IMO 2011 #6

by Wolstenholme, Nov 1, 2014, 12:25 AM

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$. Let $\ell$ be a tangent line to $\Gamma$, and let $\ell_a, \ell_b$ and $\ell_c$ be the lines obtained by reflecting $\ell$ in the lines $BC$, $CA$ and $AB$, respectively. Show that the circumcircle of the triangle determined by the lines $\ell_a, \ell_b$ and $\ell_c$ is tangent to the circle $\Gamma$.

Proof:

Let $ \ell $ be tangent to $ \Gamma $ at $ T $ and let $ A_1 = \ell_b \cap \ell_c $ and $ B_1 = \ell_c \cap \ell_a $ and $ C_1 = \ell_a \cap \ell_b. $ Let $ A_2 = \ell \cap \ell_a $ and $ B_2 = \ell \cap \ell_b $ and $ C_2 = \ell \cap \ell_c. $ WLOG assume that the order of points on line $ \ell $ is $ C_2, T, B_2, A_2 $ (to avoid configuration issues). Let $ I $ be the incenter of $ \triangle{A_1B_1C_1}. $

Lemma 1: $ AA_1 \cap BB_1 \cap CC_1 = I $

Proof: Consider $ \triangle{A_2B_1C_2}. $ It is clear that line $ AB $ is the internal angle bisector of $ \angle{B_1C_2A_2} $ and it is also clear that line $ BC $ is the internal angle bisector of $ \angle{B_1A_2C_2}. $ Therefore $ B $ is the incenter of this triangle; hence, line $ BB_1 $ bisects $ \angle{A_1B_1C_1}. $ Similarly line $ AA_1 $ bisects $ \angle{B_1A_1C_1} $ so we have the desired result.

Lemma 2: $ I \in \Gamma $

Proof: Note that $ \angle{BIC} = \angle{B_1IC_1} = 90 + \frac{\angle{B_1A_1C_1}}{2} = 180 - \frac{\angle{A_1C_2B_2}}{2} - \frac{\angle{A_1B_2C_2}}{2} = $ $ \angle{AC_2B_2} + \angle{A_B_2C_2} = 180 - \angle{BAC} $ which implies the desired result.

Now Let $ O $ be the center of $ \Gamma $ and let $ T_B $ and $ T_C $ be the reflections of $ T $ about $ OB $ and $ OC $ respectively. Clearly $ T_B $ and $ T_C $ are on $ \Gamma. $

Lemma 3: $T_BT_C \parallel B_1C_1 $

Proof: Note that $ \angle{C_1A_2T} = \angle{COT} - \angle{BOT} $ which immediately implies the desired result.

Letting $ T_A $ be the reflection of $ T $ about $ OA $ we have that $ T_AT_B \parallel A_1B_1 $ and $ T_CT_A \parallel C_1A_1 $ as well. Therefore there exists a homothety taking $ \triangle{T_AT_BT_C} $ to $ \triangle{A_1B_1C_1}. $ It suffices to show that the center of this homothety lies on $ \Gamma $, because then the homothety will take $ \Gamma $ to the circumcircle of $ \triangle{A_1B_1C_1} $ and so will be the tangency point between these two circles.

Now let $ Q $ be the reflection of $ T $ about $ BC. $ Cleary $ Q \in B_1C_1. $ Since $ \angle{TBQ} = 2\angle{TBC} = \angle{TBT_C} $ we have that $ Q \in BT_C $ and similarly that $ Q \in CT_B. $ Therefore $ Q = B_1C_1 \cap BT_C \cap CT_B. $ Now let $ P $ be the second intersection of line $ B_1T_B $ and $ \Gamma $ and let $ X = PT_C \cap IC_1. $ It suffices to show that $ X = C_1. $ By Pascal's Theorem on cyclic hexagon $ T_CBICT_BP $ we have that $ Q, B_1, X $ are collinear so $ X $ lies on line $ B_1C_1 $ which implies that $ X = C_1 $ so $ P $ is the desired tangency point and we are done.

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