26. Outside of a triangle.
by Virgil Nicula, Apr 22, 2010, 11:01 PM
P1 (with Ceva). Construct outside of
the similar isosceles
,
,
in
,
,
respectively. Prove that
.
Proof. Denote
.Observe that
. Obtain
analogously
and
.
Extension. Construct outside of
the triangles
so that
and
. Prove that
.
Denote
, 
and
.Observe that
. Obtain analogously
and
.[/color]
P2. Outside of
construct
and
, i.e.
. Prove that
, i.e.
has the angles
,
,
. See here the Amo's proof (syntetically!).
Proof 1. Apply the generalized Pythagoras' theorem to
of




what is a symmetric in
i.e. 
where
a.s.o.
the angles of
are 
Proof 2 (Amo). On
construct outside
Hence
and
Indeed:
and

We got that
In conclusion, 
P3 Outside of
construct
so that
,
and
. Prove that
si 
Particular cases. If
then
is
-isosceles with
If
then
is equilateral.
Proof. Prove easily that
and
. Apply the generalized Pythagoras' theorem in the triangles :

.


, what is symmetrically in
.
In conclusion,
and
.
P4. Let
be a triangle.
and
are constructed outside of triangle
such that
. Denote
and the circumcenter
of
. Prove that
.
Proof. I"ll show that
, i.e.
. Denote
, the circumcircle
of
and
. Thus,

the quadrilaterals
,
are cyclically with the radical axis
. Observe that
the ray
is the bisector of the angle
. Prove easily that
. Thus, 
and
. Apply the generalized Pythagoras' theorem in
,
to the sides
,
respectively 



. I used the simple relations
and
.
Tema de cercetare. Gasiti concluzia fiecarei probleme in cazul cand (cel putin) unul din cele trei triunghiuri este construit spre interiorul triunghiului dat.








Proof. Denote

![$\frac {DB}{DC}=\frac {[ABA']}{[ACA']}=\frac {ac\cdot\sin (B+\phi )}{ab\cdot\sin (C+\phi )}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/7/4/0/740c5b1b5a5ce066e3b44d9871cfe05546364c85.png)


analogously






Extension. Construct outside of





Denote


and

![$\frac {DB}{DC}=\frac {[ABA']}{[ACA']}=\frac {ac\cdot\sin (B+z)}{ab\cdot\sin (C+z)}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/9/1/e/91e5356a62038dc1289ff38103d2a20a10e50137.png)








P2. Outside of











Proof 1. Apply the generalized Pythagoras' theorem to
![$[PN]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/0/8/8086f108baa68101466985716b979dcf9e3ea886.png)


![$\frac 1{4\cos^2y\cos^2z}\cdot \left[b^2\cos^2z+c^2\cos^2y+2bc\cos y\cos z\sin (A-x)\right]=$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/a/7/8a7c920b190bebef2e4dca47ef5d5221a3cdd5fd.png)
![$\frac 1{4\cos^2y\cos^2z}\cdot\left[b^2\cos^2z+c^2\cos^2y+2bc\cos y\cos z\cdot (\sin A\cos x-\sin x\cos A)\right]\implies$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/f/f/0ff6f6cdd8ad90fb02e8957d06108195164bbee0.png)




![$a^2\sin x\cos y\cos z+b^2\cos z[\sin (x+y)-\cos y\sin x]+c^2\cos y[\sin (x+z)-\cos z\sin x]=$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/9/0/6/906584047691920f245eb048eff135554d569583.png)





![$\implies\frac {NP}{\cos x}=\frac {PM}{\cos y}=\frac {MN}{\cos z}=\sqrt{\frac {4S+\sum a^2\tan x}{4\cos x\cos y\cos z}}=\sqrt{\frac {S+\sum [BMC]}{\cos x\cos y\cos z}},$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/6/b/86bb2ccaf31d1cd7f987b60b3b51326c60c3ada6.png)
![$4\cdot [BMC]=a^2\tan x$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/d/2/ad223e38d6b9bd4a7ff92ad963ec8a1514c95c3f.png)



Proof 2 (Amo). On
![$[PA]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/9/e/b/9ebf20f36ee3e23713ec93c7735679c77ca69ad0.png)













P3 Outside of







Particular cases. If






Proof. Prove easily that
















In conclusion,



P4. Let









Proof. I"ll show that























and




















Tema de cercetare. Gasiti concluzia fiecarei probleme in cazul cand (cel putin) unul din cele trei triunghiuri este construit spre interiorul triunghiului dat.
This post has been edited 120 times. Last edited by Virgil Nicula, Apr 20, 2017, 9:35 AM