IMO 2012 #5

by Wolstenholme, Oct 29, 2014, 1:59 PM

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle BCA=90^{\circ}$, and let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$. Let $X$ be a point in the interior of the segment $CD$. Let $K$ be the point on the segment $AX$ such that $BK=BC$. Similarly, let $L$ be the point on the segment $BX$ such that $AL=AC$. Let $M$ be the point of intersection of $AL$ and $BK$.

Show that $MK=ML$.

Proof:

Let $ \omega_A $ be the circle with center $ A $ that passes through $ C $ and let $ \omega_B $ be the circle with center $ B $ that passes through $ C $. Clearly $ K \in \omega_B $ and $ L \in \omega_A $. Let $ AK $ intersect $ \omega_B $ again at $ K' $ and let $ BL $ intersect $ \omega_A $ again at $ L' $. Since $ X $ is on the radical axis of $ \omega_A $ and $ \omega_B $ we have that $ XK' \cdot XK = XL' \cdot XL $ so by Power of a Point quadrilateral $ KLK'L' $ is cyclic. Call its circumcircle $ \omega $ and denote its circumcenter by $ O $.

Now it is clear that $ (B, X; L, L') = -1 $ so $ X $ lies on the polar of $ B $ with respect to $ \omega $. Moreover since clearly $ OB \perp KK' $ we have that $ AX $ is the polar of $ B $ with respect to $ \omega $. Therefore $ MK $ is tangent to $ \omega $ and similarly $ ML $ is tangent to $ \omega $ so we immediately have $ MK = ML $ as desired.

Motivation:

Now, I want to discuss the motivation for this solution, because with this motivation I solved this problem in literally $ 10 $ minutes. So first, the length conditions are kind of bad so the constructions of $ \omega_A $ and $ \omega_B $ are natural (in fact, this construction appears often in problems with right triangles). Then since $ X $ is on the radical axis of these two circles, the construction of $\omega $ is quite motivated as well. If you've drawn a good diagram, the key tangents should then be evident and now given the amount of tangents to circles in the diagram, working with projective geometry should definitely work (and it does!).

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  • Yes I am Sam, and Chebyshev polynomials aren't trivial, although they do make some problems trivial :P

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