178. Some nice and simple geometry problems.
by Virgil Nicula, Nov 25, 2010, 2:04 PM
PP1. Let
with
and
so that
, where
. Ascertain
.
Proof.
.
Remark. For
obtain the proposed problem from here. For
obtain the following simple problem :
Given are an
-right
with
. Denote
for which
. Ascertain the measure of the angle
.
PP2. Let
be a triangle with the incircle
which touches the sidelines
,
at
,
.
Denote the midpoints
,
of the sides
,
respectively . Prove that
.
Proof. Denote
and
. Since the triangle
is
-isosceles obtain that 
. Since the triangle
is
-isosceles obtain that 
. In conclusion,
.
PP3. Let
be a triangle with the circumcircle
. Denote
, where I am using often the notation
- the tangent to the circle
in
. Denote the points
,
for which
. Prove that
.
Proof. Show easily that
and
.
PP4 (USA, 1975). Let
,
be two secant circles in the points
,
. Consider two mobile points
,
so that
.
Ascertain the maximum value of the product
and the position of the line
when the maximum of this product is touched.
Proof. Denote
,
and
,
. Observe that
(constant) and
. Therefore,
is maximum iff
. Denote the intersection
of
with a common (exterior) tangent of
,
.
Define the second intersections
,
of
with the circles
,
respectively. Prove easily that
is maximum
and
.
Remark. Show easily that for
(constant) the product
is maximum 
is maximum
. If denote
, then
.
PP5 (Lituania, 1994). Let
be a cyclical quadrilateral. Denote the midpoints
,
of the sides
,
respectively
and
. Prove that the perpendiculars from
,
,
to the lines
,
,
respectively are concurrently.
Proof. Denote the points
for which
,
, the points
for which
,
and the intersections
,
. Observe that
. Since
and
obtain that
is
middleline in the trapezoid
and
. But and
,
. Therefore, since the triangles
,
are Desarque-
correspondently obtain that
, i.e.
. Observe that
. In conclusion,
, i.e. the perpendiculars from
,
,
to the lines
,
,
respectively are concurrently.
PP6 (nice !). Let
be a triangle. For three given points
,
and 
construct the point
so that the sideline
separates
,
and
. Prove that
.
Proof (oneplusone). Denote the second intersection
between the circumcircle of
and the sideline
. Observe that
.
Denote
and
. Therefore,
![$\left([ABC]-\underline{[BFU]}-\underline {\underline{[CEV]}}\right)+$](//latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/c/1/8c1cba2eeb22802cddb2d49b866ecf01f3cfbf20.png)
. In conclusion,
.
PP7 (Valentin Vornicu). Let
be a triangle and the points
and
on the sides
respectively
, such that
.
Let
be a point on the line
. Prove that the lines
and
are perpendicular if and only if
is the interior angle bisector of
.
Lemma. Given are the triangle
and the points
,
so that
.
Denote the intersection
. Then the point
is the middlepoint of the segment
.
First proof (grade 7). Denote
so that
. From Thales' theorem applied to the lines
,
in
and
respectively
we obtain the relations
and
. Therefore,
.
Second proof (grade 9). I"ll apply the Menelaus' theorem to the transversal
for
.
Remark. The first method is in point of fact the proof of the Menelaus's theorem in this particular case. The proposed problem has in addition ... a short tail !
PP8 (own). Let an
-right
with the circumcircle
and the incircle
. Denote
for which
. Consider the circles
, 
which are tangent to altitude
, interior tangent to
and to side
in the points
,
respectively. Prove that
.
Proof.Let
,
. From an well-known property
and
,
i.e.
. Prove analogously that
. Thus
, i.e.
.
PP9.
is a chord of a circle
and the tangents at
and
meet at
. If
is any point on the circle and 
are perpendiculars from
to
respectively, then prove that
.
Proof. Observe that
and
are cyclically and
. Thus
and 
. In conclusion,
.
PP10. Let
be a triangle. Prove that
.
Proof 1 (trigonometric).
and
. Thus

, what is truly.
Lemma. Prove that in any triangle
there is the equivalence
. Indeed, if denote 
, then
and
.
Proof 2 of PP10.
.
Proof 3. Let
be consecutive vertices of a regular heptagon. Note that
satisfies
. By the
Ptolemy's theorem for cyclic quadrilateral
obtain that
. Since
and
, it follows that
.
PP11. Let
,
be two secant circles for which denote
. For a common secant line
denote
and
so that
and
. Prove that
.
Proof. Denote
and
. Observe that
and
, i.e.
.






