447. Locuri geometrice remarcabile.
by Virgil Nicula, Jul 7, 2016, 2:38 AM
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Se dau doua drepte concurente neperpendiculare
,
si constantele reale pozitive
,
,
Sa se determine locul geometric al punctelor
din planul
pentru care
Sa se stabileasca relatia intre
,
,
si masura unghiului ascutit dintre cele doua drepte ca locul geometric sa fie nevid (relatia de compatibilitate).
Aplicatie. Sa se arate ca intr-un patrulater circumscriptibil mijloacele diagonalelor si centrul cercului inscris sunt coliniare (dreapta lui Newton).Raspuns.
Se dau doua puncte fixe
,
si constantele reale nenule
,
,
. Sa se determine locul geometric al punctelor
pentru care
. Sa se stabileasca relatia de compatibilitate. Discutie.
Aplicatie. Se considera patrulaterul convex
. Sa se determine locul geometric al punctelor
pentru care
. Raspuns.
O dreapta perpendiculara pe
;
in caz contrar
un cerc cu centrul pe dreapta
.
Se da un triunghi
, o dreapta (un cerc)
, un punct fix
si un punct mobil
. Sa se determine locul geometric al punctului
pentru care
.
Aplicatie. Fiind date doua drepte
,
si un cerc
, sa se construiasca cel putin un triunghi
asemenea cu un triunghi dat (in particular
- triunghi echilateral) avand
,
si
.Raspuns.
Notatii.
- distanta punctului
la dreapta
;
- aria patrulaterului convex
.
Fie un triunghi
si doua puncte mobile
astfel incat
Notam mijlocul
al segmentului
Sa se arate ca:
Daca
separa punctele
si
atunci locul geometric al lui
este o dreapta paralela cu
-bisectoarea exterioara a 
Daca
nu separa punctele
si
atunci locul geometric al lui
este o dreapta paralela cu
-bisectoarea interioara a 
Generalizare (Mihai Miculita). Fie
un punct fix
doua puncte mobile
si
astfel incat
Sa se arate ca:
Daca
separa punctele
si
atunci locul geometric al lui
este o dreapta paralela cu
-bisectoarea exterioara a 
Daca
nu separa punctele
si
atunci locul geometric al lui
este o dreapta paralela cu
-bisectoarea interioara a 
Method 1.
ab+bc+ca=s^2+r^2+4Rr 
Method 2.
PP1. In a trapezium with bases
and lateral sides
, prove that the diagonals
are given by the relations 
Proof 1 (George_54). Suppose
and let
Apply Euler's theorem
and law of Cosines 
From
and
we get the desired result.
Proof 2 (own). Denote
so that
and
Apply the Stewart's theorem to the rays in the mentioned triangles 

Now I"ll solve the system of the relations
![$(a+b)\left[b\left(d^2+ab\right)-a\left(c^2+ab\right)\right]\ ;$](//latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/9/a/69a8024dd627f1ccd9311cbf7ca7d64475c376f2.png)
In conclusion, 
PP2 (nikolinv). Surprizing! Midline, symmedian line, orthic line (side of the orthic triangle) and antiparallel through vertex are concurent.
Proof 1 (nikolinv). Let
and
be points on
and
(
is orthic triangle of
) so that
be a parallelogram. Then
Also, it is a simple proof that
is between midpoint of a side and midpoint of an altitude (See: Ross Honsberger - Episodes in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century pp 65). In fact, parallelogram is actually rhombus, so
Further, midpoints of
and
are collinear with 
Proof: The parallelogram
is a rhombus (
is angle bisector of angle
) diagonals are perpendicular. It's easy to see that
and
(
). Since
and
are antiparallels with
and
From intercept theorem, symmedian point and midpoints of
are collinear. It's pretty obvious that points
and
lying on midline of triangle 
PP3. Intr-un plan
se dau doua puncte fixe
si
si un punct mobil
Pe semidreptele
si
se iau punctele
si
astfel incat
si
unde
sunt constante. Aratati ca dreapta care uneste punctul
cu mijlocul segmentului
taie dreapta
intr-un punct fix 
Demonstratie. Daca
este mijlocul segmentului
atunci
(constant)
este fix.
PP4. Let an acute
its circumcircle
and the intersections
Prove that 
Proof 1. Observe that
and
Thus,


Proof 2. Apply the theorem of Sines in
a.s.o. In conclusion, 
i.e. 
Proof 3. Let circumcircle
and
Thus,


Remark. I used two well-known identities
and the remarkable property PP1 from here.
Proof 4. The area
is given by















Aplicatie. Sa se arate ca intr-un patrulater circumscriptibil mijloacele diagonalelor si centrul cercului inscris sunt coliniare (dreapta lui Newton).Raspuns.
Un paralelogram.








Aplicatie. Se considera patrulaterul convex


![$LA^{2}+2\cdot LB^{2}+3\cdot LC^{2}=6\cdot LD^{2}+k\cdot [ABCD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/9/b/09bdcdf5cee5e3044bff5934823e19f4ef7e8de9.png)


in caz contrar









Aplicatie. Fiind date doua drepte








Reuniunea a doua drepte (a doua cercuri).
Notatii.



![$[XYZT]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/c/7/ec78bd5315b42d2e8ee01270e04baa155df26333.png)







![$[XY].$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/9/e/0/9e0d0a222797c32c24ff0bbf778012cafbdb6732.png)














Generalizare (Mihai Miculita). Fie




















Method 1.



Method 2.

PP1. In a trapezium with bases







Proof 1 (George_54). Suppose










Proof 2 (own). Denote








Now I"ll solve the system of the relations


![$(a+b)\left[b\left(d^2+ab\right)-a\left(c^2+ab\right)\right]\ ;$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/9/a/69a8024dd627f1ccd9311cbf7ca7d64475c376f2.png)

![$(a+b)\left[b\left(c^2+ab\right)-a\left(d^2+ab\right)\right]\ .$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/2/3/a2329de2f79313d04acbc12434a5c1b5c89d5b86.png)

PP2 (nikolinv). Surprizing! Midline, symmedian line, orthic line (side of the orthic triangle) and antiparallel through vertex are concurent.
Proof 1 (nikolinv). Let













Proof: The parallelogram

















PP3. Intr-un plan












![$[CD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/7/0/e70960e9e5738a46ad23f794e796ef3cb4ad7e2c.png)


Demonstratie. Daca

![$[CD]\ ,$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/5/f/7/5f745def914e8ed03d2015c00e2d98fd458adcab.png)


PP4. Let an acute




Proof 1. Observe that









Proof 2. Apply the theorem of Sines in











Proof 3. Let circumcircle








Remark. I used two well-known identities

Proof 4. The area
![$S=[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/b/3/a/b3ae3d445111e4dd28be75922309d3270079368c.png)










This post has been edited 78 times. Last edited by Virgil Nicula, Nov 25, 2016, 4:13 PM