AoPS Academy
[/quote]
, do not answer with "
is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "
is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
such that the equation in the unknown 
:
admits 
roots: 
s.t. 
.
be a triangle with circumcircle 
and let 
be the 
-excircle. Let 
and 
be the intersection points of and . Let 
and 
be the projections of onto the tangent lines to at and respectively. The tangent line at to the circumcircle of the triangle 
intersects the tangent line at to the circumcircle of the triangle 
at a point 
. Prove that 
.
board and made 
moves so that it visited all squares and returned to the starting square. At every moment, the distance from the center of the square the king was on to the center of the board was calculated. A move is called 
if this distance becomes smaller after the move. Find the maximum possible number of pleasant moves. (The chess king moves to a square adjacent either by side or by corner.)
is lovely if there exist a positive integer 
and (not necessarily distinct) positive integers 
, 
, 
, 
such that 
and 
for 
.
, which is a perfect square of an integer?
, prove that there exists a positive integer 
, such that for any integer 
, can be expressed by a sum of positive integers 
's as![\[n=a_1+a_2+\dots+a_m,\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/c/2/6c2a979a5ff6c40bf2d7152c8c32088fc36f848b.png)
where 
, 
, 
, 
.
be a function such that
for all 
. Determine all such functions 
.
such that the equality 
holds for all pairs of real numbers 
. with integer coefficients such that 
and 
is a square of an integer for all nonnegative integers 
. and an integer , 
is defined as follows: 
if 
and 
if 
.
be a function, two times derivable on 
for which there exist 
such that![\[ \frac { f(b)-f(a) }{b-a} \neq f'(c) ,\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/3/1/a31861ef909a6e17ed8b495b9b9b16d887ba573f.png)
for all 
.
.
is not a finite dimentional vector space.
can it still be a vector space of finite dimensional?
means 
considered as a vector space over 
. Then observe that 
is countable for any 
, because is countable. However, is uncountable.
, because it is not a field (not even a ring).
and 
: Prove that :
be an odd prime. Prove that:![\[\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}k^{2p-1} \equiv \frac{p(p+1)}{2} \pmod{p^2}\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/5/5/a55e75d4d9769ceec3a3ce359aac676c7c7875fd.png)
is an obvious solution. Now, let 
.
or 
.
.