Proof.












Remark. For


Given are an






PP2. Let






Denote the midpoints


![$[AB]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/d/a/ada6f54288b7a2cdd299eba0055f8c8d19916b4b.png)
![$[AC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/9/3/0936990e6625d65357ca51006c08c9fe3e04ba0c.png)

Proof. Denote















PP3. Let










Proof. Show easily that







PP4 (USA, 1975). Let







Ascertain the maximum value of the product


Proof. Denote












Define the second intersections









Remark. Show easily that for

![$\sin x\sin y=\frac 12\cdot\left[\cos (x-y)-\cos k\right]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/c/1/6c17e43d7377cccac116ac435530dc226c6c0ec1.png)






PP5 (Lituania, 1994). Let



![$[AB]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/d/a/ada6f54288b7a2cdd299eba0055f8c8d19916b4b.png)
![$[CD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/7/0/e70960e9e5738a46ad23f794e796ef3cb4ad7e2c.png)
and







Proof. Denote the points














middleline in the trapezoid






correspondently obtain that










PP6 (nice !). Let




construct the point





![$[AELF]=[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/7/7/2/772a63579ed7ec7dce256cc85bb7084cba6d29d4.png)
Proof (oneplusone). Denote the second intersection



![$\begin{array}{ccccccc}
\widehat{SBL}\equiv\widehat{DEF}\equiv \widehat{BSF} & \implies & \widehat{SBL}\equiv \widehat{BSF} & \implies & BL\parallel SF & \implies & [LFB]=[LSB]\\\\
\widehat{SCL}\equiv\widehat{DFE}\equiv \widehat{CSE} & \implies & \widehat{SCL}\equiv \widehat{CSE} & \implies & CL\parallel SE & \implies & [LEC]=[LSC]\end{array}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/b/2/d/b2d425a57eb6dc487e82e81d3e7196ddb495cce4.png)
Denote


![$[AELF]=[AEVUF]+[LUV]=$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/b/6/1b657bd1f1d0c57056d4caf34a8ece9f39377e47.png)
![$\left([ABC]-\underline{[BFU]}-\underline {\underline{[CEV]}}\right)+$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/c/1/8c1cba2eeb22802cddb2d49b866ecf01f3cfbf20.png)
![$\left([LBC]-\underline{[LBU]}-\underline{\underline{[LCV]}}\right)=$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/8/0/680c53c7829349ac453da937151a18c1f4976bc3.png)
![$[ABC]+[LBC]-[LBF]-[LCE]=[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/8/4/884655f5e7673490fbcde95b07a3747920e99da1.png)
![$[AELF]=[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/7/7/2/772a63579ed7ec7dce256cc85bb7084cba6d29d4.png)
PP7 (Valentin Vornicu). Let






Let






Lemma. Given are the triangle




Denote the intersection



First proof (grade 7). Denote






we obtain the relations










Second proof (grade 9). I"ll apply the Menelaus' theorem to the transversal







Remark. The first method is in point of fact the proof of the Menelaus's theorem in this particular case. The proposed problem has in addition ... a short tail !
PP8 (own). Let an








which are tangent to altitude
![$[AD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/f/3/0f3e4c424371b27673db323ced8ef0777940c0d4.png)

![$[BC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/a/1/ea1d44f3905940ec53e7eebd2aa5e491eb9e3732.png)



Proof.Let






i.e.




PP9.











Proof. Observe that













PP10. Let


Proof 1 (trigonometric).











Lemma. Prove that in any triangle






Proof 2 of PP10.





Proof 3. Let





Ptolemy's theorem for cyclic quadrilateral






PP11. Let









Proof. Denote





This post has been edited 80 times. Last edited by Virgil Nicula, Dec 1, 2015, 9:20 AM