ELMO 2014 SL G8

by Wolstenholme, Aug 1, 2014, 9:43 PM

In triangle $ ABC $ with incenter $ I $ and circumcenter $ O $, let $ A',B',C' $ be the points of tangency of its circumcircle with its $ A,B,C $-mixtilinear circles, respectively. Let $ \omega_A $ be the circle through $ A' $ that is tangent to $ AI $ at $ I $, and define $ \omega_B, \omega_C $ similarly. Prove that $ \omega_A,\omega_B,\omega_C $ have a common point $ X $ other than $ I $.

Proof:

Lemma 1: If $ X $, $ Y $ are the tangency points of the $ A $-mixtilinear incircle with $ AB, AC $ respectively then $ I $ is the midpoint of $ XY $.

Proof: This is a well-known result, and moreover can be proved immediately with a limiting case of Sawayama's Theorem, but I shall provide a more elementary proof. Let $ B_2, C_2 $ be the midpoints of arcs $ CA, AB $ respectively. Then by Archimedes' Lemma we have that $ A', X, C_2 $ and $ A', Y, B_2 $ are collinear. Then by Pascal's Theorem on hexagon $ A'C_{2}CABB_{2} $ we have that $ X, I, Y $ are collinear. But since $ AX = AY $ and $ AI \perp XY $ this immediately implies the desired result.

Lemma 2: If $ A_1 $ denotes the midpoint of arc $ BAC $ then $ A', I, A_1 $ are collinear

Proof: Consider the homothety centered at $ A' $ that takes the $ A $-mixtilinear incircle to the circumcircle of triangle $ ABC $. This takes $ X $ to $ C_2 $ and $ Y $ to $ B _2 $ so by Lemma 1 it takes $ I $ to $ M $, the midpoint of $ B_{2}C_{2} $. So it suffices to show that $ A_1, I, M $ are collinear. Some quick angle-chasing yields the fact that $ A_{1}C_{2}IB_{2} $ is a parallelogram which implies the desired result.

Now, taking the inversion centered at $ I $ with radius $ \sqrt {A'I * A_{1}I} = \sqrt {B'I * B_{1}I} = \sqrt {C'I * C_{1}I} $, we have that $ \omega_A $ is mapped to the line parallel to $ AI $ passing through the reflection of $ A_1 $ over $ I $. We obtain two similar lines for $ B $ and $ C $. Now, reflect all three lines about $ I $.

So, letting $ l_A $ be the line through $ A_1 $ parallel to $ AI $ and defining $ l_B, l_C $ similarly it suffices to show that these three lines concur at the circumcenter of the excentral triangle of triangle $ ABC $. Let $ I_A, I_B, I_C $ be the $ A, B, C $-excenters of triangle $ ABC $ respectively. It is well-known that $ A_1 $ is the midpoint of $ I_{B}I_{C} $ and that $ AI \perp I_{B}I_{C} $ so $ l_A $ is the perpendicular bisector of $ I_{B}I_{C} $. This immediately implies the desired result, and so we are done.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Wolstenholme, Aug 1, 2014, 9:45 PM

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