x^2}, x \leq \frac{1}{x^3}$, both of which are trivial given $x \leq 1$. Therefore, there exists no noncongruent right triangles with the same area and perimeter.
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sotpidot
290 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by ImSh95, Mango247
Since the area of a right triangle is directly correlated to the lengths of its legs, this is the same as saying:

If $a + b = c + d$ and $ab = cd$ with $a \leq b$ and $c \leq d$, then $a=c$ and $b=d$.

This is obviously true (simple algebra if you want to be rigorous), so the triangles are congruent.

Edit: sniped again rip
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by sotpidot, Mar 8, 2021, 4:36 PM
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parmenides51
30630 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by HWenslawski, ImSh95
@above, your idea takes for granted that they have the same hypotenuse which is not given (at all cases)
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by parmenides51, Mar 8, 2021, 5:26 PM
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10000th User
3049 posts
#9 • 17 Y
Y by samrocksnature, jhu08, gnidoc, megarnie, fuzimiao2013, centslordm, mod_x, ObjectZ, pog, HWenslawski, ImSh95, rg_ryse, ultimate_life_form, aidan0626, Mango247, Spiritpalm, Luckydragon21
The perimeter equation should be $a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=c+d+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}$.
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AKS_9_54_61
332 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by HWenslawski, ImSh95
So I assumed two right triangles with hypotenuses $a,b$ and one angle $x,y$ and simplified using those conditions and got this equation

$\cos(0.5 (x - y)) (\cos(x) + \sin(x) - \cos(y) - \sin(y)) + \cos(0.5 (x + y)) (\sin(x) + \cos(y) - \sin(y) - \cos(x)) = 0$

Now Geoegbra suggests, it does have non-trivial solutions idk
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donian9265
541 posts
#12 • 3 Y
Y by megarnie, HWenslawski, ImSh95
I don't see anything wrong with this solution which I think is rigorous and fairly straight forward but maybe somebody else can point out a flaw.
solution
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Blahblah009
296 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
$$                      $$
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isache
439 posts
#14
Y by
This is easy, take the 5-12-13 and 6-8-10 triangles.
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Richie
1598 posts
#15
Y by
parmenides51 wrote:
Two right-angled triangles have the same area and perimeter. Is it obligatory are these triangles congruent?

We know in-radius $r=\frac{\triangle}{s}$.
Since both the right angled triangles have same area and perimeter we can say the in-radii are equal too.
We know that the in-radius of a right angled triangle is $\frac{l+b-h}{2}$, where $h$ is the hypotenuse.
Let the two legs and the hypotenuse of the two triangles be $a,b,c$ and $x,y,z$ respectively where $c$ and $z$ are the hypotenuses.
We have perimeter equal, so $a+b+c=x+y+z$ ----(i)
Again in-radii are equal, so $a+b-c=x+y-z$-----(ii)
And finally areas are equal, so $ab=xy$ ----(iii)
Doing equation (i)-(ii), we get $2c=2z$, which implies $c=z$
Since $c=z$ and perimeters are same, we get $a+b=x+y$
As the hypotenuses are equal we have $a^2+b^2=x^2+y^2$
And being area same we already know $ab=xy$
So we have $a^2+b^2-2ab=x^2+y^2-2xy$
Hence $(a-b)^2=(x-y)^2$. This implies $a-b=x-y$. Assuming $a>b$ and $x>y$
We have $a+b=x+y$ and $a-b=x-y$. Adding and subtracting these two we get $a=x$ and $b=y$.
Game over. :thumbup:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Richie, Feb 15, 2023, 12:56 PM
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