220. Some nice geometry problems from contest.
by Virgil Nicula, Feb 4, 2011, 6:43 PM
Proposed problem 1 (Poland, 2000). Let
be an
-isosceles triangle and
be an interior point such
that
. Let
be the midpoint of
. Prove that
.
Proof 1 (synthetic). Observe that
. Thus
,
are tangent to the circumcircle
of
. Denote the second intersection
of
with
. From an well-known property (or prove easily) results that
is harmonically. Indeed,
.
The ray
is
-symmedian in
. Indeed,
. Therefore,
.
Proposed problem 2 (own). Let
be an
-right-angled triangle. Denote
. Prove that
.
Proof. Let
. Thus, that
and
the ray
is
-symmedian in
. Since
obtain that 
is tangent to the circumcircle of
. In conclusion (from well-known property of symmedian), and
is tangent to the circumcircle of
, i.e.
.
Remark.
is the symmedian point (Lemoine) of
because
is
-symmedian in given triangle.
Proposed problem 3. Let
be a triangle with
. Consider the points
such that
is the
midpoint of
, the ray
bisects
,
and
. Prove that
.
Proof 1 (metric).
.
Proof 2 (synthetic). Denote the second intersection
of
with the circumcircle of
. Prove easily that 
and
. In conclusion,
.
Remark. For
obtain the proposed problem. Nice problem !
Proposed problem 4 (INMO, 2011). Let
,
,
be points on the sides
,
,
respectively of
such that
and
. Show that
is equilateral.
Proof 1. Denote
and
. Observe that
. Thus
exists
so that
. Suppose w.l.o.g. that
. Therefore
and 
. In conclusion,
and
is equilateral.
Proposed problem 5. Let
be a triangle. Consider the points
,
and
so that
.
Prove that for any interior point
wr.t.
there is the inequality
.
Proof. Denote
. Apply the Stewart's theorem to
a.s.o. 
. Since 
where
is the centroid of
obtain that
. Thus, 
because
. We have equalitity if and only if
and
. On other hand
because
.
PP6 (Japan Mathematical Olympiad, 2011). For an acute
with the orthocenter
denote
. Prove that
.
Proof. Let
,
,
be the altitudes of
, where
,
,
. Prove easily that
,
, 
are cyclically and the radical axis
concur at
. Since
is cyclically obtain that
.
Since the division
is harmonically obtain that
. In conclusion,
.
Proposed problem 7. Let
with
, incenter
and bisectors
,
,
, where
,
,
. Prove that the
.
Proof 1 (synthetic). Can show easily that
is the
-exincentre of
and
is the
-exincentre of
. Thus,
and
are the
-bisectors in the triangles
,
respectively. In conclusion,
.
Proof 2 (metric). From the well-known relation
obtain for
that
, i.e.
. Therefore,
. In conclusion,
and
are
-bisectors in triangles
,
respectively
.
Remark. Apply generalized Pytagoras' theorem :
. Thus, 
. In conclusion, 
. Can use the equivalence
.
PP8. Two circles
,
meet each other at points
,
. A line from
intersects the circle
at
and the circle
at
(
is between
and
) . Let
,
be the midpoints of the arcs
,
respectively (not containing
) and let
be the midpoint of the segment
. Show that
.
Proof. Let
be the reflection of
accross
. Then
. We have
and
. Observe that

. Since
,
.
PP9. Let
be a triangle. For a point
, where
and
define the points
and
. Prove that
.
Proof 1 (synthetic). Let
be a line so that
and
,
. Thus,
. Apply the Ceva's theorem to the point
and 
. From
obtain that
, i.e.
, what means the triangle
is isosceles because and
. In conclusion,
.
Proof 2 (trigonometric). Note
. Apply an well-known relation to the cevians :
.
Apply the Ceva's theorem to the point
and
. Using the relations from
obtain easily that
, i.e.
.
Proof 3 (proiective). Let
and
. The division
is harmonically, i.e.
and from property
obtain the conclusion.
PP10. Let
be a triangle with the incenter
. Denote
and
. Prove that
.
Proof.
.



that


![$[BC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/a/1/ea1d44f3905940ec53e7eebd2aa5e491eb9e3732.png)

Proof 1 (synthetic). Observe that













The ray







Proposed problem 2 (own). Let




Proof. Let









is tangent to the circumcircle of




Remark.




Proposed problem 3. Let




midpoint of
![$[BC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/a/1/ea1d44f3905940ec53e7eebd2aa5e491eb9e3732.png)





Proof 1 (metric).




Proof 2 (synthetic). Denote the second intersection










Quote:
An easy extension. Let
be a triangle with the circumcircle
and
. Consider the points
and 
such that
,
and
. Prove that
, where
.





such that






Proposed problem 4 (INMO, 2011). Let



![$[BC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/a/1/ea1d44f3905940ec53e7eebd2aa5e491eb9e3732.png)
![$[CA]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/4/5/c/45c1acd47628de406680d04c09fe6314c3847acf.png)
![$[AB]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/d/a/ada6f54288b7a2cdd299eba0055f8c8d19916b4b.png)




Proof 1. Denote



exists








Proposed problem 5. Let





Prove that for any interior point



Proof. Denote

![$[XM]/\triangle BXC\ :\ XM^2=\frac {1}{r+1}\cdot XB^2+\frac {r}{r+1}\cdot XC^2-\frac {r}{(r+1)^2}\cdot a^2$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/b/8/3/b838ee7a89c14447b899fc538f0ae0646c575636.png)




where


![$\sum XM^2=3\cdot XG^2+\left[\frac 13-\frac {r}{(r+1)^2}\right]\cdot\sum a^2$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/3/d/6/3d6bdd48caf5eb9071584abf26bcdd153137c4fb.png)










PP6 (Japan Mathematical Olympiad, 2011). For an acute




Proof. Let










are cyclically and the radical axis




Since the division



Proposed problem 7. Let










Proof 1 (synthetic). Can show easily that












Proof 2 (metric). From the well-known relation












Remark. Apply generalized Pytagoras' theorem :







PP8. Two circles


















![$[CD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/7/0/e70960e9e5738a46ad23f794e796ef3cb4ad7e2c.png)

Proof. Let


















PP9. Let







Proof 1 (synthetic). Let














Proof 2 (trigonometric). Note


Apply the Ceva's theorem to the point






Proof 3 (proiective). Let





PP10. Let






Proof.






This post has been edited 94 times. Last edited by Virgil Nicula, Nov 22, 2015, 3:11 PM