360. Some problems for the middle school.
by Virgil Nicula, Oct 23, 2012, 9:07 AM
P1. Let an
-isosceles
with
such that its orthocenter
belongs to its incircle
, i.e.
. Ascertain its area
.
Proof. Is evidently that
. Denote the midpoint
of
and
. Thus,
and 
. Therefore,
and
. In conclusion,
.
P2. Let a square
with
and a circle
. For an interior point
of the square and
we know that
and
. Find
.
Proof. Let
and
. Thus,

P3. Let two secant circles
and
, where
and
. Consider 
and
so that
and the line
doesn't separate
and
. Prove that
.
Proof. Let the midpoints
,
,
of
,
,
respectively and
,
. Thus,
and observe that
, i.e. the triangle
is
-isosceles. Denote the midpoint
of
, i.e.
. Denote
and
,
. Thus,
, i.e.
is a parallelogram , i.e.
and
. Thus,
. Apply
theorem of median
in
and obtain
i.e.
. Therefore, from
obtain that

.
P4. Let the equilateral triangles
and
so that
and
doesn't separate
and
. Denote
. Prove that
.
Proof. Observe that
and
the quadrilaterals
and
are cyclically
.
P5. Let
and
so that
Suppose that exist
and
so that
and
Prove that
Proof 1.


Proof 2.

Remark.
.
Proof 3. Let the midpoints
of
,
,
respectively. Prove easily that
is a rectangle and
is a parallelogram. Thus,
where
is
the
-median in the
-isosceles
, i.e.
. Hence and
, i.e.
is the orthocenter of
. In conclusion,
.
P6 (test Elvetia). Find all values of the parameter
so that
verify the system 
Proof.
and

From the relation
obtain that
. Can suppose that
.
Therefore
. In conclusion,
.
P7. Let
so that
Calculate 
Proof. With the substitution
in the well known identity
obtain the chain of the identities:

In conclusion,

P8. Let
such that
and
Find the value of the expression 
Proof.
Similarly

Addition and difference

P9 (MO, Rusia). Let
such that
Find the value of the sum 
Proof 1. Denote
Therefore,

Proof 2.

Proof 3.

P10 (British M.O.,2008). Let
be an
-isosceles triangle with
the orthocenter
and the circumcircle
Prove that the circumcenter of
belongs to the side
Proof 1. Denote
so that
Thus,

is cyclic
and
belong to the circle with the diameter ![$[BX].$](//latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/2/c/82c6d28e713888bb03a4c326a61e7df077bbca28.png)
Proof 2. Suppose w.l.o.g.
i.e.
Denote
so that
and
Observe that 
Therefore, the circumcenter of 
belongs to the side

what is true. In conclusion,
and
belong to the circle with the diameter
In the case
i.e.
the our proof is similarly.
P11 (Thanasis Gakopoulos). Let
be a triangle with the incentre
Prove that
Nice remark!
Proof. Denote the circumcircle
and
Observe that

i.e.
and
In conclusion,
(standard notations).
Remark. Apply the Ptolemy's theorem to the isosceles trapezoid







Proof. Is evidently that


![$[BC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/a/1/ea1d44f3905940ec53e7eebd2aa5e491eb9e3732.png)














P2. Let a square








Proof. Let




P3. Let two secant circles





and






Proof. Let the midpoints



![$[O_1O_2]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/6/6/d663fe1660add9433a47fda5bf4e50963f63b7f9.png)
![$[PQ]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/2/1/c/21ca08816cf8b23ddf756ce9ae098ad327f2443d.png)
![$[PR]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/a/d/2/ad2ecef541359529c80aaf94c8c550c9e3bb1e7c.png)







![$[PM]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/8/3/e83377b926603aeb0a97093c89affe949af4af7a.png)









theorem of median
![$[PM]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/8/3/e83377b926603aeb0a97093c89affe949af4af7a.png)











P4. Let the equilateral triangles








Proof. Observe that










P5. Let








Proof 1.






Proof 2.




Remark.





Proof 3. Let the midpoints

![$[MD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/9/7/8/97872638fc3f0f502d3ea893f138d450be76d57e.png)
![$[AM]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/f/9/1f9b22599237fb6240a50b5f75e8f6ced1292374.png)
![$[AD]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/f/3/0f3e4c424371b27673db323ced8ef0777940c0d4.png)




the








P6 (test Elvetia). Find all values of the parameter



Proof.












Therefore


P7. Let



Proof. With the substitution







P8. Let




Proof.








P9 (MO, Rusia). Let



Proof 1. Denote




Proof 2.




Proof 3.




P10 (British M.O.,2008). Let






![$[AB].$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/2/6/4/264577404140cd39a4b68d919fc0a13d5815fac5.png)
Proof 1. Denote



















![$[BX].$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/2/c/82c6d28e713888bb03a4c326a61e7df077bbca28.png)
Proof 2. Suppose w.l.o.g.








belongs to the side
![$[AB]\iff$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/5/7/157f84bad7ae073ccd332d14539cbcbb8e3e826e.png)








![$[BX].$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/8/2/c/82c6d28e713888bb03a4c326a61e7df077bbca28.png)


P11 (Thanasis Gakopoulos). Let



Proof. Denote the circumcircle




i.e.



Remark. Apply the Ptolemy's theorem to the isosceles trapezoid

This post has been edited 240 times. Last edited by Virgil Nicula, Apr 11, 2018, 3:42 PM